CHAPTER 2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you are
FRACTIONS
expected to:
OVERVIEW 1. Demonstrate mastery in illustrating
fraction as part of a whole, set,
In this chapter, we will be dealing region; distinguishing kinds of
with fractions. We will review the fraction; and solving problems
basic concepts such as it's involving fractions
definition and it's parts. Moreover,
we will cover subtopics such as 2. Demonstrate mastery in
equivalent fractions, comparing Visualizing equivalent fraction;
generating equivalent fractions from
and ordering fractions, addition of
the given fraction; finding the
similar fractions and mixed missing part of the equivalent
numbers, and subtraction of fractions; and solving problems
similar fractions and mixed involving equivalent fraction and
numbers. simplest form of.
Lesson 2.1 Introduction to Fraction
Fractions are numbers that represent a part
of the whole. When an object or a group of
objects is divided into equal parts, then each
individual part is a fraction. A fraction is
usually written as 1/2 or 5/12 or 7/18 and so
on. It is divided into a numerator and
denominator where the denominator
represents the total number of equal parts
into which the whole is divided. The
numerator is the number of equal parts that
are taken out. For e.g. in the fraction 3/4, 3 is
the numerator and 4 is the denominator.
QUESTION
What are real life
examples of fractions?
SCORES
If a student scored 60 from
a 100 item test, what
fraction represents the the
items that the student
answered incorrectly?
PIZZA
It’s your birthday and mom has
ordered pizza for you and your
friends. When the pizza arrives, you
open the box and find that it is cut
into slices. Let’s assume that there
are 8 slices and you have 7 friends.
So, there are 8 people who are going
to eat the 8 slices of the pizza. How
much does each person get?
COOKING
Daniela has 6 kilograms of banana.
She boiled 1 3/4 kilograms for her
friends. After cooking, she found
out that it was not enough. She
cooked another 1 3/4 kilograms.
How many kilograms of banana was
left?
DISTANCE
My house if 7 kilometers away from
school. In going to school, I wake 2/5
km from our house to the tricycle
parking station which is 6 2/5 km
away from the unloading station.
From the unloading station, 1 walk
another distance to finally reach
school. What is the distance from the
unloading station to school?
WATER
Kent and Michael filled the tank
with water. Kent filled the tank with
3 2/5 gallons of water. Michael filled
the tank with 2 3/5 galloons of water
more than Kent. How many gallons
of water did the two boys fill the
tank in total?
EXPENSES
Korion, Angelie, and Osa are
siblings and they received the same
amount of money on Christmas.
Korina spent 1/6 of her money.
Angelie spent 3/6 of her money.
Osa spent 2/6 of her money. What
part of their money did the three
girls spend in all?
TIME
It took Nick five-thirds of an hour
to complete his math homework on
Monday, three-fourths of an hour
on Tuesday, and five-sixths of an
hour on Wednesday. How many
hours did he take to complete his
homework altogether?
SURVEYS
In a recent survey conducted by the
Grade III learners at ABC
Elementary School, 2/5 of the
learners survey said that their
favorite color is blue, 1/4 said pink,
and 3/10 said green. What color was
favored by the greatest number of
learners?
DEFINITION
Fraction represents part of a whole.
Examples:
1/2 3/4 5/6 9/11
QUESTION
What are parts of a
fraction?
PARTS OF FRACTION
Fraction bar - is the horizontal line that separates two
numbers in a fraction. It is also called as Vinculum.
Numerator - is the number above the horizontal line. It
tells us how many parts of a whole is being considered.
Denominator - the number below the horizontal line. It
tells us how many parts the whole is divided into.
QUESTION
How are fractions
represented?
This is a
whole pizza.
If we equally
divide this
pizza into 8
How do we
write this as a
fraction?
8
=1
8
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
5
8
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
1 1 2
2 3 3
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
1 6 2
4 12 4
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
1 3 2
5 4 5
QUESTION
What are the different
kinds of fractions?
PROBLEM SOLVING:
1. In a box, there are 5 marbles. Two
marbles are black. Determine the fraction
that represents the black marbles.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
2. Nanay Lydia bought 3 red, 5 blue, and
6 white shirts. What fraction represents
the shirts that were red?
PROBLEM SOLVING:
3. Cherie scored 17 in a 20 item test. What
fraction of the test did Cherie answer
incorrectly?
PROBLEM SOLVING:
4. During a basketball competition, Team
B won 9 games out of the 11 games that
they played in total. What fraction of the
total games did they lose?
QUESTION
What are equivalent
fractions?
DEFINITION
The word equivalent meants "equal" or
"same value".
Examples:
1/2 is equivalent to 2/4
2/5 is equivalent to 10/25
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
Identify the fraction of the shaded part:
1 2 4
2 4 8
QUESTION
How do we identify
equivalent fractions?
How do we generate
equivalent fractions?
We simplify fractions by
dividing by a fraction
equal to one.
We generate equivalent
fractions by multiplying
with a fraction equal to
one.
QUESTION
Prove that 4/5 and 8/10
are equivalent fractions.
QUESTION
Prove that 3/4 and 12/16
are equivalent fractions.
QUESTION
Generate 5 fractions
equivalent to 2/3.
QUESTION
Generate 5 fractions
equivalent to 5/3.
Find the missing numerator or denominator
to make the fractions equivalent:
2 10
= =
5 15
Find the missing numerator or denominator
to make the fractions equivalent:
6 16
= =
7 21
Find the missing numerator or denominator
to make the fractions equivalent:
36 18 9
= =
20
Find the missing numerator or denominator
to make the fractions equivalent:
65 13
= =
80 32
Find the missing numerator or denominator
to make the fractions equivalent:
2 20
= =
9 27
Express in simplest form:
3
9
Express in simplest form:
12
24
Express in simplest form:
16
20
Express in simplest form:
15
27
Express in simplest form:
42
56
PROBLEM SOLVING:
There are 24 pupils from the school who
participated in a Math Camp. Eighteen of
them are boys and the rest are girls. What
fraction of the school's delegation are girls?
Express your answer in its simplest form.
QUESTION
How do we compare
fractions?
Which fraction is greater than the other?
3 1
4 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
3 1
4 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
3 1
4 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
1 1
4 3
Which fraction is greater than the other?
4 1
5 6
Which fraction is greater than the other?
1 1
3 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
1 1
3 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
1 1
2 3
Which fraction is greater than the other?
1 1
2 3
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 2
4 3
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 2
4 3
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 2
10 5
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 2
10 5
Which fraction is greater than the other?
4 4
8 16
Which fraction is greater than the other?
4 4
8 16
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 3
3 4
Which fraction is greater than the other?
2 1
3 5
Which fraction is greater than the other?
8 3
4 12
PROBLEM SOLVING:
Asha and Samuel have bookshelves of the
same size partly filled with books. Asha’s shelf
is 5/6th full and Samuel’s shelf is 2/5th full.
Whose bookshelf is more fulll?
QUESTION
How do we add and
subtract similar
fractions?
Add the fractions:
1 2
+
5 5
Add the fractions:
4 3
+
8 8
Subcract the fractions:
3 2
-
4 4
Subcract the fractions:
8 3
-
11 11
Subcract the fractions:
7 1
-
5 5
Solve:
1
1 + 3
4
Solve:
3 1
1 + +
8 8
Solve:
3 1
3 +5 2
2
Solve:
3 5
1 + 1 8
8
Solve:
3 5
1 +2 7
7
QUESTION
How do we add and
subtract dissimilar
fractions?
Solve:
1 1
+
4 2
Solve:
1 1
+
3 2
Solve:
2 1
+
5 2
Solve:
7 2
-
8 5
Solve:
3 2
-
5 15
Solve:
7 2
-
8 5
PROBLEM SOLVING:
Aling Nena bought 2/4 kilogram of onions.
She also bought 1/2 kilogram of garlic.
Combine the onion and garlic which you
have weighed. What is their total weigh in
kilogarms?
PROBLEM SOLVING:
Rachel rode her bike for one-fifth of a mile
on Monday and two-fifths of a mile on
Tuesday. How many miles did she ride
altogether?
PROBLEM SOLVING:
It took Nick five-thirds of an hour to
complete his math homework on Monday,
three-fourths of an hour on Tuesday, and
five-sixths of an hour on Wednesday. How
many hours did he take to complete his
homework altogether?
