CHAPTER 20

PROTEINS
EXERCISES:

Name: Lorenz S. Naval BS MedTech 2 - B

I. Characteristics of Proteins: c) COOH d) COOH

20.1 – Amino Acids H NH2 N2H H

20.2 – Nitrogen CH3 CH3 CH

20.3 – 15 percent by mass D- Alanine CH3
L-Valine
20.4 – 9,000 different kind of proteins
20.36 CH3
II. Amino Acid Standard Characteristics CH3 CH2
20.5 CH
a) YES, because amino group (H2N) and the
carboxyl group (COOH) are attached to the H2N C COOH
∝-carbon atom (C)
H
b) NO, because none of the carboxyl group are
Isoleucine
attached to the ∝-carbon atom (C), only the
amino group (H2N)
20.38
c) NO, because none of the amino acid are a) L-amino acid
attached to the ∝-carbon atom (C), only the b) Polar amino acid
carboxyl group c) Nonessential amino acid
d) Standard amino acid
d) YES, because amino group (H2N) and the
carboxyl group (COOH) are attached to the IV. Acid–Base Properties of Amino Acids
∝-carbon atom (C) (Section 20.5)
20.40 – It is due to the strong intermolecular forces
20.6 – a prefix refers to the amino acids that are between their structures.
always found in proteins
20.41
20.7 – The major structural difference among the H H
a) b)
various standard amino acids is to identify the R + - + -
group (side chain) H3N COO H3N COO

20.8 – Nonpolar Amino Acids, Polar Neutral Amino CH2 CH2 CH3
Acids, Polar Acidic Amino Acids, and Polar Basic
Amino Acids CH CH3 CH
CH3 CH3
20.9 Isoleucine
Leucine
a) Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan
b) Methionine, cysteine c) d)
H H
c) Aspartic acid, glutamic acid
d) Serine, threonine, tyrosine + - + COO
-
H3N COO H3N
III. Chirality of Amino Acids
CH2 H
20.31 – L (left) family
SH
20.32 – Glycine is the simplest structure of the Cysteine Glycine
standard amino acids that makes it achiral. Besides,
two of the groups attached to the ∝-carbon atom (C) 20.42
are identical. H
H a) H b)
I + - + -
H3N COO H3N COO
N2N – C – COOH
I
H CH2 CH2
20.34 CH2
a) b) CH
COOH COOH S
H2N H H NH2 CH2

CH2 Serine Methionine

CH2
SH SH
L-Cysteine D-Cysteine
 CHAPTER 20
PROTEINS
EXERCISES:

Name: Lorenz S. Naval BS MedTech 2 - B

c) b)
H
+ -
H3N COO

CH – OH 2

CH3

Threonine Phenylalanine

20.44

a) b)
H H
+ - + -
H3N COO H2N COO

H H
pH= 5.97 pH= 13.0

c) H d) H
+ COOH + -
H3N H2N COO

H H
pH= 2.0 pH= 11.0

V. Cysteine and Disulfide Bonds (Section 20.6)

20.53 – The two cysteine molecules react with one

another forming cysteine molecule linked via
disulfide bond.

VI. Peptides (Section 20.7)

20.55 – Carboxyl group (-COOH) and Amino group
(-NH2)
20.56 O H
C N
Peptide bond
20.59

Tripeptide (Val-Phe-Cys)

20.61
a) Serine, Alanine, Cysteine (Ser-Ala-Cys)
b) Aspartic acid, Threonine, Asparagine (Asp-
Thr-Asn)

20.67
a) Alanine
b) Glycine
c) Valine
d) None