Name: Lorenz S, Naval BSMedTech 2 - B

DNA and RNA Worksheet

∙ What is the entire molecule to the right called? Nucleotide

∙ Name 2 purines. Adenine, Guanine

∙ Name 2 pyrimidines. Thymine, Cytosine

DNA:

∙ DNA stands for. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

∙ DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell, and makes up the genetic information found there. ∙

A DNA molecule is made up of long chains of nucleotides. A DNA nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a

5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

∙ In DNA, the four bases are cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine. These bases are called complimentary bases as Adenine (A)

bonds only with thymine (T) and Guanine (G) bonds only with cytosine (c).

∙ The double-stranded DNA structure is called a double helix.

∙ The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made up of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate backbone.

∙ The rungs of the DNA “ladder” are made up of the nitrogen bases

∙ Why is DNA called the "Blueprint of Life"? They contain instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive, and
reproduce.

RNA:

∙ RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. RNA moves genetic information from DNA in the nucleus, to the cytoplasm of the cell and is

involved in many cellular activities like the building of proteins.

∙ RNA contains a 5 Carbon sugar called ribose.

∙ An RNA molecule is made up of long chains of nucleotides. An RNA nucleotide consists of a carbon ribose sugar, and,

phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

∙ In RNA, the bases are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and uracil (U). These bases are called complimentary

bases as Adenine bonds only with uracil (U) and Guanine bonds only with cytosine (C).

∙ What are the three types of RNA and their functions? Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as temporary copies of the information found

in DNA. Ribosomal RNA serves as structural components of protein-making structures known as ribosomes. Transfer RNA

(tRNA) ferret amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled.

∙ What places in the cell would you find RNA? (and what types are where?) Cytoplasm - rRNA, tRNA and Nucleus-mRNA
DNA vs RNA:
∙ DNA and RNA are both this type of macromolecule: nucleic acids

∙ The single stranded nucleic acid is RNA.

∙ The double stranded nucleic acid is DNA.

∙ What are the two differences that can be found in a DNA and RNA nucleotide? The DNA contains deoxyribose sugar
while RNA contains sugar ribose. DNA contains thymine while RNA contains uracil.

∙ Only RNA can be found outside of the nucleus. Why do you think that is? It is because the cell is very small and
organisms have many DNA molecules per cell, each DNA molecule must be tightly packaged.

Fill in the below Venn Diagram to compare DNA & RNA using ALL of the words below

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix Uracil Double Stranded Deoxyribose Sugar Thymine

Pyrimidines Copy the Instructions and Make Proteins Ribose Sugar Instructions for making

proteins Located in Nucleus of Eukaryotes Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleic Acid 3 Types

Adenine Nucleotide is the monomer 5-Carbon Sugar Phosphate Group Guanine Cytosine Single

Strand Genetic Information Ribonucleic Acid

DNA RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid Nucleic acid

3 types
Pyrimidine
Double helix 5 – Carbon sugar Ribonucleic acid

Double stranded Adenine

Single stranded
Guanine
Deoxyribose sugar Uracil

Thymine Cytosine
Cytoplasm
Phosphate group
Located in Nucleus of Eukaryotes Copy the instructions and make protein

Genetic Information Nucleotide is the monomer

Instructions for making protein