Acute/Communicable/Infectious Diseases

Classified according to:

1. Mode of Transmission
2. Range of Seriousness, Effect Duration, Severity, and
Extent

Classification: Mode of Transmission

1. AIRBORNE Transmission

 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Caused: Rubiola virus

 Smallpox

- SARS transmitted from civet cat

- Caused: Corona Virus
- 774 died in 2002

 MERS and COVID-19

- MERS transmitted from bats to camel

- Caused: Variola virus
- COVID-19 transmitted from bats
 German Measles
 Tuberculosis
- Caused: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

 Meningococcemia

- Caused: Rubella Virus

 Chickenpox
- Caused: Neisseria meningitis

 Also through droplets

Note: there is no confirmation that these disease are airborne

transmitted

2. DROPLETS Transmission

 Common Colds - Caused: Varicella

- found in younger person
- Caused: Zoster
- found in elder person

- Rhino virus, Corona virus (MERS, SARS, COVID-19, Colds)  Influenza (Flu virus)
Adeno virus

 Whooping Cough (none stop coughing)

- 3 cases of influenza virus: A, B,C
- A – severe

- Cause: Bordetella pertussis  Poliomyelitis

- Vaccines for 3 diseases: DPT – diphtheria, pertussis
(whooping cough), tetanus

 Measles

- Caused: Polio virus

 Legionnaire’s Diseases

- Caused: Legionella pneumophila

- 34 died in 1976
- by water droplet (aircon)

3. INTESTINAL DISCHARGE Transmission

 Cholera

- Cause: Ascaris lumbricoides

- Caused: Vibrio cholera  Trichuriasis

 Dysentery

- Two types:
- Amoebic – parasite
- Caused: Entamoeba histolytica
- Bacillary or Bacterial – bacterium
- Caused: Shigella dysenteriae

 Typhoid Fever

- Cause: Trichuris Trichura

- Caused: Salmonella typhosa  Ancylostomiasis/Hookworm Infection

 Hepatitis A (HAV)

- Old world hookworm

- Five types hepa: - Cause: Ancylostoma oudenale
- A, E – orally transmitted - New world hookworm
- B, C, D – transmitted 4 ways: sexual contact, intravenous, - Caused: Necator mericanus
transplacental, saliva - Dog hookworm
- Caused: Ancylostoma caninum
- Cat hookworm
 Giardiasis - Caused: Ancylostoma braziliense
- Skin Penetration of the Filariform Larva in the soil
- Stool  Soil  Foot
- still fatal

 Capillariasis

- Cause: Giardia lambia

 Ascariasis
 - Transmitted: sex
- Level 3 STD

 Leptospirosis

- Cause: Leptospira interrogans

 Gonorrhea

- Cause: Capillaria philippinesis - Cause: Neisseria gonorrhea

- Transmission: Sex
 Enterobiasis (Tin worm/Sit worm/Pin worm) - Level 1 STD

 Syphillis

- Cause: Enterobius vermicularis

- Transmission: oral and skin penetration of the egg
- Cause: Treponema pallidum
4. ANIMAL RESERVOIR Transmission - Transmission: Sex
- Level 2 STD
 Taeniasis/Pork or Beef Tapeworm Infection
 Ebola Infection

 Dipylidiasis/Dog Tapeworm Infection

- Transmission: body fluids

6. VECTOR-BORNE Transmission

 Mosquito
- Malaria
 Diphyllobothriasis/Fish Tapeworm

- Cause: Anopheles spp.

- Cause: Diphyllobothrium latum - Dengue Fever

5. OPEN SORES/LESION Transmission

 AIDS
- Cause: Aedes spp.
- Yellow Fever
- Cause: Aeded spp,
- Filariasis/Elephantiasis

- HIV - Cause: Anopheles and Mansonia spp.

- Level 4 STD
- Transmitted: sex, intravenous injection, blood, transplacental
 Tick and Mite
 Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C
- Typhus Fever

 Sandfly

- Leishmaniasis

 TSE Fly, Cone-Nosed Bug

- Trypanosomiasis
- Sleeping sickness

7. FOMITE-BORNE Transmission

 Anthrax

- Cause: Bacillus anthracis

- Transmission: inhalation and fomite

 Chicken Pox

- Cause: Varicella virus

 Common Colds
- Cause: Rhino virus, Corona virus, etc.

 Influenza

- Cause: Flu virus

 Meningitis

- Cause: Neisseria meningitidis