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LABORATORY EXERCISE 1
PROFESSOR: ENGR. EUFEMIA A. GARCIA
OBJECTIVES:
1. To be familiarized with the basic electrical measuring equipment so the equipment can be
operated in a safe and controlled manner.
2. To know how to use the instruments in performing basic DC measurements.
3. To understand how resistor current and voltage are measured using the digital multimeter.
MATERIALS:
BREAD BOARD
CONNECTING WIRES (aka - JUMPER WIRES, SOLID COPPER WIRES)
RESISTORS
o 500 OHMS
o 1000 OHMS
o 200 OHMS
VOLT-OHM METER / MULTITESTER
LED (ANY COLOR)
VARIABLE DC SUPPLY
ALLIGATOR CLIPS
PROCEDURE:
1. CREATE OR CONSTRUCT THE CIRCUIT SHOWN BELOW:
2. CONNECT THE VARIABLE DC SUPPLY IN SERIES WITH A RESISTOR (USE THE 200 OHM FIRST) AND
AN LED.
MEASURING VOLTAGE:
3. SET THE DC SUPPLY TO 3 VOLTS.
4. TURN ON THE DC SUPPLY AND IT WILL LIGHT UP THE LED
5. TURN ON THE MULTITESTER AND SET IT TO MEASURE VOLTS.
6. CHECK THAT THE PROBES ARE CONNECTED TO THE + (RED) INTERFACE OF THE VOLT METER
AND TO THE – (BLACK) INTERFACE OF THE VOLTMETER.
7. USING THE TIP OF THE PROBES, TAP OR CONNECT ONE PROBE TO ONE TERMINAL OF THE
RESISTOR AND THE OTHER PROBE TO THE OTHER TERMINAL OF THE RESISTOR, AS SHOWN IN
THE PICTURE BELOW.
8. NOTE THAT THE POSITIVE PROBE IS CONNECTED FACING THE POSITIVE SIDE OF THE SOURCE
AND THE NEGATIVE PROBE IS TAPPED/CONNECTED FACING THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF THE DC
SOURCE.
9. GET THE VOLTAGE READING AND TAKE NOTE OF THE VALUE.
10. REPEAT STEPS 3 TO 9 USING THE 500 OHM AND 1000 OHM RESISTOR.
13. NOTICE THAT THE TERMINAL OF THE RESISTOR IS DISCONNECTED TO THE TERMINAL OF THE
LED.
14. TURN ON THE DC SUPPLY.
15. OBVIOUSLY, THE LED WILL NOT LIGHT UP.
16. TURN ON THE MULTITESTER AND SET IT TO MEASURE CURRENT (AMPERES).
17. CHECK THAT THE PROBES ARE CONNECTED TO THE + (RED) INTERFACE OF THE AMMETER AND
TO THE – (BLACK) INTERFACE OF THE AMMETER.
18. USING THE TIP OF THE PROBES, TAP OR CONNECT ONE PROBE TO OPEN TERMINAL OF THE
RESISTOR AND THE OTHER PROBE TO THE OPEN TERMINAL OF THE LED, AS SHOWN IN THE
PICTURE BELOW.
19. OPEN TERMINAL MEANS THAT THE TERMINAL OF A CIRCUIT ELEMENT IS NOT CONNECTED.
20. ONCE THE TWO PROBES ARE CONNECTED, YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THE LED WILL LIGHT UP.
AND CURRENT WILL BE MEASURED BY THE MULTI-TESTER.
21. NOTE THAT THE POSITIVE PROBE IS CONNECTED FACING THE POSITIVE SIDE OF THE SOURCE
AND THE NEGATIVE PROBE IS TAPPED/CONNECTED FACING THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF THE DC
SOURCE.
22. GET THE CURRENT READING AND TAKE NOTE OF THE VALUE.
23. REPEAT STEPS 11 TO 22 USING THE 500 OHM AND 1000 OHM RESISTOR.
OBSERVATIONS:
24. WHAT DID YOU OBSERVE WHEN MEASURING VOLTAGE AND CURRENT?
25. REVERSE THE TAPPING OF THE PROBE, OPPOSING THE PROCEDURE AS GIVEN IN THE ABOVE
PICTURES.
26. WHAT ARE THE RESULTS? WHAT DID YOU NOTICE ON THE VALUES MEASURED WHEN THE
PROBES ARE REVERSED? WHY? EXPLAIN.
27. USING OHM’S LAW, COMPUTE THE VOLTAGE ACROSS THE RESISTOR AND THE CURRENT
FLOWING THROUGH THE CIRCUIT. COMPARE THE COMPUTED VALUES VERSUS THE MEASURED
VALUE. EXPLAIN THE RESULTS.
QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS:
1. LABEL OR SKETCH THE INTERNAL DIAGRAM OF THE FOLLOWING:
A. DC voltmeter
B. DC ammeter
C. Ohmmeter
You break the circuit when you place a voltmeter in series. It will then
measure the potential difference, but there will be no flow of current, and
the device operation will be interrupted.
You short circuit the device when you place ammeter in parallel. You will
end up burning up the meter, if not, depends if the circuit can provide the
short circuit current and still function or not.
4. SOME TYPES OF FUSES USED TO PROTECT ELECTRIC METERS HAVE RESISTANCES OF SEVERAL
OHMS. IS THIS OBJECTIONABLE IN (a) AMMETER CIRCUITS (b) VOLTMETER CIRCUITS? WHY?
Fuses are always connected in series with the circuit. Therefore, its'
resistance should be small compared to the resistance of the circuit.
The circuit of an Ammeter has a much lower resistance than a Voltmeter.
So, the fuse in the Ammeter has a higher current rating. However, the fuse
with the highest current rating has the lowest resistance.
1.
2.
3.
Band colours in order YELLO SILVE
GREEN BLUE W R
Digit representation 5 6 10,000 ± 10%
Value 560K Ω ±10 %
Band colours in order YELLO VIOLE
W T RED GOLD
4.
Digit representation 4 7 100 ± 5%
Band colours in order
Value ORANG 4.7K Ω ±5 %
E WHITE BROWN
Digit representation 3 9 10
Value 390 Ω
5.
Solution:
7.
Solution:
120 x 0.2 = 24 Ω
8.
Solution:
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