TRIZ The theory of Inventif Problem Solving
State of the art
HMINA Khadija SALLAOU Mohammed
Mechanical and integrated Mechanical and integrated
engineering team M2I engineering team M2I
ENSAM-Meknès ENSAM-Meknès
Meknes, Morocco Meknes, Morocco
hminakhadija@gmail.com mosallaou@yahoo.fr
ABSTRACT— In view of the modern society desires and
requirements, innovation has actually become a crucial factor
for a large sector of industrial companies. Also, competition is
no longer only based on the production quality and quantity.
For that issue, a significant fragment of research and
development studies concentrates on innovation aid tools and
methodologies integration amounts the various industry fields.
In this context the paper presents a state of the art of the recent
research studies exploiting the TRIZ theory, the Russian
theory that has been successfully integrated in many fields and
industry sectors, also proves its performances resolving
innovative problems and improving creativity and ideation
spirit in different fields. The presented state of the art is
analyzed in terms of the TRIZ exploitation in product design,
the field scoring the first level of the TRIZ theory exploitation.
Keywords—Innovation, TRIZ theory, creativity, product
design.
I. INTRODUCTION
Actually, innovation has become a key focus for
businesses, while representing a source of sustainability,
success and value creation. Getting the right innovation
methods is crucial for businesses to remain competitive.
Adopting an innovation process has become a key condition
for distinguishing industries in order to overcome
competition, achieving greater performances over
competitors and reducing costs in a sustainable manner. This
shows the interest of innovation in the R-D departments of
several companies. A definition of innovation is mainly
attached to the time and context of its formulation; hence in
the technological context the literature proposes different
definitions. According to Nagar-Assayag and Manceau[LeN
01] innovation refers to an idea, practice or object perceived
as new by the relevant adoption unit. Then for Belski
innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas
in an organization, through the use of resources with the aim
of satisfying a need [Bel 99]. Giget has defined innovation as
a concrete implementation of a new idea. It is the completion
of the novelty, taking the step to go from the idea to its
realization [Gig 98]. Then for Amidon innovation includes
the creation, evolution, exchange and application of new
ideas to create marketable products and services for the
business and society success [Ami 97]. For Belski, Giget or
Amidon, the novelty is not enough to determine innovation,
978-1-7281-1482-8/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE
AIT TALEB Abdelmajid LASRI Larbi
Mechanical and integrated Mechanical and integrated
engineering team M2I engineering team M2I
ENSAM-Meknès ENSAM-Meknès
Meknes, Morocco Meknes, Morocco
mjidait@gmail.com lasrilarbi@yahoo.fr
and a new idea does not correspond to an innovation.
Through their definitions, they enrich the first by
emphasizing the importance of the apprehension and the
realization of the new idea. According to the authors in
product design (Pahl and Beitz 1996), a new product
generally attempts to meet contradictory objectives or to
solve the problems encountered on an existing product, in
this sense the innovation can be seen as a problem solving
process. In the context of product design innovation is
generally considered as the process of problem solving
related to product design activity. Asthe TRIZ theory
(Innovation Problem Solving Theory)is characterized by its
performance enhancing innovation in different fields. We
have been interested in this paper to present a literature
review of the theory to give a global vision on its exploitation
in the recent years. The state of the art will specify fields
integrating the theory and underline the most used tools. The
paper is closed pointing out the TRIZ main limits and its
evolution in the IT field.
II. TRIZ THEORY
A. What is TRIZ?
TRIZ is the Russian acronym of theory of inventive
problem solving. It was created and developed by
GenrichAltshullerin 1946 [Alt 84]. The theory is defined as
a set of tools for generating ideas and solving inventive
problems. It systematically explores the field of potential
solutions to a given problem, including similar solutions
applied in other areas. The theory offers tools for modeling
problems and bases of concepts of solutions [Cho 00]. It’s
characterized by the 40 innovation principles that lead to
problems resolution. The major interest of the TRIZ theory
is that it really helps to overcome psychological inertia that
blocks ideas generation. However the theory main
disadvantage of is that it does not provide the necessary
tools in the abstraction phase, to model the specific problem,
and in the specification phase to propose a specific solution.
The TRIZ limit is essentially its difficulty in identifying
parameters characterizing the problematic situation, besides
it requires a potential analysis for the problematic situation
[Roy 96].
B. The TRIZ Principal notions
Ideality
GenrishAltshuller defines the ideality of a technical
system as a ratio of the sum of the useful functions to the
sum of the harmful functions and the costs necessary for its
realization. TRIZ is looking for the ideal solution for any
system operation technical, so that all its harmful functions
are eliminated, and no longer require expenses to function,
while its main function is preserved: it is said that we have
obtained an ideal system which then has no more existence
as a system, but its useful function remains assured. This
result is referred to by G. Altshuller: Ideal Final Result [Ser
02].
Contradictions
Altshuller states that the origin of any innovation problem
is a contradiction [Cho 04], thusto specify and define a
problem is to know and precise the parameters at the origin
of this contradiction. This represent according to G.
Altshuller an essential condition for a complete problem to
be solved: "Any problem, to be solved with TRIZ, must be
formulated in such a way that it states a contradiction"[Ser
02].
Resources
Resources are all the elements belonging to the system or
existing in its environment, such as the space around it, the
existing substances and the energies with which it operates.
Resources also include all useful and harmful functions,
operating times, shutdowns, all system information, timing
and all the characteristics of the dynamic movement of the
system and its parts. The identification and use of these
resources can bring new ideas about their use, resolve
contradictions, and also guide the evolution of a product,
process or technology [Dom 02].
Technical systems evolutional laws
The evolution laws of the technical systems describe the
evolution trends of the technical systems. The research work
undertaken by Altshuller and his team on industrial products
at different times of their existence, has allowed them to
observe that technical systems develop according to an
evolution that meets well-established rules.
The result is formulated by G. Alsthuller under the
following expression: "the evolution of technical systems
strictly obeys the objective laws, and is not a random
process."Taking into consideration the technical systems
development logic can make easier inventive problems
resolution process, and even allow anticipating their
appearance [Zou 09][Alt 02].
Psychological Inertia
Habits and skills in a given field, received ideas, well-
defined formulas, representations of known things,
exclusivities of knowledge specific to a predefined field, are
the barriers that unconsciously deprive the researcher of his
creativity phases. It’s what G.Altshuller called
“psychological inertia” that appear and prevents the mind
reflecting in other directions [Cav 99]. Altshuller having
studied this issue recommends principles to overcome
psychological inertia:
 Do not believe that the solution only exist in the
expertise area,
 Promote multidisciplinary approaches,
 Use a neutral vocabulary that does not forge
overly targeted representations of what is
already known and which one seeks to
overcome.
C. TRIZ Main tools
Contradiction matrix
The matrix is the tool that helps resolving problems
modeled as a technical contradiction. It is a database of
known principles to overcome such contradictions. G.
Altshuller identified 39 technical parameters that could be
subject to contradictions. By forming a double-entry matrix
(39 rows and 39 columns). The matrix highlights all the
possible cases of technical contradictions. The lines are
dedicated to the parameters to be improved and the columns
to those deteriorated.
Physical contradictions resolution principles
The physical contradictions highlight the fact that two
opposite conditions must be satisfied. G. Altshuller has
developed eleven principles of physical contradictions
resolution. These principles are divided into four groups [tri]:
 Separation in time
 Separation in space
 Separation of the condition / function
 Separation at the system level
Standards
Inventive standards are techniques for solving problems,
presented with Substance-Field models; they represent a
pattern on how to modify the system physical structure to
solve a problem with an according Substance-Field Model.
Psychological inertia releasing tools
To overcome psychological inertia TRIZ offers the
following three main tools:
 Model with miniature dwarfs (MMD): imagine
the object as consisting of a multitude of
miniature dwarf then examine the problem from
the inside, imagining the way of working that
every miniature dwarf should adopt to remove
the problem.
 The Dimension, Time Cost operators (DTC):
Modify the designer's vision towards the
problematic situation by intensifying the
characteristics of this one, resting mainly on the
parameters dimension, temp, and cost.
 The nine screen illustration: This tool allows
observing the technical system studied in the
context of its development as past, present and
future.
III. TRIZ STATE OF THE ART
In this section, we present an overview of the research
work incorporating TRIZ. The literature presents many
works that have exploited this theory and its tools in
different studies. The purpose of this literature review is to
direct the TRIZ exploitation, while specifying the most used
tools from theory to the design field.
 TABLE. 1. LITTÉRATURE REVIEW ON TRIZ EXPLOITATION BETWEEN 2014 AND 2018

Paper title Authors Application Year of Reference

field publishing
Conceptual design of automobile engine rubber A. M. Conceptual 2018 [Aza18]
mounting composite using TRIZ-Morphological NoorAzammi, design
chart analytic network process technique
Creativity, Learning Techniques and TRIZ TizianaBertonce Enhancing 2016 [Bert16]
lli creativity
Design Support for Maintenance Tasks using TRIZ Tom Vaneker Design 2016 [Van16]
maintenance
TRIZ EvolutionaryApproach: Didactics Victor D. TRIZ 2015 [Ber15b]
Berdonosov formulation
Solving Complex Problems and TRIZ Alexander Problem solving 2015 [Czi15]
Czinkia
Effect of TRIZ on the creativity of engineering YS Chang Education- 2016 [Cha16]
students Creativity and
thinking skills
enhancement
Application of TRIZ in building industry: study of Ivan A. Renev Building 2015 [Ren15]
current situation industry
Use the Method of TRIZ in Optimizing Automated Marcel Čačoa Machine design 2017 [Čač17]
Machine for Ultrasonic Welding
Concept of the TRIZ Evolutionary Approach in Victor Education 2015 [Ber15a]
Education Berdonosov
Exploiting TRIZ Tools in Interaction Design Stefano Filippi Interaction 2014 [Fil14]
design(Contradi
ction matrix,
inventive
principles)
TRIZ as a tool to develop a TRIZ educational Pascal Sire Education- 2014 [Sir14]
method by learning it Teaching
method
development
TRIZ as an amplifier for corporate creativity and Barbara Design-Product 2016 [Gro16]
corporate innovation ability Gronauer development

Using the design for Six Sigma approach with TRIZ FK Wang Design-Product 2016 [Wan16]
for new product development development
Triz Methodology and an Application Example for Ismail Ekmekci Design-Product 2015 [Ekm15]
Product Development development
(Contradiction
matrix)
TRIZ-evolution of Programming Systems Victor Computer 2014 [Ber15c]
Berdonosov science
TRIZ-based approach for accelerating innovation in O. Abramov Chemical 2015 [Abr15]
chemical engineering engineering
Innovating problem solving for sustainable green Muhammad Ma Design- 2017 [Man17]
roofs: Potential usage of TRIZ – Theory of inventive nsoor Eco-design
problem solving (TRIZ Database
of inventive
principles)
Integrating TRIZ in project management processes: Helena V. G. Management 2014 [Nav14]
an ARIZ contribution Navas
Adaptation of TRIZ contradiction matrix for Chhabin Pokhrel Chemical 2015 [Pok15]
solving problems in process engineering engineering(
Contradiction
matrix)
Supporting ECO-innovation in SMEs by TRIZ Eco- DavideRussoa Eco-design 2015 [Rus15]
guidelines
TRIZ evolution of the Object-Oriented Victor Computer 2014 [Ber15d]
Programming Languages Berdonosov science
Crisis Situations in Engineering Product Christopher Mü Product 2016 [Mün16]
Development: A TRIZ Based Approach nzberg development
OTSM-TRIZ Games: Enhancing Creativity of Gaetano Cascini Education- 2015 [Cas15]
Engineering Students Creativity and
 thinking skills
enhancement
Knowledge based Approach for Formulating TRIZ Tiziano Design-Product 2015 [Mon15]
Contradictions Montecch development(Ph
ysical
contradictions)
Learning TRIZ: Impact on confidence when facing Jennifer Harlim Problem solving 2015 [Har15]
problems
Modelling the Conceptual Design Process with KhairulManami Design- 2015 [Kam15]
Hybridization of TRIZ Methodology and Systematic Kamarudin Conceptual
Design Approach design
A comparison of Classical TRIZ and OTSM-TRIZ Lorenzo TRIZ 2014 [Fio15]
in dealing with complex problems Fiorineschi comparison
Does TRIZ Change People? Evaluating the Impact Lilly Haines- Education- 2015 [Hai15]
of TRIZ Training within an Organisation: Gadd Creativity and
Implications for Theory and Practice thinking skills
enhancement
Applying TRIZ and AHP to develop innovative Tesheng Li Design- 2015 [Li10]
design for automated assembly systems Product
development
Surmounting a PCR challenge using a JiříDrábek Problem solving 2016 [Drá16]
Contradictory matrix from the Theory of Inventive
Problem Solving (TRIZ)
An integration of TRIZ and the systematic Murat Mayda Design- 2013 [Mur14]
approach of Pahl and Beitz for innovative Conceptual
conceptual design process design
TRIZ theory and case based reasoning: synergies Remy Houssin TRIZ 2015 [Rem15]
and oppositions comparison
Interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical Runhua Tan Education- 2014 [Tan15]
engineers in China Interactive
training
Research on application of process model for Shuiping Huang Conceptual 2017 [Hua17]
product concept creative design based on TRIZ and design
TOC
Methodology for innovative eco-design based on Ahmed Cherifi Design-Eco- 2015 [Che15]
TRIZ design(Contradi
ction matrix)
A preliminary design innovation aid methodology Hmina Khadija Education- 2018 [Hmi18]
based on energy analysis and TRIZ tools Creativity and
exploitation thinking skills
enhancement(Sc
ientific effects,
contradictions)
Printer CAD: a QFD and TRIZ integrated design D. Francia Design- 2018 [Fra18]
solution for large size open moulding manufacturing Manifacturing
The application of TRIZ on natural fibre metal N. M. Ishak Design-Machine 2018 [Ish18]
laminate to reduce the weight of the car front hood design(Contradi
ction matrix)
Search for a new design of deburring tools for Chang-Hee Cho Design-Machine 2014 [Cho14]
intersecting holes with TRIZ design(Contradi
ction matrix)
Research and application: conceptual integrated Liu Xiaomin Design-Product 2017 [Xia17]
model based on TRIZ and bionics for product development
innovation (Contradiction
matrix)
Applying the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Irene Carvalho Design- 2017 [Car17]
(TRIZ) to identify design opportunities for Eco-design
improved passenger car eco-effectiveness
How to combine term clumping and technology Yi Zhang Science and 2014 [Zha14]
roadmapping for newly emerging science & technology
technology competitive intelligence: ―problem &
solution‖ pattern based semantic TRIZ tool and
case study
Applications of TRIZ and Axiomatic Design : A Yuri Borgianni TRIZ 2016 [Bor16]
Comparison to Deduce Best Practices in Industry comparison
 IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS until 2018. The theory has known a growing and acute
exploitation in the last years. The results shown in the graph
We present in the graph below a global overview on the are based on statistics from the Science Direct research
exploitation of the TRIZ theory since its appearance in 1994 database.

250

200
Papers number

150

100

50

0
1997

2016
1994
1995
1996

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

2017
2018
Year of publication

Fig. 1. TRIZ exploitation from1994 to 2018

Based on the sample considered in the literature review, 2018. According to the graph, the two domains mainly
we present as a percentage in the figure above the integrating the TRIZ theory are the field of design, followed
distribution of works integrating TRIZ between 2014 and by the field of education-training.

5%
8%
Design
8%
Education and training
TRIZ adaptation
55% Problem solving
24% Others

Fig. 2.Percentage of studies integrating TRIZ according to exploitation field

We present on the graph below the exploitation in fields are actually the tow domains exploiting the TRIZ
percentage of the theory TRIZ according to the domains of theory in the design field.
the design. The product development field and the eco-design

5%
15% Product development
30%
Eco-design
Conceptual design
15% Machine design
Interaction design
20% Others
15%

Fig. 3.Percentage of work integrating TRIZ in the design field

 According to the sample of papers presented in the
literature review, the most used tools in most of these studies
are:
 Matrix of contradictions (Altshuller matrix) for
the resolution of technical contradictions.
 The principles of separation for the resolution
of physical contradictions.
Main difficulties exploiting TRIZ tools
The major interest of TRIZ is that it really helps to reveal
psychological inertia that leads to generate solution ideas.
However, its main weakness is that it does not offer the
necessary tools in the preprocessing phases (abstraction
phase), to model the specific problem, and post-processing
(specification phase) to find a specific solution.
The TRIZ limit is essentially the difficulty of identifying
the parameter characterizing the problematic situation
[Roy96]. In this context, studies has been developed to
underline this point.
Computerization of Theory: TRIZ-based Innovation
Support Software
In order to facilitate its exploitation and integration, the
theory in recent years has been projected on different
learning and resolution IT platforms, among which we quote:
 Creax [Creax 2004];
 Gold Fire Innovator [Tor98];
 Pro innovator [Pretium Innovation LLC 2011];
 TRIZ digital [TRIZ Digital Assistant 2011] ...
The resolution of the problems with these software is
mainly based on the exploitation of:
 The matrix of contradictions;
 The principles of separation;
 Standards.
The TRIZ computerization contributed to the theory
investigation, and facilitate its tools exploitation. Hence the
computerization performance strongly depends on the
required field and its issues.
V. CONCLUSION
Innovation has been defined and cited in the literature in
different ways. Each area according to its purposes
formulates an appropriate innovation definition and process,
constantly agreeing on the common definition of the term.
Among the most successful classified methods in solving
inventive problems is the TRIZ theory which has been
widely exploited in the field of industry, education and other
sectors. The latter that focuses on the promotion of systemic
innovation, has proposed structured knowledge through its
generic tools, its inventive principles and its standard
solutions, then the tools for releasing psychological inertia
confronted with the first stages of a problem resolution. The
performance and the variety of its tools allowed it to be well
classified compared to the classical methods, thus several
research studies put the point on the integration of the TRIZ
tools in product design field. Our research studies aims to
analyze, select and combine TRIZ tools with the traditional
design process. The purpose is to structure an innovation
support methodology for product design that could be
exploited by future designers. Through this state of the art
presented in this article we were investigating innovation
support tools and methodologies so that we can choose from
them the most suitable for our research field.
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