Indonesia

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Coordinates: 5°S 120°E

Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia (Indonesian)

Flag

National emblem

Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese)

(English: "Unity in Diversity")
National ideology: Pancasila[1][2]

Anthem: "Indonesia Raya"

(English: "Great Indonesia")

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Capital Jakarta
6°10′S 106°49′E
and largest city

Official language Indonesian

and national
language

Regional languages Over 700 languages[3]

Ethnic groups Over 1,300 ethnic groups[4]

Religion • 86.70% Islam

• 10.72% Christianity
(2018)[5]
• 1.74% Hinduism
• 0.77% Buddhism
• 0.04% Folk/Other
• 0.03% Confucianism

Demonym(s) Indonesian

Government Unitary presidential constitutional

republic

• President Joko Widodo

• Vice President Ma'ruf Amin

• House Speaker Puan Maharani

• Chief Justice Muhammad Syarifuddin

Legislature People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)

• Upper house Regional Representative Council (DPD)

• Lower house People's Representative Council (DPR)

Independence

from the Netherlands

• Proclaimed 17 August 1945

• Recognition 27 December 1949

Area

• Land 1,904,569[6] km2 (735,358 sq mi) (14th)

• Water (%) 4.85

Population

• 2020 census 270,203,917[7] (4th)

• Density 141/km2 (365.2/sq mi) (88th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate

• Total $3.507 trillion[8] (7th)

• Per capita $12,882[8] (96th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate

• Total $1.159 trillion[8] (16th)

• Per capita $4,256[8] (104th)

Gini (2019) 38.2[9]

medium

HDI (2019) 0.718[10]

high · 107th
 Currency Indonesian rupiah (Rp) (IDR)

Time zone UTC+7 to +9 (various)

Date format DD/MM/YYYY

Mains electricity 220 V–50 Hz

Driving side left

Calling code +62

ISO 3166 code ID

Internet TLD .id

Indonesia (/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of

Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] ( listen)),[a] is
a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between
the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over seventeen thousand islands,
including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is
the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569
square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With about 270 million people, Indonesia is
the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority
country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the
country's population.
Indonesia is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. It has 34
provinces, of which five have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the
world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua
New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring
countries shares a maritime border with Singapore, Vietnam,
the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands). Despite its
large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness
that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity.
The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th
century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and
the Indian subcontinent. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the
early centuries, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Sunni traders
and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Christianity was brought mostly through
European explorers. Although sometimes interrupted by the Portuguese, French and
British, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence
in the archipelago. The concept of "Indonesia" as a nation-state emerged in the early
20th century, culminating later in the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945.
However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's
sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups,
with Javanese being the largest. A shared identity has developed with the
motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by
a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority
population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. The economy of
Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest by nominal GDP and the 7th-largest by PPP. It is
a regional power and is considered a middle power in global affairs. The country is a
member of several multilateral organisations, including the United Nations, World Trade
Organization, G20, and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Association
of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit, and the Organisation of Islamic
Cooperation.