Q.1.

Considering the Infrastructure used to Detail and operate E-Commerce

globally, what copyright concerns companies have encountered in the last
decade?
Ans.

Over the past few years, global trade has expanded due to the explosive growth of electronic
commerce.

There are various legal issues associated with E-Commerce businesses. If these issues are not
taken care of in time, they can lead to serious problems for a business. Described below are some
of the common legal issues an E-Commerce business faces.

Incorporation Problem

If the company has operated merely via a website, not being incorporated is a crucial problem.
Any purchase and selling activity related to the products will be considered illegal and you can’t
claim your right in case of any fraud and corruption. Without incorporation, the business has no
shelter.

Trademark Security Problem

Not getting trademark protected is one of the main legal issues in the field of E-Commerce.
Since trademark is the company’s logo and symbol, the representation of  business all over the
web, it must be protected. If it is not secure , it won’t take long before you realize your trademark
is being infringed upon. This is very common legal issue and can become a deadly threat to  e-
business.

Copyright Protection Issue

While publishing content for  E-Commerce website, using content of any other company can be
a severe legal problem. This might mark an end to your e-business. There are many sites online
which are royalty free and allow you to access their content and images. You may use those sites
for creating web content for your business site. Even if you unintentionally used copyrighted
content, the other party can easily sue your business.

Transaction Issues

If we do not abide by the rules, we can get into serious law violation problems. If the business
fails to provide clear and complete description of the product, cost and purchase details,
information about delivery i.e. when the customer will receive products and other information
related to exchange and refunds,  Consumer Law can impose penalties on the business.
Privacy Issues

When it comes to online businesses, privacy is the major issue that can create problems both for
the business and customers. Consumers share information with businesses online and they expect
the sellers to keep their information confidential. By just one minor mistake and leakage of
valuable information of a customer, we will not only lose our potential customer but the image
and reputation will become a question mark.

Conclusion

The bursting of the dotcom bubble has made several companies realize that doing business on
the Internet is not as easy as it sounds. Undoubtedly, the power of the Internet to reach any part
of the world holds tremendous potential for enhancing international trade and boosting global
economy. However, just as every coin has a flip side, we have seen that doing business on the
Internet also has risks and legal issues associated with it. In the midst of this legal confusion,
India is one of the few countries across the globe that has enacted an E-Commerce legislation.
However, much more is needed to effectively regulate the tangled web.

Q.2
a) Identify the Key Problem CTO faced and what solution Mr. Khan opted.
How beneficial it was in terms of percentage increase in traffic?

CTO faced problems like they manually post on Pinterest, but it didn't bring any consumers or
visitors on their ecommerce site. They also installed a Shopify plugin a few months ago to
automatically submit product photographs to Pinterest . Majority of their international customers
discovered brand through Pinterest. They have a significant presence on Instagram and
Facebook.

b) Consider strong supporting evidence, pros, and cons. Is this solution

realistic or is there any other which you would have had proposed in this
situation?
 Q.3. Briefly explain the theme in the study of E-Commerce? What do you make of the
argument “The market has now turned into a market space, it is impossible to imagine a
growing market like we have today without internet”?
Theme in the study of E-Commerce
E-commerce involves three broad interrelated themes:
Technology: To understand e-commerce, you need a basic understanding of the information
technologies upon which it is built, including the Internet and the World Wide Web, and a host
of complementary technologies personal computers, local area networks, client/server
computing, packet-switched communications, protocols such as TCP/IP, Web servers, HTML,
and relational databases, among others.
Business: While technology provides the infrastructure, it is the business applications—the
potential for extraordinary returns on investment that create the interest and excitement in e-
commerce. New technologies present businesses and entrepreneurs with new ways of organizing
production and transacting business. Therefore, you also need to understand some key business
concepts such as electronic markets, information goods, business models, firm and industry
value chains, industry structure, and consumer behavior in electronic markets.
Society: Understanding the pressures that global e-commerce places on contemporary society is
critical to being successful in the e-commerce marketplace. The primary societal issues are
intellectual property, individual privacy, and public policy.

Argument
Marketplace is the traditional 'brick' store like Carrefour Hypermarket or Walmart that we all
tend to walk into, a shop with a physical existence which displays wares for sale, for us to pick
and choose from. Marketspace is the digital version of a store, a 'click' store, which allows us the
convenience of browsing through their products and doing online shopping, without physically
going anywhere, for example the Carrefour web store. The buyer in marketspace tends to be
focused on what he wants to buy and generally has sufficient information. There maybe some
security concerns about privacy and payment and it is the marketer's job to do the needful and
offer reassurance.
Q.4. Explain in detail what do you know about the cybercrimes? While considering an e
commerce business, how do you think such issues can impact a business?
Cybercrimes

Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device or a network.
While most cybercrimes are carried out in order to generate profit for the cybercriminals, some
cybercrimes are carried out against computers or devices directly to damage or disable them.
Others use computers or networks to spread malware, illegal information, images or other
materials. Some cybercrimes do both -- i.e., target computers to infect them with a computer
virus, which is then spread to other machines and, sometimes, entire networks.

Impact on business

Cyber attacks like these can damage more than a company’s brand image. Medical information,
personal banking details, and much more can also be lost.

Cybercrime effects on businesses play a big part in these numbers and continue to grow. Back in
2014, half of the small businesses reported they had been the victim of a cyberattack at least
once.

Many businesses don’t take precautions because they don’t understand the threat presented by
cybercrime or simply don’t think they are susceptible to it. An estimated one out of four small
business owners has little to no understanding of cybercrime and cyber threats. Since they lack
the desire to take preventative measures, these companies become easier targets of future attacks.

Cybercrime impacts on business can also lead to short-term problems. With a DDoS attack, your
entire company’s operations may be completely stopped until the hack has been stopped.
Because of this, smart business owners must learn about the effects of cybercrime on business
and the different kinds of attacks they should be prepared for.

Q.5. Explain the types of E-Commerce in Detail?

The following are the different types of e-commerce platforms:

Business-to-Business (B2B)
A B2B model of business involves the conduct of trade between two or more
businesses/companies. The channels of such trade generally include conventional wholesalers
and producers who are dealing with retailers.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-Consumer model of business deals with the retail aspects of e-commerce, i.e. the
sale of goods and/or services to the end consumer through digital means. The facility, which has
taken the business world by storm, enables the consumer to have a detailed look at their
proposed procurements before placing an order. After the placement of such orders, the
company/agent receiving the order will then deliver the same to the consumer in a convenient
time-span. Some of the businesses operating in this channel include well-known players like
Amazon, Flipkart, etc.

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
This business model is leveraged by a consumer for selling used goods and/or services to other
consumers through the digital medium. The transactions here are pursued through a platform
provided by a third party, the likes of which include OLX, Quickr, etc.

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
A C2B model is the exact reversal of a B2C model. While the latter is serviced to the consumer
by a business, the C2B model provides the end consumers with an opportunity to sell their
products/services to companies. The method is popular in crowdsourcing based projects, the
nature of which typically includes logo designing, sale of royalty-free photographs/media/design
elements, and so on and so forth.

Business-to-Administration (B2A)
This model enables online dealings between companies and public administration, i.e. the
Government by enabling the exchange of information through central websites. It provides
businesses with a platform to bid on government opportunities such as auctions, tenders,
application submission, etc. The scope of this model is now enhanced, thanks to the investments
made towards e-government.

Consumer-to-Administration (C2A)
The C2A platform is meant for consumers, who may use it for requesting information or posting
feedbacks concerning public sectors directly to the government authorities/administration.