4.

1 Discussion
This project was helpful for the student to get knowledge in general about the
petroleum engineer and how to calculate the pressure loss of the system as well as the
section of the optimum nozzle for the drill bit this assignment will helps allot the drilling
engineer in future. Furthermore; this project helps to solve the challenges that faced the
petroleum engineer in real life. However, in this project, the student learned how to deal
with errors and converted to the advantage and overcome with better results.
First of all, it has been collecting all the data required to design the system, the
data which has been calculating those partners are flow rate, hours overpressure at
surface and the pumps efficiency which is 80%. The flow rate has been found from the
table 3.1. Moreover, the surface pressure has been calculating from the graph which is
versus the flow rate for minimum and maximum.
which is selected based on the bit dimeters. After founding the flow rate was easy
to found the Hp. After that it has been obtained the location for the depth to drill based
on the water saturation map and the porosity
Moreover, after getting all the data required has been calculated the pressure loss
for the system based on the pore pressure graph, it has calculating the pressure loss for
the drill pipe, drill collier and the cased hole annulus, and the total loss.
Secondly, it has been calculating the optimum nozzle for surface casing
intermediate casing and the production casing. The optimization of bit hydraulics
increases the penetration rate and improves the cleaning action at the hole bottom. There
is controversy as to whether maximization of hydraulic horsepower or impact force
produces the best results. The program utilizes both optimization method. Actually, both
theories provide almost the same results. If hydraulic horsepower is maximum, the jet
impact force will be 80% - of the maximum and vice versa.
It is sometimes desired to estimate the proper pump operating conditions and
nozzle sizes for hydraulics optimization during the planning phase of the well. The data
required for planning include mud program, hole geometry, and assumed flow rate.
Based on frictional pressure drop, the program calculates the optimum hydraulics based
on either the maximum jet impact force or maximum hydraulic horsepower criterion.
 From the given data the optimum mud flow rates and the nozzle sizes should be
designed for drilling at various depths until the end of the section. The nozzle areas of
hydraulics horsepower for surface casing was (5.944)/32 in. Last but not less this
assignment was helpful for student to get knowledge about the drilling hydraulics.