Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT

UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com

HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Example 8:

Find: I=  e x cos xdx , J=  e x sin xdx

Solution 1:

I=  e x cos xdx J=  e x sin xdx

  cos xde x   sin xde x

 e x cos x   e x d cos x  e x sin x   e x d sin x
 e x cos x   e x sin xd x  e x sin x   e x cos xd x
 e x cos x   sin xde x  e x sin x   cos xde x
 e x cos x  e x sin x   e x d sin x  e x sin x  e x cos x   e x d cos x
 e x cos x  e x sin x   e x cos xd x  e x sin x  e x cos x   e x sin xd x
 e x cos x  e x sin x  I  e x sin x  e x cos x  J
I  e x cos x  e x sin x  I J  e x sin x  e x cos x  J
2 I  e x cos x  e x sin x 2 J  e x sin x  e x cos x
e x cos x  e x sin x e x (cos x  sin x) e x sin x  e x cos x e x (sin x  cos x)
I   C1 J   C2
2 2 2 2
e x (cos x  sin x) e x (sin x  cos x)
I   e cos xdx 
x
 C1 J   e sin xdx 
x
 C2
2 2

Solution 2:(complex number method)

I+iJ= e cos xdx +i  e x sin xdx

x

=  e x (cos x  i sin x)dx

=  e x eix dx =  e(1 i) x dx

e(1 i ) x
= +C
1 i
(1  i)e x (cos x  i sin x)
= +C
2
e x (cos x  sin x) e x (sin x  cos x)
I=Real part=  C1 , J=Imaginary part=  C2
2 2
Example 9: e
x
cos2 x dx

Let u  cos2 x   du  2 sin 2 x dx

Let dv  e x dx  v  e x

Then e
x
cos2 x dx = e x cos2 x    2e x sin 2 x dx  e x cos2 x   2 e x sin 2 x dx

Apply integration by parts again on the integral on the right hand side.
Let u  sin 2 x   du  2 cos2 x 
Let dv  e x dx  v  e x
Then

e
x
 
cos2 x dx e x cos2 x   2 e x sin 2 x   2 e x cos2 x dx  e x cos2 x   2e x sin 2 x   4 e x cos2 x dx

Note the appearance of a constant multiple of the original integral on the right hand side. Transfer it to
the left hand side and apply the fundamental theorem of calculus to add up the two integrals and we

get 5 e x cos2 x dx  e x cos2 x   2e x sin 2 x   C . Divide both sides by 5 and we get the solution of the

integral as e
x
cos2 x dx 
1 x
5

e cos2 x   2e x sin 2 x   C 
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Make a Substitution and Then Apply Integration By Parts

 x e dx
2
Example 10: 5 x

Substitute w  x 2  dw  2 xdx
dw 1
x e dx   w 2 e w   w 2 e w dw
x2
Then 5

2 2
1
Now we work on the integral
2  w 2 e w dw and apply integration by parts to evaluate it.

Let u  w 2  du  2wdw
Let dv  e w dw  v  e w

 w e dw  e w  2 e wdw
2 2 w 2 w

 e w  2 wde
w 2 w

 e w  2we   e dw
w 2 w w

w e
2 w
dw  e w w 2  2 we w  e w  
1
x e dx  
x2
Thus 5
w 2 e w dw
2


2

1 w 2
e w  2 e w wdw 
 
1 w 2
2

e w  2 we w  e w 


2

1 x2 4

e x  2 x 2e x  e x  C
2 2
 
 Proofs Using Integration by Parts
n 1
 cos x dx  n sin x cos x   n  cos x dx, n  2
1 n 1 n2
Example 11: Prove n

 cosx cos x dx .

n 1
Solution: The integral can be written as

Let u  cosn1 x   du  n  1cosn2 x sin x dx

Let dv  cosx dx  v  sin x 

 cosx cos x dx  sin  x  cos n 1  x   n  1 sin 2  x  cos n  2  x dx

n 1
Then

 
 sin x  cos n 1  x   n  1 1  cos 2 x  cos n  2 x dx


 sin x  cos n 1  x   n  1 cos n  2  x   cos n  x  dx

 sin  x  cos n 1  x   n  1 cos n  2 x dx  n  1 cos n x dx

 cos x dx  sin x cos x   n  1 cos x dx  n  1 cos x dx
n 1 n2
Thus, we have n n

n  1  1 cos n x dx  sin x  cos n1 x   n  1 cos n2 x dx

n 1
 cos x dx  n sin x cos x   n  cos x dx
n 1 n 1 n2
 Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT
UC Math MA, HKU Chemist hinwahk@gmail.com
HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

HKDSE M2 Sample Question:

dy
The slope at any point (x, y) of a curve is given by  2xln(x 2  1) . It is given that the curve passes
dx
through the point (0, 1). Find the equation of the curve.
(4 marks)
Solution:

 dy   2xln(x 2  1) dx
y x

1 0

y  1   ln(x 2  1) d (x 2  1)
x

0
x 2 1
y 1   ln tdt
1

y  1  t ln t 1
x 2 1

x 2 1
tdln t
1
x 2 1 t
y  1  ( x 2  1)ln ( x 2  1)   dt
1 t
x 2 1
y  1  ( x 2  1)ln ( x 2  1)   dt
1

y  1  ( x 2  1)ln ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1) - 1  
y  1  ( x  1)ln ( x  1)  x
2 2 2

y  (x 2  1)ln(x 2  1)  x 2  1
Your Turn!
1. Solve the following integrals using integration by parts. If an integral can be solved using both
integration by parts and substitutions technique, then solve it using both the method

a.  t sin 2t dt

b. x
2
cosmx dx

 ln x  dx
2
c.

d. e

cos2 d

ln x 
e.  x2
dx

dx
f.  x lnx 
g.  cosx ln sin x dx
x3
2. Integrate  4  x2
dx

x
i. By parts, letting dv  dx
4  x2
ii. By substitution, letting u  4  x 2
4
3. First make a substitution and then use integration by parts to evaluate the integral e
x
dx
1

n 1
 ln x  dx  xln x   n ln x 
n
4. Use integration by parts to prove the following formula:
n
dx

5. Calculate x ln( x)dx .

5