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Two new species of Trichoptera from

Salto Encantado Provincial Park
(Misiones Province, Argentina)
a a
Elisa B. Angrisano & Julieta V. Sganga
a
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos
Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published online: 17 Nov 2009.

To cite this article: Elisa B. Angrisano & Julieta V. Sganga (2009) Two new species of Trichoptera
from Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones Province, Argentina), Aquatic Insects: International
Journal of Freshwater Entomology, 31:4, 271-278, DOI: 10.1080/01650420903113729

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420903113729

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 Aquatic Insects
Vol. 31, No. 4, December 2009, 271–278

Two new species of Trichoptera from Salto Encantado Provincial Park

(Misiones Province, Argentina)
Elisa B. Angrisano and Julieta V. Sganga*

Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y

Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
(Received 24 July 2008; final version received 20 May 2009)

As a result of a survey carried out in Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones

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Province, Argentina) between 2004 and 2008, two new species of Tricoptera,
Polycentropus aguyje sp. n. (Polycentropodidae) and Oecetis acarati sp. n.
(Leptoceridae), are described and illustrated.
Keywords: Trichoptera; Polycentropodidae; Polycentropus aguyje sp. n.;
Leptoceridae; Oecetis acarati sp. n.; Neotropical

Introduction
The aim of this work is to describe two new species of Trichoptera from Salto
Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones Province) collected between the years 2004
and 2008, and to give useful characters for their recognition.
Although the province of Misiones has a rich and abundant fauna, systematic
novelties are frequently found, reinforcing the fact that knowledge of the biodiversity
in the northeast part of Argentina remains incomplete. To add to this knowledge,
periodic sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates was performed in Salto Encantado
Provincial Park, a rain-forested, mountainous area, free of pollution, located in the
centre of the province.
The genera Polycentropus Curtis (Annulipalpia: Polycentropodidae) and Oecetis
McLachlan (Integripalpia: Leptoceridae) are widely represented in all the faunistic
regions of the world, and contain a large number of species.
The former genus has imprecise limits; for example species described as
Polycentropus, as regards different criteria, frequently have been interpreted as
Polyplectropus, and vice versa. Moreover, species with intermediate characteristics
between them have been described (Hamilton and Holzenthal 2005), making
necessary a worldwide revision of the species involved.
The characters used to distinguish the species of Polycentropus and Poly-
plectropus are the presence or absence of fork I in both pairs of wings, Cu2 more
or less arched or deeply curved, and the fusion of anal veins (Bueno-Soria
and Hamilton 1986; Bueno-Soria 1990; Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal

*Corresponding author. Email: jsganga@bg.fcen.uba.ar

ISSN 0165-0424 print/ISSN 1744-4152 online

Ó 2009 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/01650420903113729
http://www.informaworld.com
 272 E.B. Angrisano and J.V. Sganga

2004; Hamilton and Holzenthal 2005). Flint (1996), in his key for Polycentropo-
didae, separates the species of Polycentropus from those of Polyplectropus because in
the former, R2 is present in the hind wings in all the Neotropical species, whereas in
the species of Polyplectropus, R2 and R3 are fused in the hind wings in all the
Neotropical species, except those of Chile and the Antilles.
There are 74 Neotropical species and about 160 species of Polycentropus
described worldwide (Flint, Holzenthal and Harris 1999; Chamorro-Lacayo 2003;
Holzenthal and de Almeida 2003; Flint and Sykora 2004; Hamilton and Holzenthal
2005). In America they are distributed from Canada to central Argentina.
They are usually found in streams with moderate current speed or in
riffles, and are associated with the vegetation on the banks. The larvae construct
nets and retreats which are used to capture small prey. In some species, which
were reared in the laboratory, the retreats have silken threads radiating in
different directions from the ends of the retreat. The vibration of the threads
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caused by the touch of prey alerts the larva, which leaves the retreat in order to
capture it.
The genus Oecetis (Leptoceridae: Leptocerini: Oecetini) contains about 28
Neotropical species. It is found all over America, with the exception of Chile.
The larvae inhabit environments with slow or fast current speed. Many of the
species collected in Salto Encantado Provincial Park were found in riffles and falls,
but sheltered between rocks or vegetation in areas with slower current velocities. The
larvae have a predatory feeding mode, and they build portable cases made of
different materials which are usually arranged helicoidally.

Materials and methods

From 2004 to 2008, samples were collected periodically in Salto Encantado del Valle
del Cuñá-Pirú Provincial Park (Misiones Province, Argentina), using light and
interception (Malaise) traps. Specimens were fixed in situ with 80% ethyl alcohol or
transported in cotton ‘‘beds’’ to the laboratory.
Methods used in the preparation of specimens are similar to those discussed in
Angrisano and Korob (2001). Genitalia of specimens were cleared in 10% NaOH
heated for several minutes, then the cuticle was rinsed in distilled water, neutralised
with phenol, and mounted in Fauré medium or glycerine.
To examine the wing venation, wings were extended on a slide using alcohol
as medium; because the venation can be better observed when the wing is dry,
the alcohol was left to evaporate before observation under a stereomicroscope.
Type material is deposited at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.

Taxonomy
Family Polycentropodidae

Polycentropus aguyje Angrisano & Sganga sp. n. (Figures 1–6, 15–18)

Material examined. Holotype <: Argentina, Misiones province, Salto Encantado Provincial
Park, 8–14.i.2006, Angrisano & Bravo col; paratype <: Salto Encantado Provincial Park,
tributary of Arroyo Cuñá-Pirú, 278030 47600 S, 548580 85700 W, Malaise trap, 10–13.iii.2008,
Angrisano & Sganga col.
 Aquatic Insects 273
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Figures 1–6. Polycentropus aguyje sp.n. (1) Forewing; (2) hind wing; (3, 4, 5) male genitalia,
ventral, dorsal and lateral views; (6) phallus, lateral view.

Males
Body colouration (in alcohol) brownish-grey. Tibial spur formula: 3–3–4 (Figure 15).
Length of forewings 6 mm. Forewings with fork I present (R2 separated from
R3), Cu2 curved before edge of wing, anal veins joined in middle of anal field
(Figure 1). Hind wings with fork I present, A1 and A2 fused before margin of wing
(Figure 2).
Abdominal segment VII annular and lightly sclerotised.
Segment VIII annular, venter short, less than half length of tergum, which is
approximately same length as segment VII (Figure 5).
 274 E.B. Angrisano and J.V. Sganga

Segment IX sclerotised ventrally, membranous dorsally, triangular in lateral view

(wider at posterior end), pentagonal and lightly excavated anteriorly in ventral view,
surrounded by sternum VIII (Figures 3–5).
Inferior appendages subquadrangular, wide, extending ventral and lateroven-
trally, with U-shaped indentation in midline; deeply arched point directed to midline
arises from its lateroposterior edge, in ventral view this point is clearly visible behind
and dorsal to appendages (Figures 3–5).
Preanal appendages (cerci) quadrangular; with intermediate appendages
(following terminology of Hamilton 1987) long and thin, sclerotised and deeply
arched ventrad, and crossing in midline in specimens without alkali treatment
(Figures 3–5, 16).
Two long, membranous, setigerous lobes are located at both sides of phallus.
Phallus tubular, very short, with a ventral beak-like process; endophallus with a
sclerotised plate, without spines or stout setae (Figures 6, 17 and 18).
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Abdominal segment X membranous.

Affinities
This species may belong to the gertschi group defined by Hamilton (1986), due to the
presence of an apicoventral process in the phallobase, the intermediate appendage
articulating basomesally on the preanal appendage, and the presence of a sclerite in
the membrane below and around the phallus that appears to support and guide this
organ.
Due to the lack of spines in the phallus, this species seems to be related to those
of the jorgenseni complex being more closely related to P. sarandi Angrisano 1994,
from Uruguay. P. sarandi differs from the new species in the venation of the wings,
forewings with Sc and R1 free to edge of wing and hind wings with anal veins
separated throughout its extension, preanal appendages elongate, and the presence
of a pair of straight intermediate appendages.

Etymology
The species epithet is derived from the indigenous Guaranı´ word aguyje, which means
thanks, as acknowledgement to the forest rangers who collaborated in the field
throughout the course of the present investigation.

Family Leptoceridae
Oecetis acarati Angrisano & Sganga sp. n. (Figures 7–14, 19)
Material examined. Holotype <: Argentina, Misiones province, Salto Encantado Provincial
Park, tributary of Arroyo Cuñá-Pirú, 278030 47600 S, 548580 85700 W, Angrisano & Bravo col.
Paratypes: same data as the holotype, 3 < and 2 ,; Salto Encantado Provincial Park, Salto
Acutı́, Malaise trap, 8–14.i.2006, Angrisano & Bravo col., 4 < and 2 ,.

Body length 8 mm. Length of forewings 6.8 mm. Tibial spur formula: 1–2–2.
Colouration of body (in alcohol) stramineous. Hyaline wings with spots
on transverse veins; posterior border of hind wings with long, black setae, which
are very conspicuous at rest, with wings folded, laying on dorsum of abdomen.
These setae, which are as long as the mesal portion of the wings, can be seen,
 Aquatic Insects 275
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Figures 7–14. Oecetis acarati sp.n. (7) Forewing; (8) hind wing; (9) male genitalia, ventral
view, (10) phallus; (11, 12) male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views; (13, 14) female genitalia,
ventral and lateral views.

due to the transparency of the wings, as a black dorsal stripe on the abdomen
(Figure 19).
Forewings relatively wide compared with those of other species in genus; R2 and
R3 branching at s; thyridial cell long, approximately seven times its width (Figure 7).
Veins of hind wings branching far from margin of wing (Figure 8).

Males
Abdominal segment IX annular, narrow, ventrally sclerotised, gradually more
membranous towards dorsum. Laterodorsal margin with long, deeply curved,
sclerotised process. Inferior appendages wide basally, tapered towards the apex
(Figures 9 and 12).
 276 E.B. Angrisano and J.V. Sganga
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Figures 15–19. (15–18) Polycentropus aguyje sp. n. (15) Adult, lateral view; (16) male
genitalia, ventroapical view; (17, 18) phallus, lateral and dorsal views. (19) Oecetis acarati
sp. n., adult, lateral view.

Cerci long and thin, almost 5–6 times their width (Figures 11 and 12).
Segment X almost completely membranous, apically cleft, with an odd, mesal,
thin lobe arising from its base; below it, two membranous lobes arise laterodorsally
to phallus (Figure 11).
Phallus short, bent ventrad at 908 at midpoint; endophallus with long, sclerotised
sheets; the endophallus was invaginated in specimens examined (Figure 10).

Females
Abdominal segment VIII with concave and posteriorly round subgenital plate,
resembling half a spoon. Segment IX short, with short preanal appendages (cerci),
conical in dorsal view; subgenital lobes large, suboval, widened posteriorly,
 Aquatic Insects 277

resembling a golf club. Vaginal sclerites trilobated, internal vaginal apparatus wide
and complex (Figures 13 and 14).

Affinities
This species can be distinguished from the other Neotropical species in the genus due
to the laterodorsal process of segment IX.
It seems to be related to O. rafaeli Flint from Brazil that apparently has little
affinity with the rest of the known Neotropical species (Flint 1991).
Oecetis rafaeli and O. acarati sp. n. share the venation of the forewings, the shape
of segment IX with the presence of a laterodorsal process in this segment, and
segment X cleft apically.
Oecetis rafaeli differs from the new species in the venation of the hind wings, the
shape of the laterodorsal process of segment IX that is almost straight, the preanal
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appendages that are short and wide, and the inferior appendages that are
subtriangular in lateral view.

Habitat
The specimens were captured with Malaise traps, placed on a stream with
low current speed and closed canopy where the sunlight does not reach the stream.

Etymology
The species epithet is derived from the indigenous Guaranı´ word akâratıˆ that means
‘‘with horns’’.

Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to the forest rangers from Salto Encantado Provincial Park, especially
Ricardo Escobar, Raul Abramson, Julio Dosantos, and Fabio Malosch, for their kindness and
field assistance throughout the course of the investigation. We also thank the Ministerio de
Ecologı́a y Recursos Naturales Renovables from Misiones province for their support and for
providing the permits to sample in the protected areas. This project received financial support
from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Cientı́fica y Tecnológica (PICT 2002–12348). JVS was
supported by a Graduate Fellowship from CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Cientı́ficas y Técnicas).

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