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Capoeira Basics
Capoeira Basics
Let me tell you that I am just a beginner in the art of Capoeira; I've been studying for half a
year so far and maybe the whole section is utter crap in the eyes of an experienced Capoeirista.
This page is designed for newbies who want a brief insight, it's nowhere intended to be some
sort of reference material. Nevertheless I would appreciate any feedback on this particular
section; come on, let me know!
General Rules:
• In Capoeira you don't try to beat the shit out of your opponent. The other one is not
your enemy, he is your friend, and both of you try to keep the game going. Therefore
no bleeding noses please.
• No active blocking in Capoeira; instead try to be evasive. When the pace of the game
increases, get some distance between yourself and your fellow (at least in Regional).
• Don't be predictable. That may sound hackneyed, but since Malandragem (dirty tricks)
is accepted and widely welcomed among Capoeiristas, you can easily get tricked into
some serious trouble. Be creative and let the music take controhoholl.
Ginga: the most basic movement of Capoeira. Instead of taking a fixed stance, you have to
keep moving all the time; all the other moves derrive from this dance-like pattern. Ginga
becomes soon second nature and provides great potential for unpredictable 3D movement and
fake attacks.
Handstand: practice practice practice! It's very stylish and part of many defensive/offensive
movements. If you never ever tried it, start with swinging up at a wall. Don't look at your
hands, keep your eyes on the opposite wall instead. Once you get the feeling for it, try a
handstand without support. If you are about to topple over, lift one hand and find your balance
again. Occasionally that won't work; then try to roll over or -even better- lift one palm, use
your other hand as a pivot and gently step down in the opposite direction.(example: lift your
left hand, turn clockwise for 180 degrees, put it down again, lower one leg, touch the ground,
lower the other leg, get up and always keep smiling:). No problem you say? Then try to...
Queda de Rins: "stand on the kidneys". Begin as if you wanted to go into a headstand;
crouch. Turn both your knees that they face your right elbow. Shift your weight over your left
hand, then lower your head. Place the area above your left hip on your left elbow and let the
left side of your head touch the ground. Slowly raise your legs and put your right knee at your
right elbow to a rest. Both legs are now drawn up.
• Common Au: I
assume
everyone knows
how to do this.
In Capoeira
remember to
keep eye contact
with your
partner; don't
ever look at
your hands. At
first, don't stay too long on both of your hands; try to have only one hand at a time on
the ground. Later on you can try to delay the movement or even to freeze in handstand
position. Always be prepared to get knocked down by a Cabecada or Bênção.
• Small Au: Not so flashy but much more safe. Put your hands further apart, move your
head closer to the ground, keep your knees bent and work strongly with your hips to
shift your body's center of gravity over your head.
• Au with spin: Start an Au to your left side until you reach handstand position. There
take off your left hand and spin on your right hand in clockwise direction. After
turning ~270 degrees, go down as shown in the diagramm. This is a cute style move
that leaves you open for a brief moment, so try to do it quickly (It shouldn't take more
time than an ordinary cartwheel).
• Au into Queda de Rins roll: Do an Au. When you pass through the handstand position,
drop down into a Queda de Rins and roll over. You will end up in negativa position. If
you like to watch the difficult part of the exercise, take a look at my private homepage.
In the upper right-hand corner you can see a 'Macaco into Queda de Rins roll'
animation.
This kind of the Negativa is fundamental to Capoeira play in general. However, there's a
variant that is used exclusively in Capoeira Angola...
This is basically an
ordinary Rolê but
with a Meia Lua de
Compasso tossed in. Easier to do if you are further away, so you can role towards your partner
instead of escaping him. Just think of a Rolê where you strike with the heel of the leg that was
stretched in the Negativa. Here's the description for the proper execution of a Meia Lua de
Compasso.
Chapa de Costas: Move of Capoeira
Angola. Do it of the Role, Queda de
Rins, from the Rabo de Arraia etc.
Aim for the groin or head. If the other
one is far off, don't simply strech your
leg but work with your arms and
standing leg as well to achieve a long
range.
Negativa (Takedown): By
employing the Negativa you
can elude your partner's kick as
well as let him kiss the ground.
Simply bend one knee and dive
away in the direction the kick
goes. Make sure you upper
body half is really deep down;
your bent knee should be the highest part of your body. Slide with your other leg behind your
opponent's pivot leg and hook in there. When the kick has passed by, shift your weight over
your hands and jump into straddle position; the hands remain on the floor. If you did it right,
you pulled away your partner's foot and sent him down.
S-Dobrado: S-
Dobrado is a
generic term; this
technique allows
dozens of
variations. To
perform this kick from the Ginga simply grab the ground with your left hand; dive down on
your left leg and pull the other one in a circular motion around in front of you (Alternatively
to the Escopado you can also opt for a Rasteira now). Then shift your weight over your right
hand and drag up your right hip in one continuous, fluid motion (scribble no.3). At this point
you may decide either to continue the Escopado or to jump a Macaco (Be creative: I like
doing an Escopado-into-Macaco-into-headstand). For the Escopado keep your hips wide open,
don't ever bend your hips! Pull your right hip up, then let it gently float to the right and put
your right foot finally down in front of you. The kick itself is executed with the left leg which
is dragged behind the rest rest of your body. Remember to hit with the instep. If done right,
the striking leg will fly by and you can turn further to face your partner again. The whole
sequence consists of one single fluid motion; until the very end, your right leg never touches
the ground. Keep the movement round, avoid any edges.
Armada: The
standard standing
spin kick in
Capoeira. It is a
crossing between the
Mei Lua de
Compasso (rotation)
and the Queixada
(hitting area, posture). As usual, start from the Ginga. Turn inwards on your heels (or foot
balls); rotate for 270 degrees on your rear leg and for 180 degrees on your front leg. Now
quickly throw your upper body around until you see your partner again. You will lose eye
contact with him for this moment, so get this part over quickly. Once you can't twist your
torso any further, release the tension by linting your rear leg; it should get dragged along very
fast as your body is untwisting. This kick is performed with the hitting leg's foot pointing
straight up (The same applies to the Meia Lua de Frente and the Queixada). Put your foot at
rest in the same position you started with. You can now follow up with further Armadas,
Queixadas in the opposite direction, Meia Lua de Compassos etc.
Martelo Rotado:
Compare it to the
Rolê+Martelo move
described somewhere
above. Basically you
do the Martelo but
pull your leg violently
through and slam it
into the ground right
behind you. This kick
has to be done fast
and with force; it's not
very good to start
with when both you
and your partner just
ginga but if you want to have the last word in a frenzy exchange of kicks throw the move as
fast as you can. Still don't overuse it, stick rather to Armadas and Meia Luas for setting up a
game of call and response.
First, lift up your knee. Then turn on your foot ball while stretching out your kicking leg, gain
momentum by pulling with your hips. Wave your arms around the other way (compare pic 3
to pic 4). Study the Martelo explanation above. Instead of putting the leg down you pull it
powerfully down to the ground behind you, accelarating all the way. Keep your head at facing
your partner until the kicking leg rests on the floor. Now throw your upper body around
(untwisting your torso, pic 7) and go back into the Ginga. Although this expanation makes the
move sound rather stiff it's a very smooth and fluid motion with no stop in between. Try to get
it technically right, then work on speed.
Martelo Rotado
(jumping):Now
the common
jump kick of
Capoeira, the
Martelo Rotado.
Not too difficult
if you practiced
the other kicks
before. Stick to
the first line of
pictures first.
You start as if
you did an
Armada- do
everything as described there; twist your upper body so that you get your partner back into
view and to generate lots of tension. Unleash the tension by taking off your first leg (the
kicking one if you did an Armada). However, keep it bent now. Lean back a little with your
torso and jump off with your support leg. Open your hips on the side of your second leg, don't
bend them there. As you spin around, the second leg gets dragged behind. Since it is the
kicking leg, try to execute the strike in the same way as with the standing Martelo Rotado.
Keep it bent at first, then pull it powerfully around (where it gets stretched and hits like a
whip). Hit with the instep- watch the descriptions of the normal Martelo. Don't kick with your
foot pointing up (like Armada, Meia Lua de Frente etc.). Now while the second leg flies
around you gently land on your first leg. Pull down your second leg and put it to rest behind.
Rotate (both feet now grounded) till you face your partner again.
Note: 1. In the picture the kick is executed in the opposite direction compared to the scribble
of the standing Martelo Rotado. Don't let that confuse you. 2. Because of the arrangement of
frames one could believe that you have to jump far to the front.. Don't travel too far, it's better
to stay stationary (still depends on situation).
The second line shows a one-legged MR. This one is quite hard: You have to jump really high
and delay the rotation as long as possible. You lean back even a little more. Then when you
reach the apex/peak, you have to pull off the kick so violently that you complete the rotation
still in the air. Now you land on your kicking leg first which by now has overtaken your first
one.
Tesoura:
translates as
'Scissors'. The idea
is to trap the other
player between
your legs and lever
him over. Step
with your left foot beside your partner's right foot and cross your other leg behind; this
resembles the inital Vingativa position except that your legs get crossed and you plant your
feet just the other way round. Your upper body is facing rather downwards, but your head
keeps looking at the opponent. The right hand stays firmly on the ground, the left hand can be
also put down if you like to. Get your crotch(?) really close to your partner's leg, because the
throw works better when performed with the thighs rather than with the lower legs. Once you
are properly aligned, throw your left arm fiercely around. This should make your upper body
and finally your hips and legs rotate to your left (counter-clockwise). Now your partner
should start to fall over behind. Rotate further on until your left hand touches the ground; lift
off your right hand and do the rolê over your partner's stomach. If he struggling to get free
you may nail him with your left knee in his belly and fake a knee strike (right leg) at his face
(last picture). The player who gets thrown with a Tesoura is advised to make the fall as soft as
possible and to cross his arms in some distance in front of his face because of a possible
incoming Joelhada (knee blow).
Once you master this move and your partner got accustomed
to the many hard falls, you should try to jump in with a
Tesoura. This is much more safe to you because if you do it
the other way your victim could hurt your tripping leg during
the fall, crushing on the knee from above at a bad angle etc.
The move stays basically the same, although your right leg doesn't touch the ground at all. In
this case the right leg flies straight at the back of the knees while your left leg is aiming at the
stomach area. Mind you this is elegant yet very rough if not applied properly, so do it with
caution and only if your partner can deal with such a situation.
(A) Tesoura from standing (B) Tesoura jumped in (recommended)
Tesoura Angola:
Better don't do this
move in a Roda of
Capoeira Regional
unless you like
getting jumped in
the back from
above.. This
version of the
Tesoura is a good example for the playfulness of Capoeira Angola. Although you might use it
for quickly approaching your partner and throwing him with the scissors move described
above, it's rather a challenge you propose to your partner. You may start the motion from
wherever you like, but Queda de Rins, de Tres or de Quatro are all good occasions. Spread
you legs a little and face the floor with your front. The only body parts that make contact with
the ground are your feet and your hands. Let your body hang through but nevertheless keep up
some tension. Now turn your chest to one side so that your body gets twisted down to your
hips. Watch your fellow Capoeirista over your shoulder and push yourself in his direction
with the help of your hands. Your feet slide across the floor in an attempt of trapping your
partner between them. Your further actions depend on your opponent's reaction:
To him the most obvious way of escaping is making an Au to your backside; cause that's
where your eyes can't follow him easily. If he does the Au to your front side, kick him
Bênção-like with your lower lying leg. Or try to catch him with with a Cabecada, either way.
If he tries to flee through the backdoor (watch diagramm) you can get on him by rotating your
body on one hand and the lower lying leg; pull your higher leg through underneath and aim
your kick him at the stomach/chest area (3rd picture). Alternatively try a Cabecada, but then
timing may be critical.
Another nice method of countering the Tesoura Angola is sliding through between the
attacker's legs with legs first (I forgot drawing a picture, perhaps next time). It's executed in a
similar fashion to the TA, yet legs are closed so you fit through. Mean people lift their heels
when their feet pass by underneath the attacker's face, others like to get up violently. I have
even seen an advanced player rolling over the attacker's back when he got approached by a
Tesoura Angola, but that had been a joking Roda anyway:)
Backflip: I didn't
learn this move at
Capoeira, I adapted
it from the lessons I
had in gymnastics.
Still it's a nice way to enter a Roda, following an Au or Macaco or doing it on its own. Mind
you this transcends Capoeira Basics, there's a high risk of injury if you don't take proper
precautions. Ask two friends for help and try this out on a soft mat in a gym hall.
Stand straight, keep your arms stretched in front of you. Now sit down as if there were a chair
behind you. Very important: don't move your knees forward, keep your lower legs at exactly
the same position, just move your thighs. Your upper body shifts back- and downwards but
remains perpendicular to the ground. At the same time, swing your stretched arms down and
behind (see diagramm). Once your posture consists of two 90 deg. angles (hips, knees), do the
following actions at the same time:
1. reverse the swing of your arms, throw them from behind in a wide circle far over your head.
Do it really fiercly, because it's the only way to gain the necessary rotation. Throw your arms
back as far as possible, keep them stretched at all costs, and throw your head back as well
(you should see where you land after all).
2. Stretch out your legs as quickly as possible. The main power for jumping off doesn't come
from your feet but from your thighs, the sudden burst should travel straight through your legs
into your heels.
If you did right the above, everything left is pretty obvious: you land on your hands but the
rotational power pulls your legs down (either one after the other or both at the same time).
Common follow ups are further backflips or backwards somersaults.
For training purposes get yourself a soft and a hard gym mat. Place them in such a way that
you jump off from the hard one but land with your hands on the soft one. Have a friend at
each side of yours who grabs you at your back (>support) and under your thighs (>rotation).
At your first try let your friends do all the work; fall backwards and let them carry your whole
weight. They should put you gently down in handstand position. With every further try jump
off a little more until you need no active support from your friends anymore. It's hard work
but can be mastered; Today I do it on concrete one after the other, yet I don't dare to finish
with a somerault yet:]
Please do this really carefully, I don't want to feel guilty for any accidents of yours. Thanx.