NAME: JOHN NICHOL N.

GUERRA SUBJECT: AC AND DC MACHINERY

SECTION: BSME-3C INSTRUCTOR: EDUARDO CABANTING

A. Give three things that you expect you will learn in this module.

1. In this module I expect to learn more about AC and DC CIRCUITS.

2. I expect also that I will learn about generators.
3. Lastly, I am expecting that I will learn about transformers.

B. Answer the following:

1. Please explain the Magnetic Circuit.

The closed path followed by magnetic lines of forces is called

the magnetic circuit. In the magnetic circuit, magnetic flux or magnetic lines of
force starts from a point and ends at the same point after completing its path.
Flux is generated by magnets, it can be a permanent magnet or
electromagnets. A magnetic circuit is made up of magnetic materials having
high permeability such as iron, soft steel, etc. Magnetic circuits are used in
various devices like electric motor, transformers, relays, generators
galvanometer, etc.

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths

containing a magnetic flux. The flux is usually generated by permanent
magnets or electromagnets and confined to the path by magnetic
cores consisting of ferromagnetic materials like iron, although there may be air
gaps or other materials in the path. Magnetic circuits are employed to efficiently
channel magnetic fields in many devices such as electric
motors, generators, transformers, relays,
lifting electromagnets, SQUIDs, galvanometers, and magnetic recording heads.
The concept of a "magnetic circuit" exploits a one-to-one correspondence
between the equations of the magnetic field in an unsaturatedferromagnetic
material to that of an electrical circuit. Using this concept the magnetic fields of
complex devices such as transformers can be quickly solved using the methods
and techniques developed for electrical circuits.

Some examples of magnetic circuits are:

 horseshoe magnet with iron keeper (low-reluctance circuit)
 horseshoe magnet with no keeper (high-reluctance circuit)
 electric motor (variable-reluctance circuit)
 some types of pickup cartridge (variable-reluctance circuits)
NAME: JOHN NICHOL N. GUERRA SUBJECT: AC AND DC MACHINERY
SECTION: BSME-3C INSTRUCTOR: EDUARDO CABANTING

2. What is reluctance?

Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis

of magnetic circuits. It is defined as the ratio of magnetomotive force (mmf)
to magnetic flux. It represents the opposition to magnetic flux, and depends on
the geometry and composition of an object. Magnetic reluctance in a
magnetic circuit is analogous to electrical resistance in an electrical circuit in
that resistance is a measure of the opposition to the electric current. The
definition of magnetic reluctance is analogous to Ohm's law in this respect.
However, magnetic flux passing through a reluctance does not give rise to
dissipation of heat as it does for current through a resistance. Thus, the analogy
cannot be used for modelling energy flow in systems where energy crosses
between the magnetic and electrical domains. An alternative analogy to the
reluctance model which does correctly represent energy flows is the gyrator–
capacitor model. Magnetic reluctance is a scalar extensive quantity, akin to
electrical resistance. The unit for magnetic reluctance is inverse henry, H-1.