Dr. Gloria D.

Lacson Foundation
Colleges, Inc.

TEACHING OF
SPEAKING
Prepared by: Paula Marie DG. Banez
 Principles of
Teaching Speaking
1
Communicative Competence
2 Goals of Teaching Speaking

3 The Nature of Speaking

4 Different views of Speaking in Language

Teaching
Communicative Competence

It is concerned not only with how

grammar/ lexis is managed but also with
the socio-cultural rules of appropriate
language use.
Communicative Competence can be
achieved in four aspects :

Grammatical Competence

Discourse Competence

Socio-linguistic Competence

Strategic Competence
GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE

Communicative Competent
Grammatical competence is knowing
how to use the grammar, syntax and
vocabulary of language.
A gramatically competent person understand
the meaning and function of grammatical
construction.

Communicative Competent
Example:
Moirah went to Pangasinan.

Fair - Reasonable; Fair - Appearance

 Communicative Competent

A gramatically competent person must also

know idiomatic expressions.
Example:
Don't beat around the bush.
I am going back to the drawing board.
He takes a bath once in a blue moon.
Why are you so bent out of shape?
 Communicative Competent

A grammatically competent person must also know if

a person is exaggerating or not.

Example:
Paula is skinny as a toothpick.
My shoes are killing me.
 DISCOURSE COMPETENCE
It refers to the way ideas are linked across
Communicative Competent

sentences.
It also means knowing how to interpret the larger
context and how to construct written texts or
spoken language of different genre.
 Narrative text

Different Procedural Text

Genres: Expository Text

Persuasive Text

Descriptive Text

Communicative Competent
 NARRATIVE TEXT
It pertains to any type of writing that are
released a series of events. Narrative text tells a
story to entertain the reader.
Example:
Short story, fictions, novels, fable, etc.
 PROCEDURAL TEXT
It instruct the audience or the reader to
complete a task and it falls into two (2)
categories.
How to make it
How to do something
 EXPOSITORY TEXT
Informational text that give facts and
information.
Example:
Telling a history
Giving facts about Science
 PERSUASIVE TEXT
The main point of persuasive text is to persuade a
reader.
A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition,
discussion, review or even an advertisement.
 DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
It focuses on describing a single location, object,
event, or a place. It also engages the five senses
of the readers.
Example:
The painting was a field of flowers, blues and yellows atop
deep green stems that seemed to call the viewer in to play.
 Socio-linguistic Competence
Knowing how to use and respond to language
appropriately, given the setting, the topic and the
relationships among the people communicating.
 SOCIO-LINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE ASKS:
Which words and phrases fit this setting and this
topic?
How can I express a specific attitude when I need
to?
How do I know what attitude another person is
expressing?
 STRATEGIC COMPETENCE
Knowing how to recognize and repair
communication breakdowns, how to work around
Communicative Competent

gaps in one's knowledge of the language, and

how to learn more about the language in the
context.
Principles of
Teaching Speaking
1 Communicative Competence

2
Goals of Teaching Speaking
3 The Nature of Speaking

4 Different views of Speaking in Language

Teaching
The goal of teaching speaking skills is

Goals of Teaching Speaking

communicative efficiency.
Strategies to achieve
communicative efficiency:

Use language in authentic ways

Goals of Teaching Speaking

Provide context
Design activities with a purpose
Use task-based activities
Encourage collaboration
Principles of
Teaching Speaking
1 Communicative Competence

2 Goals of Teaching Speaking

3 The Nature of Speaking

4 Different views of Speaking in Language
Teaching
 “Speaking does not only make sound by the speech
organs but ideas and emotions."
The Nature of Speaking
 Speaking is the active use of language to
express meaning so that other people can
make sense of them, therefore, the label
The Nature of Speaking

of productive use of language can be

applied to speaking.
 Speaking is “the process of building and sharing meaning
through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a
variety of contexts.”
The Nature of Speaking
 The word speaking has many different meanings or
definitions on linguistics’ views. Another definition
of speaking is making use of words in an ordinary
The Nature of Speaking

voice, offering words, knowing and being able to

use a language
Principles of
Teaching Speaking
1 Communicative Competence

2 Goals of Teaching Speaking

3 The Nature of Speaking

4 Different views of Speaking in

Language Teaching
Conversational Discourse
Teaching Pronunciation
Accuracy and Fluency

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
Affective Factors
The interaction effect
 Conversational Discourse
It is a one-way conversation. The goal of
conversational discourse is to deliver

Different views of speaking

information to the audience.

in language teaching
Example:
Dialogue
Debate
 Teaching Pronunciation
Develop the ability to identify and produce
English key sounds as well as its basic
rhythm, stress and intonation patterns in

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
context.
Increase self-confidence in the way you
speak.
 Accuracy and Fluency
Accuracy and fluency are both important goals to
pursue in Communicative Language Teaching
(CLT).

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
Accuracy is achieved to some extent by allowing
students to focus on the elements of phonology,
grammar, and discourse in their spoken output.
 Accuracy and Fluency

... while fluency may in many

communicative language courses to be

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
an initial goal in language teaching.
 Affective Factors
These are the emotional factors which influence learning:
Self-confidence
Inhibition

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
Empathy
Motivation
Attitude
 Affective Factors
Learners need to overcome those major obstacles.
Our job as a teacher is to provide the kind of warm,
embracing climate that encourages students to speak,

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
however halting or broken their attempts may be.
 Interaction Effect
David Nunan (1991) notes further complication in interactive
discourse: what he calls the interlocutor effect, or the
difficulty of a speaking task as gauged by the skills of one's

Different views of speaking

in language teaching
interlocutor. In other words, learner's performance is always
colored by that of the person (interlocutor) he or she is
talking with.
Principles of
Teaching Speaking
1 Communicative Competence

2 Goals of Teaching Speaking

3 The Nature of Speaking

4 Different views of Speaking in Language

Teaching
THANK YOU!
Prepared by: Paula Marie DG. Banez