ARN-209 | STRUCTURE

Tutorial 3 – A,
B & C Failure
of Structure

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Selection of Case Study Section-A

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 Cause
The building collapse appeared to be the
result of poor-quality building material and
having been "weakly built"

Analysis Collapse
At 6:30 pm IST (13:00 UTC) on 4 April
Location- Thane, 2013, a building collapsed in the Shil Phata
Maharashtra, India area of Mumbra, a suburb of Thane in
Section-A | Analysis

Maharashtra, India.

Casualties
It has been called the worst building
collapse in the area. Seventy-four people
were killed, while more than 100 survived.
News Paper Clippings

Section-A | News paper clippings

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2000
Commonwealth
Avenue
Location- Boston, United States

Section-B | Similar Structure Failure

Analysis
Section-B | Case Study Analysis

Cause
The most significant deficiencies were a lack of shoring under the roof slab and
low strength concrete.

Collapse
At about 10 in the morning on the 25th of January, 1971, concrete was being
placed in the mechanical room floor slab, wall, wall beams, and brackets. These
phases were (1) punching shear failure in the main roof at column E5; (2) collapse
of the roof slab; and (3) the progressive and general collapse of most of the
structure (Granger et al. 1971).

Casualities
Four workers died when about two-thirds of a 16-story apartment building under
construction collapsed on January 25, 1971.

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Section-C |
Understanding of the
Failure
In the previous cases, the failure is due to low-
quality material and due to violation of the local
building code or laws.
Review of

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Causes of
Failure

2000 Commonwealth Avenue

Section-C | Failure Causes

 Collapse of 2000 Commonwealth Avenue

Section-C | Cause of Building Failure

The Reasons of Collapse were:

Ownership of the project changed a number of times, with changes in architects and
engineers. This added to the overall confusion and contributed to the irregularities cited
previously.
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The structural concrete subcontract did not require any inspection or cold weather
protection of the work, although the designer had specified these measures.
The concrete mix designs were not prequalified.
The triggering mechanism of the collapse was punching shear at the roof slab around
column E5, probably preceded by flexural yielding of the roof slab adjacent to the east face
of the elevator core.
Whether failure would have been expected if the construction had conformed to the
design documents.
The commission concluded that the failure would not have occurred if the construction had
conformed to design documents and that the construction procedures and materials were
deficient. The most significant deficiencies were a lack of shoring under the roof slab and low-
strength concrete. The design documents specified a 28-day strength of 20 MPa (3,000 psi). At
the time of the failure, 47 days after casting, the concrete had yet to achieve the 28-day
strength
Review of

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Causes of Failure

2013 Thane building collapse

Section-C | Failure Causes

 2013 Thane building collapse

Section-C | Cause of Building Failure

The Reasons of Collapse were:

The building collapse appeared to be the result of poor-quality building material and having
been "weakly built", according to Police inspector Digamber Jangale.
Lawful building construction in the Thane district requires blueprints to be filed and
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approved by municipal agencies and permits obtained to connect electricity, water, and
sewage services. The builders did not file the blueprints in this case.
Ramesh Patil, a legislator of the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) party, stated that the
week before the incident he had complained the building was unfit and not legal.
By 12 April 2013 Hadisulla Rakbulla Choudhary, a partner of the developer, was arrested
for his role.
At least four floors of the building had been completed and were occupied. Workers had
finished three more floors and were adding the eighth floor when it collapsed, the police
inspector Digamber Jangale said.
On 4 April 2013, a building collapsed on tribal land in Mumbra, a suburb of Thane in
Maharashtra, India.[9][10] It has been called the worst building collapse in the area.[vague][11]
[nb 3] Seventy-four people (18 children, 33 men, and 23 women) were killed, while more than
100 survived. The search for additional survivors ended on 6 April 2013
Common Faliure Factors:

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The owner did not provide competent involvement in design professionals with
knowledge of design and construction requirements.
Concrete, possibly of poor quality, was not adequately protected against cold
weather.
There was no inspection by an architect or engineer, only poor inspections.
Not following the code of laws by local authorities for the building.
Poor quality of material chosen.

Section-C | Learning
 ARN-209 | Structure
Akshit Gupta | 20110004

Thank You!
Section-A , B & C