HAND OPERATED CAN CRUSHER

Paren Raju Trivedi

Roll No. 66, Div: B
Mechanical Engineering

Professional Communication
And Ethics

VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SHIRGAON, VIRAR (EAST).
 HAND OPERATED CAN CRUSHER

THE PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

PAREN RAJU TRIVEDI

ROLL NO. 66, DIV: B,
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the guidance

Of
Dr. Trupti Patil
Asst. Professor, Viva Tech.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Subject of

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION AND ETHICS

VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Shirgaon, Veer Savarkar road, Virar (East), Tal-Vasai,
Chandansar, Palghar, Maharashtra-401303
2021-2022
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Project report entitled “Hand Operated Can Crusher” to be
submitted for the Degree of Subject of Professional communication and Ethics, is my
original work and the Project Report has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, or
similar other titles. It has not been submitted to any other Institution or Department for the
award of any degree.

Place: Virar

Date:

I
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the project report entitled Hand Operated Can Crusher, being
submitted by Paren Raju Trivedi , Roll no. 66 in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of subject “Professional Communication and Ethics”, to the
Viva Institute of Technology, Virar, is are cord of bonafide work carried out, under the
supervision of Dr.Trupti Patil. During her tenure with us, we found him/her sincere and
hard-working. We wish her a great success in the future.

Place: Virar

Date: Project In-charge:

Dr. Trupti Patil

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to
my highly respected and esteemed guide Dr.Trupti Patil, Viva Institute of Technology,
Virar, for her valuable guidance, encouragement and help for completing this work. Her
useful suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behaviour are sincerely
acknowledged.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr.Trupti Patil, forgiving me this opportunity to
undertake this project .I would also like to thank Mr. Arun Kumar, principal for whole
hearted support. I also wish to express my gratitude to Asst. prof. Mrs. Niyati Raut HOD
(Mechanical Engineering) for her kind hearted support.
I also wish to express my indebtedness to my parents as well as my family member whose
blessings and support always helped me to face the challenges ahead.
At the end I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and others who
helped me directly or indirectly during this project work.

Place: Virar

Date: PAREN RAJU TRIVEDI

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no. Title Page no.

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION i

CERTIFICATE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv-vii

ILLUSTRATION viii-ix

ABSTRACT x

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION 2

1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE 2

1.3 PROJECT SCOPE 2

iv
1.4 PROJECT PROBLEM 3
STATEMENT

1.5 PROJECT PLANNING 3

1.6 PROJECT FLOW CHART 4

2 MAIN DISCUSSION 5

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM / 6

DESCRIPTION

2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 7-14

3 DESIGN and FABRICTION 15

DESCRIPTION

3.1 DESIGN AND CALCULATION 16-17

3.2 ASSEMBLING OF CAN 18

CRUSHER DESCRIPTION

4 COMPONENTS 19
REQUIREMENT

4.1 COMPONENTS USED 20

5 MATERIAL AND ITS 21

PROPERTIES
3 DESIGN AND FABRICTION 15
DESCRIPTION
3.1 DESIGN AND CALCULATION 16-17

3.2 ASSEMBLING OF CAN 18

CRUSHER DESCRIPTION

v
 4 COMPONENTS 19
REQUIREMENT

4.1 COMPONENTS USED 20

5 MATERIAL AND ITS 21

PROPERTIES

5.1 MATERIAL CONSIDERATION 22-25

AND THERI PROPERTIES

5.2 RAW MATERIAL USED IN 25

CAN CRUSHER

6 26
AUTOMATION AND
FURTHER MODIFICATION IN
CAN CRUSHER

6.1 27-29
AUTOMATION AND
FURTHER MODIFICATION IN
CAN CRUSHER

7 WORKING PRINCIPLE AND 30

INNOVATION

7.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE 31

7.2 INNOVATION 32

8 MARKET SURVEY 33

8.1 MARKET SURVEY 34

9 OBSERVATION 35

9.1 OBSERVATION 36

10 APPLICATION 37

vi
10.1 APPLICATION 38

11 CONCLUSION 39

11.1 CONCLUSION 40

REFERENCES 41-43

DATASHEET 44-45

GLOSSARY 46-47

vii
 ILLUSTRATION

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

2(C) Aluminum Bars 10

Wall Mount Can
Crusher Bottle Soda
Opener 12 oz
Recycle 2 in1
5 bearing 28

3 Can crusher 16

2(D) Can Ram- 11

Aluminum Can
Crusher or 6-can
Aluminium Can
Crusher
6 flywheel 29

2(G) Foot Operated Can 13

Crusher
1 Hand operated 6
Aluminium soda can
crusher smasher

2 (A) Hand operated 8

Aluminium soda can
crusher smasher

viii
 2(F) Hydraulic Can 12
Crusher

2(H) Metal Can Crusher 14

4 Motor and engine 28

2(B) Pacific Mounted 9

Aluminium Can
Crusher Smasher
(Beer and Soda cans
2(E) Pneumatic Can 12
Crusher air powered
norgren cylinder
Aluminum soda can
recycling

Table no. Title Page

1 COMPONENTS USE 20

2 Specification of cast iron 23

3 Specification of steel 25

ix
 ABSTRACT

The study of manufacturing was very important in order to carried out this project to ensure
that student understand on what are needs to do. This project is about designing and
fabricating the Can Crusher to helps people easy to crush the Aluminium, tin and soda cans.
This project involves the process of designing the crusher using considering forces and
ergonomic factor for people to use. After the design has complete, it was transformed to its
real product where the design is used for guideline. These projects also require ensuring the
safety for indeed of publishing. Methods and process involve in this project for instance
joining using bending, welding, drilling, and cutting process. This project is mainly about
generating a new concept of Can Crusher that would make easier to bring anywhere and
easier to crush the tin. After all process had been done, this crusher may help us to
understand the fabrication and designing process that involve in this project. Even though
there are many types of the can crusher machine in the market, the completion of this new
model provides a more practical usage.

x
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction:-

The main objective of this project is to learn the basics of the design and
mechanism using the gear system and its simple characterization. This project
involves the design and construction of a canning machine. There are many
differences between this can crusher and the design on the current market.
This project is also to develop and improve its performance so that there is no
doubt about the design and idea. This design requires little force to crush aluminum
cans, which can crush them one by one. This project requires a wide range of skills,
information and knowledge such as computer aided design software, Solid Works
software, using cutters, bending machines, vertical saws, machining. table and
welding process. This design will definitely help users. So this project will go through
many processes before going into prototype to achieve the goal and of course the
customer needs a mechanical canning machine which is one of the most useful.
Help reduce the environmental pollution of this world. Help create a better place to
live. In addition, this shredder can be a future means of recycling besides the trash.
It can be placed anywhere, in the park, in the house, even in the car, using a smaller
crusher.
Therefore, this project interested me and helped me to access the field of
mechanical engineering and design engineering. Design the mechanical part of the
canning machine and make the mechanical part of the system.

1.2 Project objective:

The objective of the project is given below:

1. Design and build a canning machine that requires low force to crush canned
foods.
2. Design and build a can crusher that can crush one can at a time.
3. Design and manufacture of a cannery with warehouse for the identification of
canned goods after crushing.

1.3 Project Scope:

The scope of the project gave us many advantages in learning a new process of
manufacturing this product and we were able to realize many advantages which we
did not realize as well as less. Purpose of this project the crusher is probably the
most important part of the project. Make sure the range is followed by this project
line to get what the project needs. The scope of work for this project is as follows:
1. Review design documentation from any possible source.
2. Model of canning machine.
3. Make the design with the selected material.
4. Check out the design in the demo.

2
 5. Design the mechanical part of the can crusher using the Solid Work CAD
software.
6. The design of the canning machine is less laborious for the workers.
7. Development of a model of cutter for cans using processes of bending, welding,
8. Drilling and cutting.
9. Build a Can Crusher to grind more cans in less time.

1.4 Project Problem Statement:

When people step on the can after drinking, the can is not always symmetrically
flat and looks messy. This condition sometimes causes tin to produce sharp edges
that can harm or injure people. Also, people always throw cans everywhere. These
conditions contaminate this environment, becoming a bad environment and
separating the ditches.
So this design is used to squeeze the pot as flat as possible and try to save time
and cost and there is also a barrel under the mill. The design process allows us to
follow a systematic design approach. The most important step in the design process
is to determine the user's needs.

1.5 Project Planning:

This project started with the meeting with the professor the first week, to collect
information and other information via the Internet, books and market studies, this
document Project review to be done every week.
During the second week, the Gantt chart (time management) and flowchart
(process management) will be developed. This is done using Microsoft Excel using
the Gantt chart system.
Project progress and teacher advice on how to solve problems. The next task was
to perform a literature review with available Internet media, books, published articles
and titles. Begin the design phase by drawing prototypes using hand sketches on A
paper.
Do it rather than choosing the best concept. software applications downloaded
from the Internet for designing models from sketches. Solid Work software helps to
draw the best dimensions. The next step was to create some methods for this
project.
Select material, list materials and dimensions. Ask him to plan the manufacturing
process for this project. Then, start the production process. It will take seven weeks
to implement this change to the 's design and manufacturing process.
Perform analysis and testing for the design. Debug this project. Complete the
production process with the painting process.
After that, writing the final report and final presentation will be 's final task.

3
1.6 Project flow chart:
From the flow chart, this project begins with the objective of the project. The
objective of the project should follow the title. The goal of this project was to
complete the title, followed by a review of design of the can crusher and then study a
lot of investigation about can crusher. This is the study which includes the crusher,
the type of crusher, the type of material suitable for the manufacture of the product.
This information has been gathered and gathered from various sources such as
the Internet, books and other sources. Along with the project, the design process will
continue all the knowledge and lessons that have been applied to create a good
design for the can crusher project. After sketching out several designs, the design
considerations were selected using Pugh’s concept selection.
Engineering drawing and solid models using Auto Cad software, manufacturing
process using drawings as reference. This process includes manufacturing all of the
designed parts using different types of manufacturing process with dimensions.
There are different manufacturing processes such as drilling, welding, bending,
cutting, etc.
During this process, if a manufacturing error occurs, the procedure must be
changed, the process must return to the previous step, and the process continues
again, until no errors occur, the process needs to be changed. final finished product.
The draft report should then be presented to the supervisor for double checking to
see if there are any errors.

4
 CHAPTER 2

MAIN DISCUSSION

5
 CHAPTER 2
Block Diagram/Description

2.1 Block Diagram and Description

A force acts on all the particles (volumetric elements) of a given object and is
proportional to the mass of the particles. A force can change the volume of an object.
Some objects cannot be compressed. For the can crusher, if the volume inside the
can is larger, more force is needed to squeeze the can, but if the volume inside the
can is smaller, less force is needed to crush the coil. The figure shows the change in
volume of the can after the applying of force.

Fig. 1

The can has air pressure exerted on it both from outside and inside and those forces
are responsible for the can's subsequent demise.
Newton's second law concerns the sum of forces. As long as the internal and
external forces are balanced and equal, the box does not change. When the forces
are not balanced, changes in the shape of the metal can occur.
When the coil collapses, the mass of the coil decreases. The pressure of a gas is
related to the volume of its container. At some point, the volume gradually
decreases, resulting in adequate pressure inside the can to avoid further collapse.

6
2.2 Block description

Can Crusher:
A can crusher is a device used to crush aluminum cans, soft drinks and beer for
easier storage in the bin. Most recyclers don't require you to crush cans, if you
recycle a lot your regular bin can fill up quickly. The can crusher gives you extra
space by flattening one or more cans. The first cannery was, of course, a human
foot. People often step on cans to flatten them for recycling or to make more room in
the trash. It can sometimes be painful if the foot does not lower properly onto the
can. But now on the market there are many can crushers. The easiest way, usually
around US$10 (USD), is to squeeze the cans one at a time, pulling a lever that
reduces the weight of the can until it is pressed almost flattening it. For about $20,
you can find canning mills that can flatten multiple cans at once. This type of can
saves time, especially if you squeeze the can by hand.
Features of can crusher:
crusher is fed by different methods, but they all share the same characteristics. The
cans are deposited or placed in an enclosure equipped with a device for crushing
the shells of cans. The device could be a disc that breaks cans from above, a metal
element that gives cans a double-sided "hug" for squeezing them, or a giant
mechanical chamber for crushing cans on an assembly line.

Various type of Can Crushers available in the market:-

Can crushers have become a staple these days. It is often used to break and flatten
soda cans. Today, however, it is also used for various purposes. Many people like to
drink drinks in aluminum cans. The canning mill helps to recycle hard metals such
as aluminum. This not only saves space, but also time and money. In the market
you can find both plastic and metal crushers, sometimes even a mixture of the two.
Such recycled plastic devices are also available in the market, they are
environmentally friendly. Both manual and pedal mills work manually, but the pedal
mill is much easier and more enjoyable. It must be said here that the hands can
break the work in a more organized way and not create a mess like those made with
feet.

Can crusher can be of several types depending on the operation; it can be

mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and magnetic. The hydraulic mill works without the
use of water and certainly without any sound or calibration. But above all, the things
that are commonly found in the market are electronics. There are various companies
like Ontario Limited, Alan Ross Machinery Corporation, Can Cycler equipment, Inc,
etc. who have consistently embraced this recycling goal through the products they
sell, and the canning machine is one of them.

7
The various types of can crushers is given below:

I. Hand Operated Can Crusher:

This type of preserving mill is manually operated. This type of crusher for wood and
metal or even plastic cans. The metal can crusher is mainly used, but this type of
canning machine is expensive compared to the wood type. The manual can crusher
is mainly used for breaking can. The types of manual shredders are shown below:-

A. Hand operated Aluminium soda can crusher smasher:-

This manual can crusher quickly crush any aluminum soda and beer cans large
or small. This type of can crusher has holes in the back panels for wall mounting.
The figure opposite shows the manual machine for soft drink cans:

Fig.(2).A

This type of crusher for cans consists of a channel bottom with holes for fixing
to the wall and two plates, one of which is fixed to the bottom. the channel or
another channel can be moved using the connection arrangement or the
handle. The can is placed between two plates and a load placed on the handle
down (as shown) creates a force that makes the can break easily

B. Pacific Mounted Aluminium Can Crusher Smasher (Beer and Soda

cans):-

The Aluminum Can Crusher instantly grinds most cans to approximately 1 inch.
Hold the handle and pull it downward for crushing cans. Plus, the all-steel
construction is sturdy and durable. Save valuable space both where you store
your cans and when transporting them. You can now carry 5 times more
aluminum cans. This means you will have fewer trips to the recycling center and
each trip will be worth more money.

8
Above all, you will do your part to help the environment. Recycling is more fun
and easier than ever with Crusher

Fig.(2). B
 This type of can crusher make the recycling process more efficient with The
Aluminum Can Crusher.
 Instantly crushes all 12- and 16-ounce cans to about 1 inch, so space is saved
when storing and transporting them.
 Sturdy all-steel construction is durable, with an easy-to-grab handle that
makes it easy to operate.
 Simply hold the crusher's handle and pull it down to crush a can.
 Easy to hang on the wall and measures approximately 16 inches long.

C. Aluminum Bars Wall Mount Can Crusher Bottle Soda Opener 12 oz

Recycle 2 in1:-
The working principle of this can crusher is the same as that of the manual
aluminum can crusher. Simple, but the difference is in this aluminum box.
Crusher does another job opening soft drinks bottles. This way it is possible to
can crusher two in one.
Features:
 This is a Can-crushers with Bottle Opener.
 This easy-to-use crusher and fits all 12 oz aluminum beverage cans.

9
  This can crusher uses heavy gauge steel with sift grip handle.

Fig.(2).C

 It is simple and safe to operate.

 This saves storage space by crushing cans to approximate 20% of
original size.
 This type of can crusher can also be wall mounted (4 screws included).
 This can crusher used for perfect recycling.
 Dimensions are: 13" H x 3.75" W x 3.25
D. Can Ram- Aluminum Can Crusher or 6-can Aluminium Can Crusher:-
Can Ram- Aluminum can crusher for aluminum cans aka 6 cans of aluminum
in can crusher. This type of canning machine is six times faster than a normal
crusher! The wall mounted can hold up to 10 aluminum cans, automatically
loading them into the chamber and ejecting them after crushing. Facilitates
convenient storage and transportation of cans for recycling.
 Material: High strength nylon resin,
 Mount Type: Mounts to wall,
 Capacity: (10) Cans
Features:
 Crushes 10 cans in 10 seconds
 Holds 6 cans with only 2 moving parts
 Automatic chamber entry & ejection
 Rust-proof, high-tech nylon.

10
 Fig..(2).D

E. Pneumatic Can Crusher air powered norgren cylinder Aluminum soda

can recycling:
This is Kevin Krusher 1.5 Pneumatic Aluminum can Crusher. A huge flow of air,
usually pumped by some type of accumulator, moves the crusher with a quick,
precise motion and squeezes the box. Large poster size pneumatic tube rolled
up.
Description:
 The aluminum crusher can be powered by 12 or 16 ounces of compressed /
pneumatic air.
 Minimum length 6 1/2" in compartment to accommodate cans of different
lengths. Requires 110-120 PSI for optimum performance.
 Quality product for durability, 6061 aluminum frame construction.
 Zinc and black oxide coated assembly hardware.
 Anodized aluminum extrusions and exhaust valves with huge air flow,
actuated by the simple force of a finger.
 Double acting cylinder diameter 1.5 x 6 " stroke norgren cylinder.
 All brass compression fittings.
 Can be mounted on a table or on the wall as shown in the photo.
 Mounting material will be supplied.

11
  The second photo shows both my 1.5 cylinder unit on left and the 2.0
cylinder unit on the right, this listing is for the 1.5 diameter cylinder unit.

Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

(Fig. 2 (E) )

F. Hydraulic Can Crusher:

This type of can crusher uses hydraulic oil to crush the can shell. Its crushing
principle is similar to that of a pneumatic crusher, but the difference is that it
uses hydraulic fluid instead of air and a hydraulic pump instead of an air
compressor. Hydraulic fluid, also known as hydraulic fluid, is the means of
transmitting power in hydraulic machines.
Features:
 Heavy duty rotor design.
 Unique hammer locking device.
 Interchangeable liners.
 Flexible application in primary and secondary crushing.

Fig. (2 (F) )

12
G. Foot Operated Can Crusher:

The foot crusher is a great way to recycle aluminum and steel cans. The can
crusher is easy to use and comes with a support bar designed to prevent the
can from being pushed out of the crusher due to pressure from the depressed
foot plate. The crusher also features a piercing screw which can be adjusted to
aid crushing harder cans. Once crushed, the cans can be sorted for recycling,
with a magnet mounted on the canning machine to help distinguish between
steel cans and aluminum cans. If the magnet doesn't stick to the can, it's
aluminum. In the given figures first shows the simple foot operated can crusher
and second shows the working of foot operated can smasher.
Features:
 The crusher is easy to use.
 Foot operated.
 Suitable for most sizes of aluminium and steel cans.
 Magnets on can crushers to identify steel cans and aluminum cans.
 Dimensions 37cm (L) x 12cm (W).

Fig.(a) Fig.(b)

Fig. (2 (G) )

13
H. Metal Can Crusher:
Metal Crusher is a new type of energy-saving and environmental protection
crushing equipment, which is applied to various kinds of broken cans, lulu
cans, pots, bicycles, car shells, scrap metal, etc It's all kinds of thin metal, the
material is about 5mm or so. The most important role is to break all metals into
spheres, granules or flakes that can be easily transported. A can crushing
machine is shown in Figure 5:

Fig. (2 (H) )

14
 CHAPTER 3
Design and Fabrication Description

15
 Chapter3
Design and Fabrication

3.1 Design and Fabrication Description (calculation)

Fig. (3)
In this project (Can crusher)
Mass of the object(m)= 18kg
Distance travel by the piston in the sleeve or cylinder(d)= 12inch or 0.3048m
Time(t)= 4sec
Then,
velocity(V)= distance/time
Velocity(V)= 0.3048/4
V= 0.0762m/sec.
Hence,
acceleration(a)= velocity/time
acceleration(a)=0.0762/4
acceleration(a)= 0.01905m/����

16
we know,
Force(F)=ma {according to newton’s second law}
Therefore,
Force(F)=(18)*(0.01905)
F=0.3429N or (342.9)*��−� N
Hence
Force required to crush a can is 0.3429N or 342.9mN(approx.)

Crushing Rate:

Crushing rate may be defined as the number of cans crushed per unit time ‘or’ the rate
at which cans are crushed.
In this project,
Time taken to crush a single can= 4sec.
Then,
Number of cans crushed in one hour=3600/4
Number of cans crushed in one hour= 900Cans.
Therefore,
Total can crushed in one hour is 900 with manual operation.
Hence, The Crushing Rate is 900cans/hr.(approx.)

17
3.2 Assembling of Can Crusher:
The different manufacturing processes involved in assembling the can crusher
machine are shown below:
1. The first step is to sketch out the freehand model on paper to ensure the idea is
successful. Next, the sketch model is converted to a solid model and drawn with
solidworks.
2. I collect the raw materials for the mill such as the angle arm for the base, the
metal plate for the gearbox housing, the bushing that supports the two spindles,
the gear, the lever for the operation.
3. The next step is to measure and mark the material with a vernier caliper, tape
measure and try square to check for flatness. Scriber is used for marking.
4. After measuring and marking the excess material is removed by machining the
part with a lathe. Cut the material with a hacksaw.
5. After the cutting process, the can crusher base frame is made with a angle arm
by welding process. The legs of the base have a washer welded to the bottom for
mounting to the table.
6. On the base frame, I place a cylinder or sleeve having a two cuts one is on top,
for inserting cans and other is on the bottom for the ejection of crushed can
automatically. The sleeve mounts to the base frame at the bottom using a nut
and bolts.
7. After fitting the sleeve, the gearbox uprights are made with bent arms and
welded to the base frame. Two rings mounted on the base frame and two rings
mounted on the struts of the transmission. The motor shaft (spindle) moves in
the brush under the base frame and the motor shaft moves in the upper bushing.
The crankshaft (crank) is equipped with a balanced weight to help the piston
move in reciprocating motion and with less work effort..
8. The driving gear(pinion) is welded to the crankshaft and the drive gear (bull gear)
is welded to the crankshaft (crank). These two gears are chain gears and power
is transferred from the chain from the drive pinion to the drive pinion. The driving
force is provided by the handle, the handle is mounted on the crankshaft with the
help of nuts and bolts.
9. On the sleeve upper cut a hopper is welded made of round iron bars. The
purpose of the hopper is to hold the extra cans.
10. The piston is placed in the sleeve and join the crankshaft using a
connecting rod. The piston face is tapered from the front, which allows automatic
lifting to another can and prevents the can from bending.
11. The gearbox covered with a cover or sheet metal cover and hinge at one
end in order to lubricate or oil the bushings or rotating shafts.

18
 CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS REQUIREMENTS

19
 CHAPTER 4

COMPONENTS REQUIREMENTS

4.1 COMPONENTS USE

TABLE NO. 1:

SR.NO FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS

1 LENGTH OF THE BASE FRAME 30 INCH

2 WIDTH OF THE BASE FRAME 10 INCH
3 DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER OR SLEEVE 3 INCH
4 LENGTH OF CYLINDER 15 INCH
5 DIAMETER OF PISTON 2.85 INCH
6 LENGTH OF PISTON 7 INCH
7 DIAMETER OF THE SHAFTS 1.5 INCH
8 LENGTH OF THE INPUT SHAFT 15 INCH
9 LENGTH OF THE OUTPUT() SHAFT 10.5 INCH
10 NUMBER OF TEETH IN DRIVING(PINION) GEAR 14 TEETH.

11 NUMBER OF TEETH IN DRIVEN (BULL) GEAR 42 TEETH.

12 OUTER DIAMETER OF THE BUSH 2 INCH

13 INNER DIAMETER OF BUSH 1.7 INCH
14 LENGTH OF THE HANDLE 12 INCH
15 LENGTH OF THE CONNECTING ROD 11 INCH
16 MATERIAL OF GEARBOX HOOD SHEET METAL
17 MATERIAL OF BASE CAST IRON
18 MATERIAL OF SLEEVE AND PISTON STEEL

20
 CHAPTER 5
MATERIAL AND ITS PROPERTIES

21
 CHAPTER 5
MATERIAL AND ITS PROPERTIES

5.1 Material consideration and their properties:

I. Cast iron:
Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon, highly valued for its low cost and its
ability to fabricate complex structures. The carbon content of cast iron is 3% to 4.5% by
weight. It also contains silicon and small amounts of manganese, sulfur and
phosphorus. Cast iron products exhibit reasonable corrosion resistance. It is not
malleable or malleable, and it cannot be as hard as steel. It melts at approximately
2100ºF and exhibits a crystalline or granular fracture.

Types of cast iron:

 White cast iron

 Gray cast iron
 Ductile cast iron
 Malleable cast iron
Properties of Cast iron are:

 Tensile Strength:
Different types of cast iron are used in construction of machines and structures.
Cast iron with a tensile strength of 5 tons per square inch or less is not valid for
strength claims. However, this type can be used for weight balancing, foundation
block, or for purposes where only weight is the consequence. Some cast irons
have a tensile strength of up to 19 tons per square inch, but on average the
strength is 7 tons per square inch. Adding vanadium can increase the strength of
the cast iron.
 High Compressive Strength:
Compressive strength is defined as the ability of a material to resist forces that
attempt to crush or compress it. Cast iron has high compressive strength, so it is
used in columns and post of buildings. The compressive strength of gray cast
iron can be almost as high as that of some mild steels.
 Low Melting Point:
Its melting point varies from 1140 ºC to 1200 ºC. Today, many advanced
methods of smelting, alloying and casting are used which can put newly formed
irons in competition with steel.

22
  Resistance to Deformation:
The cast iron structure exhibits resistance to deformation and provides a rigid frame.
However, if one part of the casting after pouring the iron into the mold is very thin
and another part is very thick, then the problem of breaking the structure becomes
great. The reason is that when the part first cools and contracts, the thick part cools
causing stress to the thin part, providing enough force to break it.
 Resistance to Oxidation:
Rust is formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen, in the presence of water or
humidity in the air. It leads to corrosion of iron and its alloys and any mass of iron
in the presence of water and oxygen can eventually turn into rust and then
decompose. Since cast iron is resistant to oxidation, it provides a solution to the
rust problem.
Specification of cast iron:

Density 7.8 g.cm-3 at 20°C

Melting point 1536 °C

Boiling point 2861 °C
Atomic mass 55.85 g.mol -1
Heat of fusion 13.81 kJ·mol-1
Table no. 2

II. Steel:
steel is mainly composed of iron with carbon as the main alloying element. The
higher the percentage of carbon, the harder the steel. High carbon steels are
generally not suitable as a working material in sheet metal forming due to their
high resistance to permanent set or plasticity. Most car stamps are made from low
carbon steel, containing less than 0.15 carbon. In some applications resistance to
plastic deformation is desired, for example in springs.
The type of steel are given below:
Cold Rolled Steel:- Cold Rolled Steel As with most metals, alloy composition, heat
treatment and any machining process (rolling in this case) are important in material
characterization. "Drawn" steels are machined to produce uniform deformation up to
significant deformation (deformation and uniform deformation are discussed in detail
below). This method to improve the deformation behavior is used in "reduced
aluminum" steels. Aluminum is used to remove oxygen from steel and thus minimize
the negative effects of oxygen on the degree of possible deformation and the
uniformity of the deformation. Steel is available in ¼ hardness, ½ hardness and full
hardness.
23
Spring Steel has a high "elasticity", meaning a large amount of stress can be applied
before the material becomes permanently hardened or plastic deformation occurs.
These ideas are detailed below.

Stainless Steels contains additional alloys of nickel and chromium. Their cost is high,
but due to their beautiful surface and corrosion resistance, they are used to form
special parts. Stainless steels with different heat treatment temperatures are commonly
available

Properties of steel:

Strength

Yield strength: Yield strength: Yield strength is the most common property. The
primary designation refers to yield strength, i.e. S275 Steel is a structural steel with a
specified minimum yield strength of 275 N/mm².

Toughness:

The nature of all materials contains imperfections. In steel, these defects appear as
very small cracks. If the steel is not hard enough, "cracks" can propagate rapidly,
without plastic deformation and lead to "brittle fractures". The risk of brittle fracture
increases with thickness, tensile stress, tension agent and colder temperatures. The
toughness of steel and brittle fracture strength depend on a number of factors which
must be taken into account when specifying.

Ductility:-
Ductility is a measure of the degree to which a material can deform or stretch between
when it begins to flow and eventually breaks when subjected to tensile load.

Weldability:-

All structural steels are essentially weldable. However, welding involves local melting
of the steel, after which the steel cools down. Cooling can be quite fast because of the
surrounding material, for example. The harness provides a large "heatsink" and the
solder is generally relatively small. This can lead to "heat affected zone" (HAZ)
hardening and reduced ductility. The thicker the material, the lower the toughness.

24
Specification of steel:

Modulus of elasticity, E 210,000 N/mm²

Shear modulus, G E/[2(1 + ν)] N/mm², often taken as
81,000 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio,v 0.3
Coefficient of thermal expansion, α 12 x 10-6/°C (in the ambient
temperature range).

Table no. 3

5.2 Raw material used in Can Crusher:

1. 4 pieces of Angle arm two of 30 inch. and two of 10 inch For the base, made up
of cast iron
2. Cylinder or sleeve made up of steel
3. Piston made up of steel
4. Connecting rod made up of cast iron
5. Crank shaft up of cast iron
6. Two shafts made up of cast iron having 1.5 inch Diameter.
7. Handle with rotor of steel
8. Chain wheel Pinion(driving) gear having 14 teeth made up of cast iron.
9. Chain wheel Driven (bull) gear having 42 teeth made up of cast iron. Four
bushes made up of brass or bronze.
10. Nut bolts.
11. Hood or cover made up of sheet metal.
12. Hinge.
13. Round iron bars for hopper.
14. Angle arm for gear box and legs of base.

25
 CHAPTER 6
Automation and Further Modifications In Can Crusher

26
 CHAPTER 6
Automation and Further Modifications In Can Crusher

Automation:
Automation is the use of machines, control systems and information
technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and the
provision of services. The right incentive for automation is to increase
productivity and / or quality beyond what is possible with current levels of
human work to achieve economies of scale and / or achieve predictable
quality levels.
Advantages of automation: The main advantages of automation are:
 Increased throughput or productivity.
 Improved quality or higher quality predictability.
 Improve robustness (consistency), process or product.
 Increase the consistency of the output.
 To reduce the costs and direct costs of human labor.

Application and purpose of automation:

 Automation is used in operations to reduce cycle times.
 Automation is used when high accuracy is required.
 Replace operators in jobs involving heavy or monotonous work.
 Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e.
fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)
 Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size,
weight, speed, endurance, etc.
 Economic improvement: Automation can improve the economy of
business, society, or most of humanity.
 Significantly reduces operating and processing times.
 Free up workers to take on other roles.
 Provides superior work for the development, deployment,
maintenance and execution of automated processes.
In this project, the further modification points are described below:
1. Make it Motor or Engine driven instead of handle driven:
The handle is used in the shredder This box requires more effort
from the operators. To reduce this effort, motor and motor can be
used for the crushing operation. The output shaft of the motor or
motor is connected to the input shaft of the can crusher by means
of a chain gear and a V-belt drive. The speed of the motor is
controlled by a governor.

27
The motor should run at a speed that takes less time to crush can and
protect workers from injury.
In emergency switch is located on the top of the frame to stop the engine
immediately. The engine used for this is a small single cylinder engine.
The output shaft of the motor is connected to the input shaft of the can
crusher by means of a V-belt pulley drive or by means of spur and
helical gears. The engine speed for this is 1000-1500 rpm.
The below given figure shows the motor or engine for this type of can
crusher:-

(a) Motor (b) Engine

Fig. (4)
2. Use of Bearing instead of Bushes: Bearings and bushings provide
mechanical support to the can crusher's rotating shaft. Friction occurs
more in the ring than in the bearing. Bearings ensure smooth and smooth
operation of the can Crusher’s shaft by reducing friction. The ball bearing
fits onto the shaft of the can crusher to transmit force. High performance
ball bearings are smooth and friction free. The two views of ball bearings

are shown below:-

A. Front view B. Isometric view

Fig. 5 28
3. Use of Flywheel on Crank Shaft: Using the flywheel on the
crankshaft provides balanced torque to the piston through the connecting
rod. Using the flywheel balances the crankshaft. The flywheel provides
better speed and torque during canner operation and allows for better
crushing of can with less time and effort.

Fig. 6

29
 CHAPTER 7

Working principle and Innovation

30
 CHAPTER 7
Working principle and Innovation

6.1 Working principle:-

This project works on the principle of the reciprocating engine, i.e. the rotary motion of
the lever is converted into reciprocating motion of the piston, but the difference is that
the engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy using fuel, but in this
crusher human effort can move the piston back and forth using the crankshaft and
connecting rod.
The crankshaft converts the rotary motion into reciprocating motion of the piston by
means of a suitable lever or gear system. Hopper hold the cans. This can crusher
reduces can size by up to 85-90%. In front of the sleeve there is a space from which
the crushed box is ejected by the reciprocating motion of the piston.

31
6.2 Innovation:-
The process of turning an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value
or that the customer will pay.
To be defined as innovation, an idea must be reproduced at an economic cost and
satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves the deliberate application of information,
imagination and initiative to derive more or less different value from resources and
includes all processes by which new ideas are generated. and converted into useful
products.
In this design, innovation is achieved by using the motor or motor as the
transmission as described above "further modification". If a motor is used as a drive
element, a speed controller is used to control the speed of the motor. In the case of the
motor, a gearbox is used to ensure the variation of speed and torque. An emergency
switch near the operator is also needed to stop the can crusher in the event of an
accident.
We use helical gears in this can crusher for smooth power transmission and smooth
operation.

32
 CHAPTER 8

MARKET SURVEY

33
 CHAPTER 8
MARKET SURVEY
Market research is a technique used in market research that reveals the buying behavior and
purchasing power of consumers in an area specific. Market research is any organized effort to
gather information about a market or customer. It is a very important part of business strategy.
The term is often confused with market research, market research is specifically concerned with
marketing processes, while market research is specifically concerned with markets.

Market research is the key to gaining an edge over your competitors. Market research provides
important information for identifying and analyzing market needs, market size and competition.

Market research, including opinion and social research, is the systematic collection and
interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical methods and
techniques and analysis of applied social sciences to better understand or support decision-
making.

During my market research, I noticed that there are different types of can crushers on the
market, such as pneumatic mills, hydraulic mills, mechanical mills and electric mills. Different
can crusher models show different can crusher operating principles, their market value, cost and
operational effort. This information helped me create a new can crusher design.

I collect information from users to better understand their knowledge on the subject and
observe their preferences in certain aspects in order to improve the quality of our products. The
main points discovered during the market survey are given below:-

 Most people test the working effort of the can crusher.

 Most people test the crushing speed of the can crusher.
 Those that do check the depths, check it for the safety.
 People are most interested for the Aesthetic appeal.
 Peoples interested in the long life of can crusher.
 The price of the can crusher should be minimum not too high.

34
 CHAPTER 9
OBSERVATION

35
 CHAPTER 9
OBSERVATION

During my market research, I noticed that there are different types of can crushers in
the market such as hand operated can crusher, foot operated can crusher, pneumatic,
hydraulic and electric can crusher. But among them, manual crushers and foot
crushers are mainly used due to lower cost and less effort for operation

These can crusher smashes the cans from 12 oz to 17 oz. This market research
allowed me to research a variety of canneries and compare them based on various
factors such as raw materials used, functions such as operating principles,
specifications and costs. In this survey, I saw many models of different types of
canneries. There are different models available in the market, they are efficient, quiet
and require little effort on the part of the operator or have a base fixed to the wall or to
a table. Market research helped me understand the different parts as well as the
operation of the crusher which can be operated to some extent by hand and foot.

36
CHAPTER 10
APPLICATION

37
 CHAPTER 10
APPLICATION

Throw away so much soda that a person can drink it in an average life. This results
tremendous amount of space here it not for the can crusher. With the help of can
crusher you can be sure that the size of the canned products will be significantly
reduced. You may have noticed can crusher in shopping malls, hotels, and even
schools or offices.
They have a lot of fun using them. Placing these potential crushers on every street
corner will go a long way in protecting Mother Nature and ourselves. Many countries
will follow it and learn from it. It could make the whole world a much cleaner and better
place to live.
Here is a helpful list I have put together that might give you some ideas for adding
one to your home. The crusher can create many possibilities to recycle your used drink.
Thus reducing the space.
It's fun for kids to use this can crusher. Kids love the satisfaction that comes with a
used cola can.
.

38
CHAPTER 11
CONCUSION

39
 Chapter 11
Conclusion

From the observation, I concluded that there are many types of can crushers
available in the market. I have noticed that there are several models. Of all the possible
mills, I took one that could be moved back and forth by hand and sketched it out freely
on a piece of paper and analyzed the design, and turned its design into solid works.
Then, using a suitable manufacturing process, assemble the can mill. This project
provides knowledge of the manufacturing process and various lever and drive designs
with the use of a V-belt or gear drive mechanism. This project is quite successful and
can satisfy all needs.

40
REFERENCES

41
 References

http://crusher.hnszmachine.com/Product/1.html?gclid=CLKl_vzs5LYCFQEu6wodR0UA
vA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood

http://Engineering%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.mht

http://ezinearticles.com/?Various-Can-Crushers-Available-in-the-Market&id=4340593

http://steel%20Framed%20Homes%20Utilizing%20Red%20Iron%20Frames%20and%
20Light

http://www.amazon.com/Green-Solutions-Foot-Operated-Crusher/product-
reviews/B002AQ4AKI

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/innovation.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/properties-of-cast-iron.html

http://www.csun.edu/scied/4-discrpeant-event/the_can_crush/

http://www.ebay.com/itm/Beer-Soda-Pop-Can-Crusher-Bottle-Opener-Wall-Mount-
Cans-Recycling-Bars-Kitchen-C-
/140922603636?pt=Small_Kitchen_Appliances_US&hash=item20cfa4

http://www.ehow.com/about_5047539_can-crushers.html#ixzz2TTasBUhW

http://www.google.com/patents/US4062283

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/innovation

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-can-crusher.htm

42
https://www.google.com/#sclient=psy-
ab&q=cast+iron+vs.+wood+when+usecd+for+gear+making&oq=cast+iron+vs.+wood+
when+usecd+for+gear+making&gs_l=hp.12...0.0.12.152.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0...0.0...1c..
14.hp.8ZIek3GvuAU&psj=1&fp=1&biw=1092&bih=499&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&cad=b

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=w6GdUfDlC
8K3rge1vIGIDQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1092&bih=499&q=crushing%20rate%20of
%20crusher#hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=crushing+rate+of+can+crusher&oq=crushing+r
ate+of+can+crusher&gs_l=img.3...9892.11152.0.12055.4.4.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0...0.0...1c.1.
14.img.OPzPYuOL0WE&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.46865395,d.bmk&fp=ca490b
5c7739004f&biw=1092&bih=499&imgrc=lI-
Mpcg2wxoSBM%3A%3B8SXj2sgJy2gQnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.plasma-
universe.com%252Fimages%252Fthumb%252F9%252F92%252FCan-
pincher.jpg%252F400px-Can-pincher.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.plasma-
universe.com%252FPinch_(plasma_physics)%3B400%3B239

https://www.google.com/search?q=force+volume+change+during+can+crushing&hl=e
n&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=NZOdUZTtJo7JrAe07oGADA&ved=0CAcQ_AUo
AQ&biw=1092&bih=499

ww.ebay.com/itm/pneumatic-can-crusher-air-powered-norgren-cylinder-aluminum-
soda-can-recycling-
/261216905086?pt=Small_Kitchen_Appliances_US&hash=item3cd1bda77e

43
Appendix / Data Sheets

44
 DataSheets

SR.NO FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS

1 LENGTH OF THE BASE FRAME 30 INCH

2 WIDTH OF THE BASE FRAME 10 INCH
3 DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER OR SLEEVE 3 INCH
4 LENGTH OF CYLINDER 15 INCH
5 DIAMETER OF PISTON 2.85 INCH
6 LENGTH OF PISTON 7 INCH
7 DIAMETER OF THE SHAFTS 1.5 INCH
8 LENGTH OF THE INPUT SHAFT 15 INCH
9 LENGTH OF THE OUTPUT() SHAFT 10.5 INCH
10 NUMBER OF TEETH IN DRIVING(PINION) GEAR 14 TEETH.

11 NUMBER OF TEETH IN DRIVEN (BULL) GEAR 42 TEETH.

12 OUTER DIAMETER OF THE BUSH 2 INCH

13 INNER DIAMETER OF BUSH 1.7 INCH
14 LENGTH OF THE HANDLE 12 INCH
15 LENGTH OF THE CONNECTING ROD 11 INCH
16 MATERIAL OF GEARBOX HOOD SHEET METAL
17 MATERIAL OF BASE CAST IRON
18 MATERIAL OF SLEEVE AND PISTON STEEL

45
GLOSSARY

46
 GLOSSARY

1. Automation :- Automation as "the creation and application of technology to

monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services.”
2. Can crusher :- a device which presses empty metal food containers in order to
reduce their volume before they are disposed of.
3. Corrosion :- Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a
more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfide. It
is the gradual destruction of materials (usually a metal) by chemical and/or
electrochemical reaction with their environment.
4. Deformation :- The forces applied to a body can produce a change in shape
or size or both the shape and size of the body. Such a change is called
deformation.

47