02| ‰iwLK MwZ ‡gv: kvn& Rvgvj

(Linear Motion) mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )

we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR XvKv
‡dvb: 016 70856105, 9125630, 9115369

Mo‡eM (Average Velocity) :

msÁv: †h †Kvb mgq e¨eav‡b †Kvb e¯‘i M‡o cÖwZ GKK mg‡q †h miY nq Zv‡K e¯‘wUi Mo †eM e‡j|

  Δr
e¨L¨v: t mgq e¨eav‡b †Kvb e¯‘i miY r n‡j Mo †eM v  n‡e|
t

‡eM (Velocity):
msÁv: mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i mi‡Yi nvi‡K †eM e‡j|
 
  Δr Δr   
e¨L¨v: t mgq e¨eav‡b †Kvb e¯‘i miY r n‡j †eM v  lim wKš‘ n‡”Q Mo †eM v | myZivs v  lim v
t 0 t t t  0

om
A_©vr mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo †e‡Mi mxgvwšÍK gvb‡KB †eM e‡j|

.c
mg‡eM ev mylg †eM (Uniform Velocity) :

24
hw` †Kvb e¯‘i MwZKv‡j Zvi †e‡Mi gvb I w`K AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †mB e¯‘i †eM‡K mg‡eM e‡j| A_©vr †Kvb e¯‘
hw` wbw`©ó w`‡K mgvb mg‡q mgvb c_ AwZµg K‡i Zvn‡j e¯‘i

bd
†eM‡K mg‡eM e‡j| k‡ãi †eM, Av‡jvi †eM, cÖf„wZ mg‡e‡Mi cÖK…ó

|e
cÖvK…wZK D`vniY|

Amg‡eM (Variable Velocity) t al

m
‡Kvb e¯‘i MwZKv‡j hw` Zvi †e‡Mi gvb ev w`K ev DfqB cwiewZ©Z nq Zvn‡j †mB †eM‡K Amg‡eM e‡j| Avgiv
Ja

mPvivPi †h MwZkxj e¯‘ †`wL Zv‡`i †eM Amg‡eM|

ah

ZvrÿwbK †eM (Instantaneus Velocity) :

GKwU e¯‘ mij ev eµ c‡_ Amg‡e‡M Pj‡j cÖwZwbqZ Gi †e‡Mi cwieZ©b nq| Gfv‡e Amg‡e‡M PjšÍ †Kvb e¯‘i †h
Sh

†Kvb gyû‡Z©i †eM‡K H e¯‘i ZvrÿwbK †eM e‡j| ZvrÿwbK †e‡Mi w`K e¯‘wUi H gyû‡Z©i Ae¯’v‡b AswKZ MwZc‡_i
¯úk©K eivei|
d
M

Z¡iY (Acceleration) :
r


so

  v
mg‡qi mv‡_ †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j| t mgq e¨eav‡b e¯‘i †e‡Mi cwieZ©b v n‡j Z¡iY a  n‡e| Ab¨fv‡e
t
es

ejv hvq mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j| t mgq e¨eav‡b e¯‘i †e‡Mi

of

  v
cwieZ©b v n‡j Z¡iY a  lim n‡e|
Pr

t  0  t

mgZ¡iY ev mylg Z¡iY (Uniform Acceleration) :

GKB w`‡K GKB mgq e¨eav‡b †e‡Mi e„w×i nvi mgvb n‡j Zv‡K mgZ¡iY ev mylg Z¡iY e‡j| AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b gy³fv‡e
cošÍ e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi‡K AwfKl©R Z¡iY e‡j| AwfKl©R Z¡iY, mgZ¡iY wewkó MwZi GKwU cÖKó… D`vniY| mgZ¡i‡Y,
Z¡i‡Yi gvb I w`K mg‡qi mv‡_ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| mgZ¡i‡Y MwZkxj e¯‘‡Z mgej wµqvK‡i e¯‘i cici †m‡K‡Ûi
†e‡Mi

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 2
AšÍiB mgZ¡iY| wP‡Î GKwU mij‡iLv eivei cici †m‡K‡Ûi †eM †`wL‡q Gi Z¡i‡bi cÖK…wZ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b
mgZ¡i‡Yi gvb 2ms2 |

miY ( Displacement ) t wbw`©ó w`‡K e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b‡K miY e‡j| miY‡K s ev d Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi
GKK wgUvi| wbw`©ó w`‡K †Kvb e¯‘ t mgq a‡i v †e‡M Pj‡j, miY s = v t n‡e| miY GKwU †f±i ivwk|

Av‡cwÿK †eM: `ywU MwZkxj e¯‘i GKwUi Zzjbvq (mv‡c‡ÿ) AciwUi Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Av‡cwÿK †eM e‡j|
ga¨ †eM: †Kvb GKwU MwZkxj e¯‘i cÖ_g Ges †kl †eM Gi AwfgyL GKB n‡j Zv‡`i †hvM d‡ji A‡a©K‡K ga¨ †eM
vi  v f
e‡j| ‡Kvb wbw`©ó w`‡K †Kvb e¯‘i Avw`‡eM viI †kl †eM vf n‡j ga¨‡eM = n‡e|
2

om
`ªwZ I †e‡Mi cv_©K¨ (Distinction between Speed and Velocity) :
µwgK `ªywZ ‡eM

.c
‡h †Kvb w`‡K e¯‘i ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K e¯‘i wbw`©ó w`‡K e¯‘i ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K e¯‘i †eM

24
1|
`ªæwZ e‡j| e‡j|

bd
`ªæwZi †Kej gvb Av‡Q, w`K bvB| d‡j `ªæwZ ‡e‡Mi gvb I Av‡Q , w`K I Av‡Q | d‡j, †eM
2|
me©`vB abvZ¡K| abvZ¡K I n‡Z cv‡i FbvZ¡K I n‡Z cv‡i|

|e
3| `ªywZ GKwU †¯‹jvi ivwk ev Aw`K ivwk| ‡eM GKwU †f±i ivwk ev w`K ivwk|
4| `ªæwZ cwigv‡ci h‡š¿i bvg w¯ú‡WvwgUvi|
al
‡eM cwigv‡ci h‡š¿i bvg †fjv‡UvwgUvi|
m
‡Kvb e¯‘ t mg‡q r `yiZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡j wbw`©ó w`‡K ‡Kvb e¯‘ t mg‡q s `yiZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡j
5|
Ja

dr ds
`ªwZ = n‡e| ‡eM = n‡e|
dt dt
ah

†eM I Z¡i‡Yi cv_©K¨ (Distinction between Velocity and Acceleration) :

Sh

µwgK ‡eM Z¡iY

d

wbw`©ó w`‡K e¯‘i ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K e¯‘i mg‡qi mv‡_ †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
1|
M

†eM e‡j|
r

2| †eM‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Z¡iY‡K a Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
so

3| ‡e‡Mi GKK ms1| Z¡i‡Yi GKK ms2|

es

4| ‡e‡Mi gvÎv [LT 1]| Z¡i‡Yi gvÎv [LT 2]|

of

(K) vx  vxo  ax t cÖwZcv`b|

Pr

g‡bKwi, X Aÿ eivei GKwU e¯‘ mylg Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj| Av‡iv awi, GB MwZi cÖviw¤¢K kZ©vw` nj mgq Mbbvi ïiæ‡Z
A_©vr hLb t = 0 ZLb Avw` Ae¯’vb x = 0 Ges Avw`‡eM vx = vxo | Av‡iv awi, t mgq ci e¯‘wUi Ae¯’vb x = x Ges
Ges †eM vx = vx| ‡h‡nZz †h †Kvb gyn‡~ Z©i mg‡qi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb KYvi †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
dv x
myZivs, ax 
dt
hLb t = 0 ZLb vx = vxo Ges x = xo Avevi, hLb t = t ZLb vx = vx Ges x = x
 dv x  ax dt
GB mxgvi g‡a¨ mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i cvB,

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 3
vx t

 dv x  a x  dt  ax  aª “eK
v xo 0
vx t
 v x   ax t 
v x0 o

 v x  v xo  a x t  0 
 v x  v xo  a x t mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj|

1
(L) x  x o  ( v xo  v x )t cÖwZcv`b:
2
g‡bKwi, X Aÿ eivei GKwU e¯‘ mylg Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj| Av‡iv awi, GB MwZi cÖviw¤¢K kZ©vw` nj mgq Mbbvi ïiæ‡Z

om
A_©vr hLb t = 0 ZLb Avw` Ae¯’vb x = x0 Ges Avw`‡eM vx = vxo | Av‡iv awi, t mgq ci e¯‘wUi Ae¯’vb x Ges Ges
†kl‡eM vx | Mo‡e‡Mi msÁv n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb, ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª mgq e¨eav‡b †eM I mgq e¨eav‡bi ¸bd‡ji mgwó wb‡q

.c
Zv‡K †gvU mgq w`‡q fvM Ki‡j H mg‡qi Mo‡eM e‡j| myZivs KYvwUi t mgq ci Mo‡eM v x n‡j,

24
1t
v x   v x dt

bd
t0
1 t dx  dx 

|e
 v x   dt  vx  
t 0 dt  dt 
 x  x o  v x t ... ... ... ... (1)
al
m
mymg Z¡i‡Y Pjgvb e¯‘wUi †ÿ‡Î †eM v x mg‡qi mv‡_ mymgfv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq e‡j †h †Kvb mgq e¨eav‡b Zvi Mo gvb H
Ja

1
mgq e¨eav‡bi ïiæ I †k‡li †e‡Mi gvb؇qi mgwói A‡a©K| A_©vr v x  ( v xo  v x ), v x Gi GB gvb (1) bs
2
ah

1 1
mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB, x  x o  ( v xo  v x ) t  x  x o  ( v xo  v x ) t mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj|
2 2
Sh

1
d

(M) x  xo  vxo t  ax t 2 cÖwZcv`b:

2
M

g‡bKwi, X Aÿ eivei GKwU e¯‘ ax mylg Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj| Av‡iv awi, GB MwZi cÖviw¤¢K kZ©vw` nj mgq Mbbvi ïiæ‡Z
r
so

A_©vr hLb t = 0 ZLb Avw` Ae¯’vb x = xo Ges Avw`‡eM vx = vxo | Av‡iv awi, t mgq ci e¯‘wUi Ae¯’vb x = x Ges
Ges †eM vx = vx| ‡h‡nZz †h †Kvb gyn‡~ Z©i mg‡qi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb KYvi †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
es

dvx
myZivs, ax 
of

dt
 dvx  ax dt hLb t = 0 ZLb vx = vxo Ges x = xo Avevi, hLb t = t ZLb vx = vx Ges x = x GB
Pr

mxgvi g‡a¨ mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i cvB,

vx t

 dv x  a x  dt  ax  aª æeK 
v xo 0

 v x vxxo  ax t o
v t

 vx  vxo  ax t  0
 vx  vxo  ax t ... ... ... ... ... (1) †h †Kvb gyû‡Z© e¯‘i miY e„w×i nvi‡K †eM e‡j| D³
dx dx
(1) mgxKi‡Y vx  ewm‡q cvB,  v xo  a x t
dt dt
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 4
 dx  vxo dt  a x t dt
x t t
  dx  v xo  dt  a x  t dt
xo o o
t
t2 
 x   v xo t   ax  
x t
xo o
 2 o
1
 x  xo  vxo t  0   a x t 2  0 
2
1
 x  xo  vxot  a xt 2 mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj|
2
1 2 1 2

om
ev,  x  xo  vxot  a xt  S  v xot  a xt mgxKiYwUI cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj| w¯’i
2 2

.c
1 2
Ae¯’vb †_‡K mgZ¡i‡Y Pjgvb e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î, v xo  0 Ges a x  aª æeK ,d‡j S  0   aª æeK  t  S  aª æeK t 2

24
2
2
 S t Kv‡RB, w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K mgZ¡i‡Y Pjgvb e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ `yiZ¡ mg‡qi e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK|

bd
|e
(N) v 2x  v 2xo  2ax ( x  x o ) cÖwZcv`b :
al
m
awi, GKwU e¯‘ X Aÿ eivei ax mylg Z¡i‡Y MwZkxj| GB MwZi cÖviw¤¢K kZ©vw` nj hLb mgq Mbbvi ïiæ‡Z hLb t = 0
ZLb Avw` Ae¯’vb x = xo Ges Avw`‡eM vx = vxo Avevi, t mgq ci KYvwUi Ae¯’vb x Ges †eM vx | †h‡nZz ‡h †Kvb
Ja

gyn‡~ Z© mg‡qi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘i †eM e„w×i nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|

ah

dv x
myZivs Z¡ iY a x 
dt
Sh

dv dx
 ax  x 
dx dt
d

dv  dx 
M

 ax  x  v x   vx 
dx  dt 
r

 v x dv x  a x dx
so

hLb x = xo ZLb vx = vxo Ges hLb x = x ZLb vx = vx GB mxgvi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i cvB,
es

vx x

 v x dv x  ax  dx
of

v xo xo
Pr

vx
 v2 
  x   a xx
x x
 2  vxo o

v 2x  v 2xo
  ax ( x  x o )
2
 v 2x  v 2xo  2a x ( x  x o ) mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 5
1 (2t  1)
(O) s t  v o  a (2t  1) ev, s t  v o  a cÖwZcv`b :
2 2
g‡bKwi, vo Avw`‡e‡M Ges a mgZ¡i‡Y AB mij‡iLv eivei Pjgvb KYvwUi Avw` Ae¯’vb A we›`y‡Z| (t-1) †m‡K‡Û Ges t
†m‡K‡Û hw` Gi Ae¯’vb h_vµ‡g C I B we›`y‡Z nq Z‡e t Zg †m‡K‡Û e¯‘ KYvwU BC `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e| MwZi
m~Îvbyhvqx t †m‡K‡Û e¯‘ KZ…K AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ AB
1
AB  v0 t  at 2 ... ... ... ... ... (1)
2
(t-1) †m‡K‡Û e¯‘ KZ…K AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ AC
1
AC  v 0 ( t  1)  a ( t  1) 2 ... ... ... ... ... (2)
2
Kv‡RB t Zg †m‡K‡Û e¯‘ KZ…K AwZµvšÍ Í `yiZ¡ st n‡j

om
st = CB
 s t  AB  AC

.c
 1   1 
 s t  v 0 t  at 2   v 0 (t  1)  a ( t  1) 2 

24
 2   2 

bd
1 1
 s t  v 0 t  at 2  v 0 ( t  1)  a (t  1) 2
2 2

|e
1 2 1 2
 s t  v 0 t  at  v 0 t  v 0  a (t  2t  1)
2 2
1 1
 s t  v 0 t  at 2  v 0 t  v 0  at 2  at  a
1
al
m
2 2 2
Ja

1
 s t  v 0  at  a
2
ah

1
 s t  v 0  at  a
2
Sh

1 (2 t  1)
s t  v o  a (2 t  1) ev, s t  v o  a mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj|
2 2
d
M

Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î me©vwaK D”PZv wbY©q :

r

g‡bKwi, †Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K v0 †e‡M †Qvov nj| G †ÿ‡Î e¯‘i Dci wµqviZ Z¡iY = g, KviY g
so

c„w_exi †K›`ªvwfgyLx| Kv‡RB h D”PZvq v MwZ‡eM AR©b Ki‡j MwZi mgxKiY †_‡K Avgiv cvB, v 2  v 2o  2gH Kv‡RB
es

e¯‘wU D‡aŸ© DV‡Z _vK‡j Gi †kl †e‡Mi gvb µgkt Kg‡Z _vK‡e| Kv‡RB †h we›`y‡Z wbwÿß e¯‘i †eM k~b¨ H we›`yB
e¯‘i MwZ c‡_i m‡e©v”P we›`y wb‡`©k K‡i| myZivs †h we›`y‡Z e¯‘i †kl ‡eM k~b¨, †mB we›`yi D”PZv H n‡j ,
of

0 2  v o2  2gH
Pr

v 2o v o2
H  Kv‡RB Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î -B nj e¯‘ KZ©…K AwZµvšÍ Í m‡e©v”P
2g 2g
D”PZv|

Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î me©vwaK D”PZvq †cŠQ‡Z mgq wbY©q :
g‡bKwi, †Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K vo †e‡M †Qvov nj| G †ÿ‡Î e¯‘i Dci wµqviZ Z¡iY = -g, KviY g
c„w_exi †K›`ªvwfgyLx| t mgq c‡i †Kvb wbw`©ó D”PZvq e¯‘wUi †eM v n‡j, MwZi mgxKiY n‡Z cvB, v = vo  gt Kv‡RB
†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †eM ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K| †Kvb wbw`©ó D”PZvq hLb gt Gi gvb vo Gi mgvb
ZLb †kl †eM v = 0 n‡e| A_©vr e¯‘wU Avi Dc‡i DV‡Z cvi‡e bv| GB D”PZvB m‡Ÿ©v”P D”PZv| awi, m‡e©v”P D”PZvq
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 6
vo v
MgbKvj t, myZiv&s 0 = vo gt  t  Kv‡RB Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î o -B nj e¯‘ KZ©…K AwZµvšÍ
g g
m‡e©v”P D”PZvq †cŠQ‡bvi mgq|

Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î DÌv‡bi, cZ‡bi, DÌvb cZ‡bi mgq wbY©q :
g‡bKwi, †Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K vo †e‡M †Qvov nj| G †ÿ‡Î e¯‘i Dci wµqviZ Z¡iY = g, KviY g
c„w_exi †K›`ªvwfgyLx| t mgq c‡i h D”PZvq e¯‘wUi †eM v n‡j MwZi mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
v = vo – gt ... ... ... ... (1)
Ges v 2  v 2o  2gH ... ... ... (2)
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i †eM ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K| GB †eM GK mgq 0 (k~b¨) n‡e| A_©vr
e¯‘wU Avi Dc‡i DV‡e bv| d‡j e¯‘wU †h D”PZvq D‡V ZvB-B e¯‘ KZ©…K AwZµvšÍ me©vwaK D”PZv H| awi GB D”PZvq

om
†h‡Z mgq jv‡M t1 myZivs (1) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
0 = vo – gt1

.c
v

24
 t1  o ... ... ... ... ... (3)
g

bd
v
me©vwaK D”PZvq DÌvb Kvj t 1  o , Avevi (2) mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
g

|e
2
0  v o  2gH
v o2
H  ... ... ... ... (4) al
me©vwaK D”PZvq e¯‘i †kl‡eM k~b¨| Kv‡RB m‡e©v”P D”PZv n‡Z f~wg‡Z
m
2g
covi mgq Gi Avw`‡eM n‡e k~b¨ Ges ïay AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Y e¯‘wU wb‡P co‡Z _vK‡e| m‡e©v”P we›`y †_‡K f~wg‡Z wd‡i
Ja

Avm‡Z t2 mgq jvM‡j, MwZi mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,

ah

1
H  0  t 2  gt 22
2
Sh

1 v2
 gt 22  H  0
2 2g
d

v o2
M

 t 22 
g2
r
so

v
 t 2  o ... ... ... ... (5)
g
es

DÌvb cZ‡bi †gvU mgq T n‡j T = t1+t2

of

v v
T o  o
g g
Pr

2v
 T  o BnvB DÌvb cZ‡bi †gvU mgq|
g

Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘ fywg‡Z wd‡i Avmvi mgq wbY©q :
g‡bKwi, †Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K vo Avw`‡e‡M †Qvov nj| G †ÿ‡Î e¯‘i Dci wµqviZ Z¡iY = g,
KviY g c„w_exi †K›`ªvwfgyLx| d‡j e¯‘wUi †eM ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡e Ges GKwU wbw`©ó D”PZvq †eM k~b¨ n‡e A_©vr
e¯‘wU Avi Dc‡i DV‡ebv| Kv‡RB GB D”PZvq e¯‘ K©Z…K AwZµvšÍ Í m‡e©v”P D”PZv| awi m‡e©v”P D”PZv H, d‡j MwZi
mgxKiY †_‡K cvB, v 2  v 2o  2gH
 0  v o2  2gH
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 7
2
vo
H  ... ... ... (1)
2g
Avevi m‡e©v”P D”PZv †_‡K fywg‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©bKv‡j e¯‘i Avw`‡eM k~b¨ n‡e Ges ïay gvÎ AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Y e¯‘wU wb‡P co‡Z
_vK‡e| m‡e©v”P we›`y †_‡K fywg‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z e¯‘i t mgq jvM‡j MwZi mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,
1
H  0  t  gt 2
2
2
v 1
 o  gt 2
2g 2
2
2 v 
 t   o 
 g 

om
v
 t  o ... ... ... ... (2) BnvB m‡e©v”P D”PZv n‡Z cZbKvj|
g

.c
awi, fywg‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z †h mgq jv‡M †mB mg‡qi †k‡l e¯‘i †eM = v

24
myZivs v = 0 + gt
v

bd
 v  g o
g

|e
 v  v o myZivs f~wg †_‡K e¯‘‡K †h †e‡M Dc‡ii
w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nq, e¯‘wU wd‡i G‡m †mB †e‡M f~wg‡Z AvNvZ K‡i|
al
m
cošÍ e¯‘i m~Î eY©bv (Laws of falling bodies) :
Ja

evavnxb fv‡e cošÍ e¯‘ wb‡¤§v³ wZbwU m~Î †g‡b P‡j| 1589 wLª÷v‡ã weÁvbx M¨vwjwjI m~Î wZbwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib t
1g m~Ît e¯‘ mgvb mg‡q mgvb c_ AwZµg K‡i|
ah

2q m~Ît wbw`©ó mg‡q e¯‘ †h †eM jvf K‡i Zv H mg‡qi mgvbycvwZK| t mg‡q v †eM jvf Ki‡j, m~Îvbyhvqx †eM n‡e,
Sh

vt
3q m~Ît wbw`©ó mg‡q e¯‘ KZ…K AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ H mg‡qi e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK| t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `yiZ¡ h n‡j, m~Îvbyhvqx
D”PZv n‡e, ht 2
d
M

¯^b©gy`ªv I cvjK cixÿv:

r
so

hš¿cvwZt (K) j¤^v GKwU k³, †gvUv I duvcv `yBgyL †Lvjv KvPbj B| (L) GKwU Uzwc C
(M) GKwU ÷c KK© S (N) GKwU cvjK |
es

cixÿvi weeiY: KvPb‡ji GKcÖv‡šÍGKwU Uzwc C Ges Aci cÖv‡šÍGKwU ÷c KK© S _v‡K|
of

Uzwc Ly‡j GKwU ¯^b©gy`ªv G Ges GKwU cvjK F b‡ji g‡a¨ XyKv‡bv nq| ócK‡K©i Pvwe Ly‡j
Pr

cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ bjwU‡K evqyc~b© ev evqyk~b¨ Kiv hvq| bjwU‡K nVvr Dwë‡q gy`ªv I cvjK‡K
wb‡Piw`‡K co‡Z †`Iqv nq| cixÿvq †`Lv hvq †h (1) evqyc~b© Ae¯’vq gy`ªvwU cvj‡Ki Av‡M
wb‡Pi cÖv‡šÍc‡o| (2) evqyk~b¨ Ae¯’vq gy`ªv I cvjK GKB mv‡_ wb‡Pi cÖv‡šÍ c
Í ‡o|
djvdjt evqyk~b¨ ¯’v‡b mKj e¯‘ mgvb mg‡q mgvb c_ AwZµg K‡i|

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 02| ‰iwLK MwZ (Linear Motion) 8
1
mgZ¡iY MwZi †ÿ‡Î †eM ebvg mgq (v  t)†jLwPÎ AsKb Ges †jLwPÎ n‡Z s  v o t  at 2 mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b:
2
mgZ¡i‡Y MwZkxj †Kvb e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î X A‡ÿi w`‡K mgq t Ges Y A‡ÿi w`‡K †eM v wb‡q v ebvg t ‡jL wPÎ AsKb
Kiv nj| GwU Y Aÿ‡K †Q`Kvix GKwU mij †iLv nq hv, v = vo+at mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j| GB ‡jLwPÎ †_‡K t mg‡q
e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s wbb©q Kiv hvq| AB ‡iLvi Dci †h †Kvb we›`y P †bqv nq| P †_‡K X A‡ÿi Dci PQ j¤^ Uvbv
nq| Zvn‡j OQ = t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s n‡e AOQP ‡ÿ‡Îi
†ÿÎdj| aiv hvK, KYvwUi mgZ¡iY a
Ges Avw`‡eM, vo = AO
AwZµvšÍ mgq, t = OQ
Ges t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ , s = AOQP ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj|

om
= AOQR ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj  ARP ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj|
= AO×OQ + 1
2 ×AR×PR

.c
s = AO×OQ + 12 ×OQ×PR [∵ AR = OQ ]

24
wKš‘ AB ‡iLvi Xvj n‡”Q KYvwUi Z¡iY a,

bd
PR
a 
AR

|e
PR = a×AR
= a×OQ
s = AO×OQ + 12 ×OQ×a×OQ
al
m
 s = AO×OQ + 12 ×a×OQ2
Ja

1
 s  v o t  at 2 mgxKiYwU cÖwZcv`b Kiv nj| 
2
ah
Sh
d
r M
so
es
of
Pr

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com