1.

Rural development
Definition;- Rural development can be defined as an integrated development of the area
and the people through optimum development and utilisation of local resource-physical,
biological and human and by bringing about necessary institutional, structural, and
attitudinal changes of rural public.
Objectives;- More production, more employment, more equitable distribution of income
and emphasis on the rural poor. Local leveled planning is then a tool to translate these
objectives in to concert program in a local area. The efficacy of local level planning for rural
development will depend on the extent of decentralization of decision-making, planning
administration and budgeting to the local level.
Characteristics;- Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy about 72.2% in 2001
census, of its population lives in rural areas, mainly dependent on agriculture in order to
meet food, fuel, firewood and fiber requirement of ever increasing population, it is essential
to develop a system through which most of these needs of the people are met from the
resource available within the village ecosystem as for as possible without disturbing
environmental and ecological balance.

2.Animal welfare;- The impact of research on animals varies from almost insignificant
effects on some animals(for instance where nothing more occurs then observation of their
behavior) to major effects on some that under go very painful or distressing procedures the
welfare of animas may also be affected if their housing and husbandry does not meet their
needs.
Harm;- Pain- some experiments may involve surgery on animals are the induction of
potentially painful condition like arthritis or cancer to look for new treatments. Whilst there
is some debate about how animals perceive and process pain it is likely that many animal
species do suffer painful experiences. Research has shown that many species respond to
stimuli that could be painful in humans and that painkilling drugs can reduce there
responses to such stimuli.
Strategy for rural development;- 1. The rate of transfer of people out of low productivity
agriculture and related activities into more rewarding pursuits has been slow and given the
relative size of the modern sector in the most developing countries, it will remain slow.
2. the mass of the people in rural areas face varying decries of poverty their position is likely
to get worse, if population expand unprecedented rates, while limitations continue
regarding availability of resources technology and institution and organization.
Computer ethics are a set of moral standards that govern the use of computers.  It is
society’s views about the use of computers, both hardware and software.  Privacy
concerns(hacking,malware, data protection , anonymity), intellectual property
rights(copyright, plagiarism cracking, software license) and effects on the society(jobs, social
impact, environmental impact) are some of the common issues of computer ethics.
Lab safety

 appropriate usage of protective equipment and clothing

 safe handling of materials in laboratories
 safe operation of equipment
 safe disposal of materials
 safety management and accountability
 hazard assessment processes
 safe transportation of materials between laboratories
 safe design of facilities
 emergency responses
 safety education of all personnel before entering the laboratory
 applicable government regulations