By: Joshua Joye O.

Caguioa, LPT
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND CHAPTER
1
RESEARH
There are many things you want to know in this world. People, things, places,
events—their characteristics or qualities make you wonder continuously, frequently, or
intermittently. Marveling at them, you tend to immerse yourself in a situation where you
seem to be grappling with a problem or a puzzle. Questions after questions on the many
aspects of the object of your curiosity prod you to move, act, or do something to find
answers to your questions or to discover truths about your inferences or speculations on
such object. Behaving like an investigator, asking and seeking answers to some questions
about the thing you find puzzling indicates the true nature of inquiry or research.
OBJECTIVES
WHAT TO KNOW
After studying this Chapter, the students are expected to;
 Describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.
 Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields
 Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses
PRE ASSESSMENT
WHAT I KNOW
Answer the questions below. Follow instructions properly.
PART I. TRUE or FALSE. Write QUANTITATIVE when the sentence is TRUE while
QUALITATIVE if the statement is FALSE.
1. In quantitative research, researchers know in advance what they are looking for.
_______________
2. Quantitative research can be easily misinterpreted because it provides
numerical data. _______________
3. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery.
_______________
4. Normative research is conducted by researcher whose aim would be to find out
the direction and/or relationship between different variables or group of
respondents under study. _________________
5. Qualitative research requires a large number of respondents. It assumes that
the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
___________________
6. Evaluation describes the status of a phenomenon at a particular time. It describes
without value judgment a situation that prevents. ____________________
7. Correlational is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out
the direction and/or relationship between different variables or groups of
respondents under study. _____________________
8. Methodological is the implementation of a variety of methodologies that forms a
critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scaled-matched approach, where
data from different disciplines can be integrated. ___________________
9. One characteristics of quantitative research is that its method can be repeated
to verify findings in another setting, thus, reinforcing validity findings.
_____________________
10. In quantitative experiments it filters out external factors, if properly designed,
and so the results gained can be seen, as real and unbiased.
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INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
WHATI WANT TO KNOW
Humans are naturally sceptical; we tend to question the existence of everything
which arouses our curiosity. We always ask question and test theories about ourselves,
others, phenomenon, and the world around us. The questions like, “Bakit ganon?”,
“Paano kaya nangyari yun?” and “Ano kaya mangyayari kapag ganito?” are proof that
humans have higher intellect and we can think critically to solve and answer a problem.
―Ang research ay umiikot sa isang problema na layon mong sagutin at mga
hakbang kung paano mo ito mabibigyan ng sagot o solusyon.‖ We are already
engaging ourselves into research when we are looking for and into something.
The word research was coined from the French word ―cerhier” which means
seek. The prefix ―re‖ means repeat. Literally, research is to look for something again .
Question: Research by definition means to look for something again,” if the answer to a
problem was already found before, why should we search for it again? Write your answer
below.
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Source:https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/89298005081195103/
Differentiating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Perspectives
Based from image1, the boy represents qualitative perspective while the girl shows
quantitative perspective. From it, what do you think is the difference between
qualitative and quantitative research? Write your answers below.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Qualitative Research Perspectives
Qualitative research is used to give an understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations. Also, it uncovers trends in thought and
opinions and DIG DEEPER into the problem.
Ang qualitative research ay sumasaklaw lamang sa mga datos na hindi
nabibilang, halimabawa nito ay mga opinyon, saloobin, at mga salaysay na may
layuning bigyan nang mas malalim na kaalaman ang mga mananaliksik tungkol sa
problemang inaalam.
Quantitative Research Perspectives
Quantitative research is an objective, systematic empirical investigation of
observable phenomena through the use of computational techniques. Simply
quantitative data is concerned with numbers and its relationships with events.
Ang quantitative research ay napaka objectib dahil ang mga impormasyon
na makakalap ay kinakailangan naobserbahan at dumaan sa masusuning
pagsusuri (Validity and Reliability). Ang mga datos na nakalap ay isinasalin sa
mga numerikal na bilang upang magamitan nang angkop na statistics (i.e: Rating
Scale, Likert Scale, Laboratory results, and etc).
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Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
CHARACTERISTIC OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Here are the characteristics of quantitative research from Faltado et.al, 2016.
Objective- seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target concepts. It is not
based on mere intuitions and guesses.
-Nakabase lamang ang iyong mga impormasyon sa mga nakita at naobserbahan na
pangyayari o datos. Hindi ito pwedeng samahan ng anumang impormasyon o datos
na hindi nakita at naobserbahan.
Clearly Defined Research Questions- researchers know in advance what they are
looking for. Research questions are well-defined for which objective answers are
sought. Questions are based on the objectives of the study.
- Ang bawat pagaaral o pananaliksik ay dapat mayroong malinaw na layunin upang
magkaroon ito nang direksyon at makuha ang pinakatamang impormasyon sa iyong
pagaaral/pananaliksik.
Structured Research Instrument- data are normally gathered using tools such as
questionnaires to collect characteristics of population.
- Ang paggamit ng mga research instrument ay malaking tulong upang mas
mapagtibay ang validity at reliability nang iyong nakalap na impormasyon.
Validity- Tumutukoy ito sa kung gaano nito kayang sukatin ng tama o hanapin ng
tama ang mga impormasyon base sa iyong research problem. Nasusukat o
nahahanap ba nito ang dapat nyang sukatin o hanapin?
Large Sample Size- to arrive at a more reliable result, a normal population
distribution is preferred. The use of power analysis to determine the sample size
based on the power of statistical test being used in highly relevant nowadays.
- Ang paggamit nang maraming respondents o participants sa iyong pananaliksik ay
makakatulong upang mas maging kapani-paniwala ang iyong mga nakalap na datos
o impormasyon.
Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
Replication- reliable studies can be repeated to verify or confirm the correctness of
the results in another setting. It strengthens the validity of the findings thus
eliminating the possibility of hoax or false positive conclusions.
Future Outcomes- by using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of
computers. If –then scenarios may be formulated thus predicting future results.
STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
COLUMN: Based on the Data: Defend or Defy?
Kailan natin paniniwalaan at tatalikuran ang mga impormasyong nababasa sa
mga pagaaral? Ang pananaliksik ay isang maprosesong gawain, hangad lamang nito
na bigyang sagot ang bawat katanungan. Ngunit ang resulta nga ba nang mga
pagaaral na ito ay laging tama?
Ang quantitative research ay ginagamitan nang matematika upang maiwasan
ang bias at makuha ang eksaktong resulta. Lahat ng impormasyon na iyong
makakalap ay kinakailangang mailipat sa numerikal na bilang upang magamitan ng
angkop na statistics. Dahil dito, isinasantabi natin ang damdamin ng mga respondents
ukol sa problema at naka pokus lamang tayo sa nilalaman ng ating instrument or
questionnaire. Sa pagsasagawa ng quantitative research, kinakailangan natin ng
maraming respondents upang sa ganun ay mas maging kapanipaniwala ang mga
datos na makakalap.
Ang mga nabanggit ay patunay lamang na ang quantitative research ay
objective at nakabase lamang sa kung ano ang mga nakalap na impormasyon gamit
ang iyong instrument. Ngunit, ang pagsasantabi nga ba ng damdamin, saloobin,
kwento at opinion nang mga respondents ay mali? Wala nga ba tayong makukuhang
importanteng impormasyon mula dito? Masasabi nga ba nating tama ang resulta ng
pagaaral kung isinantabi natin ang mga saloobin nila ukol sa problema? Kailan natin
masasabi kung kalian at saan nagkulang ang quantitative research?
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 Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry) Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)

Strengths of Quantitative Research KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

The advantage of quantitative research includes:

Research Design refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order to
1. It is objective. Since it provides numerical data, it can‘t be easily
integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby
misinterpreted.
ensuring you will effectively address research problem. Furthermore, a research design
2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analysis and
constitutes the blueprint for the selection, measurement and analysis of data. The
allows you to comprehend a huge amount of vital characteristics of data.
research problem determines the research design you should use.
3. The numerical data can be analysed in a quick and easy way by employing
statistically valid random models, findings can be generalized to the Ang research design ay naglalaman ng malinaw na plano kung papaano mo
population about which information is necessary. bibigyan ng dereksyon o kasagutan ang mga katanungan mo sa iyong research. Ito ay
4. Quantitative studies are replicable. Standardized approaches allow the nagsisilbing framework o outline para maisagawa ng maayos ang pananaliksik.
study to be replicated in different areas or over time with the formulation of
comparable findings. Quantitative research designs are generally classified experimental and non-
experimental as the following matrix shows.
5. Because of a bigger number of the sample of a population, the results or
generalization are more reliable and valid.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

The disadvantage of quantitative research includes:

1. Quantitative research requires large number of respondents. It is assumed

that the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
2. It is costly. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative
research, the expenses will be greater in reaching out to these people and
in producing the instruments. Also some test needs experiment or
laboratory thus, it is really expensive.
3. The information contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain
variations are usually ignored. It does not consider the distinct capacity of
the respondents to share and elaborate further information unlike the
qualitative research.
4. A lot of information is difficult to gather using structured research
instruments, specifically on sensitive issues like pre-marital sex, domestic
violence, among others.
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 Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH DESIGN
Experimental research is concerned primarily with cause and effect
relationships in which all experimental studies involve manipulation or control of the
independent variables (causes) and measurement of the dependent variables
(effects). This design utilizes the principle of research known as the method of
difference. This means that the effect of a single variable applied to the situation can
be assessed, and the difference likewise be determined (Mill, as cited in Sevilla,
2003).A variable is anything that may assume varied numerical or categorical values.
Ang variable ay tumutukoy sa anumang bagay tulad ng edad, kasarian,
pangyayari, obserbasyon at ano pa mang katangian na nagbabago ang sukat,
halaga o epekto depende sa oras at sitwasyon. Layunin ng experimental research na
sukatin ang epekto at pagkakaiba ng dalawang variables sa pamamagitan ng
pagmamanipula o pagcontrol ng mga ito.
Experiments can be carried out in a laboratory or in a field setting. Laboratory
experimentation is the most regulated method, involving the introduction of certain
conditions into a controlled environment stimulates key characteristics of a natural
environment.
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN
Survey research is used to gather information from group of people by
selecting and studying samples chosen from a population. It may be done in various
ways like face to face, phone call, mail and online. The investigations are conducted
through self-report. Surveys generally ask respondents to report on their attitudes,
opinions, perceptions, or behavior. Thus, survey studies aims at describing
characteristics, opinions, population (Wilson 1990).
Halimbawa ng isang survey research ay ang customer satisfaction rating,
ang bawat ahensya ay regular na nagpapasagot ng questionnaire upang malaman
ang tugon o opinion ng kanilang mga customer sa serbisyong ipinapakita nila.
Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
This design is utilized for the purpose of accurately portraying a
population that has been chosen because of some specific characteristics. It is
also used to determine the extent or direction of attitudes and behaviors. This
design aims to gather more information about characteristics within a peculiar field
of study. The purpose is to provide a picture of a situation as in naturally happens.
It may be used to develop theories, justify current clinical practices or identify
problems with them, aid in making professional judgements, or determine what
other practitioners in similar situations are doing. No manipulation of variables is
involved in descriptive design.
Halimbawa ng mga karaniwang paksa sa descriptive research ay ang
pagaaral kung ilang oras ang ginugugol ng mga kabataan sa paggamit ng social
media, bilang ng mga malnourished na estudyante na bumabagsak sa mga
pagsusulit, mga suliranin ng mga medical front liners sa mga pampublikong
hospital dulot ng COVID19 pandemic.
COMPARATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
This design is used to compare and contrast representative samples from
two or more groups of subjects in relation to certain designated variables that
occur in normal conditions. The results obtained from these analyses are
frequently not generalized in a population.
Halimbawa ng compative research ay ang pagaaral kung sino ang may
maraming isyung pangkalusugan, ang mga nakatira ba sa probinsya o ang mga
nasa siyudad.
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH DESIGN
The design is used to investigate the direction and magnitude of
relationships among variables in a particular population. Likewise, it is designed to
study the changer in one characteristics or phenomenon which corresponds to the
changes in another or with one another
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Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
A wide range of variable scores is necessary to determine the existence
of a relationship. Thus, the sample should reflect the full range of scores, if
possible, on the variables being measured.
Halimbawa nito ay ang pagaaral ukol sa relasyon ng dami ng mga tao na
nagsusuot ng face mask at pagbaba ng bilang ng mga kaso ng COVID19.
Pagaaral tungkol sa relasyon ng madalas na traffic at dami ng mga aksidente sa
lansangan.
EVALUATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
This design involves making judgment of worth or value. It allows the
researcher to delineate, obtain, and provide information that is useful to judging
decision alternatives when conducting a program or service. The evaluative
design form can be formative (process) or summative (outcome). Evaluation
research is conducted to elicit useful feedback from a variety of respondents from
various fields to aid in decision making or policy information.
Halimbawa nito ay ang paggamit ng mga test (Pilot testing) upang
malaman kung nagiging epiktibo nga ba ang paraan ng pagtuturo o masukat kung
angkop nga ba ang curriculum na napili para sa mga magaaral.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF VARIABLE
VARIABLE
One of the aspects of research is to describe and explain variables. A
variable is a central concept in research. It is a measurable characteristic that
changes in value. It may vary from one group to another group, one person to
another or even with the same person overtime. A variable is anything that may
assume varied numerical or categorical values. For instance, sex is a variable, it
may be a male or female but it won‘t be applicable as a variable if the setting of
the research is an exclusive school for girls
Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE VARIABLES
A variable that can take infinite number on the value that can occur within
a population is known as continuous variable. Its values can be divided into
fractions. Examples of this type of variable include age, height, and temperature.
Discrete variable or also known as categorical or classificatory variable, on the
other hand, it is any variable that has a limited number of distinct values and
which cannot be divided into fractions like sex, blood group, and number of
children in the family.
Simply, your age can be 17.5 years old so it is a continuous variable but
your parents cannot have 4.5 children so it is a discrete variable. Continuous
variables can be further categorized as either interval or ratio variables:
Interval variable is a measurement where the difference between two values
does have meaning. The difference between a temperature of 60 degrees and 50
degrees is the same difference as between 3o degrees and 20 degrees. The
interval between values makes sense and can be interpreted.
Ratio variable possesses the properties of interval variable and has a clear
definition of zero, indication that there is none of that variable. Examples of ratio
variable include height, weight, and distance. But temperature measured in
degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit is not a ratio variable because 0 under
these temperature scales does not mean no temperature at all.
Discrete variables can be further categorized as nominal and ordinal:
Nominal variable is a variable with no quantitative value. It has two or more
categories but does not imply ordering of cases. Common examples of this variable
include eye color, business type, and religion. A sub-type of nominal scale with only
two categories just like sex (e.g. male/female) is known as dichotomous.
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Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
Ordinal variable is a variable that has two or more categories which can be
ranked. If you asked people if they liked listening to music while studying and they
could answer either ‗‘Not very much‘‘, ‗‘Much‘‘ or ‗‘Very Much‘‘ then you have an
ordinal variable. While we can rank them, we cannot place a value to them. In this
type, distances between attributes do not have ny meaning. For example, you
used educational attainment as a variable on a survey, you might code
elementary school graduate = 1, high school graduate = 2, college undergraduate
= 3, and college graduate =4. In this measure, higher number means greater
education. Even though we can rank these from lowest to highest, the spacing
between the values may not be the same across the levels of the variables. The
distance between 3 and 4 is not the same with the distance between 1 and 2.
DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
In a typical study, the researcher starts with an effect and investigates on its
possible causes. The cause variable or the one responsible for the conditions that
act on something else to bring about changes is the independent variable.
Dependent variable also called outcome variable is the result or effect of the
changes brought about by another variable (usually independent variable).
In a certain study, a group of students was subjected to aroma therapy
using essential oils while reading and another group read under normal
conditions, then after a month both groups took a reading comprehension test. In
this case, the reading comprehension test score is the dependent variable and
exposure to aroma therapy is the independent variable. This is because the test
score is dependent on whether or not the student was exposed to aroma therapy.
The independent variable exposure to aroma therapy is independent because it is
something that brought about the change.
Halimbawa. Layunin mong malaman kung ano ang epekto ng pabago-
bagong temperatura ng tubig sa pagdami o produksyon ng mga tilapia.
Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)
Upang malaman ito kumuha ka ng sample at hinati ito sa tatlong group.
Ang unang group ay mayroon mainit na temperatura ng tubig, ang pangalawang
grupo ay malamig, samantala ang ikatlo ay may katamtamang temperatura na
nakabase sa kung ano ang kailangan ng mga tilapia. Inobserbahan mo ang
magiging epekto nito sa pagdami ng mga tilapia. Ang una at pangalawang grupo
ay tinatawag na experimental group dahil binago mo ang isang katangian nito
(Temperatura) upang makita ang magiging epekto nito sa pagdami ng mga
tilapia. Ang temperatura ay ang iyong independent variable dahil ito ang
nagbibigay nang dahilan sa produksyon ng mga mga isda. Ang pagdami o
produksyon ng mga tilapia naman ang iyong Dependent variable dahil ditto
makikita ang epekto ng independent variable. Samantala ang ikatlong group
naman ay ang control group dahil dito mo ibabase lahat ng resulta kung
mayroon bang pagbabago o wala.
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
In the field of science, research plays a vital role especially now that we
are facing a pandemic, most of our resources for combating this virus are based
in research, even the development of vaccines are based from past
researches/studies. What do you think will happen if we do not have this kind of
information today? Do you think we will survive this crisis?
In the field of ICT, the use and development of mobile application and soft
wares are the key changer in this new normal since face to face transactions are
being limited and most of our works are now going online. The example of this is
the project of DOST wherein real time data about COVID19 are being analysed
for contact tracing to prevent the spread of virus.
In the field of Humanities, the improvement of social work and media
information is very significant since accurate and real information is our protection
against this virus. With proper coordination with media this will be a life saver. 7
Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry) Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)

ASSESSMENT (WHAT I LEARN) B. Classify the given variables according to its general
type. (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio)
A. Direction: Write your concise learning about the following questions. 1. Brand of Printers -
________________________________
Question: Based from the column, based on the data: Defend or Defy. What 2. External Memory Capacity -
could be the weakness and strengths of quantitative research? ________________________________
3. Typing Skill level -
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 4. Volume capacity -
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 5. Phases of matter -
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 6. Amount of leaves extract -
_______________________________________________________________ ________________________________
7. Satisfaction Rating of the Senators -
Question: If you want to conduct a research study about the experiences of ―NO
Work, NO PAY‖ workers because of COVID19 and decided to use quantitative ________________________________
research, what could be the pros and cons of your study? 8. Number of family members -
________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 9. Dialects -
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 10. Net Income -
_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ C. Figure out the independent and dependent variables in the
_________________________________________________________________ following situation
_________________________________________________________________ Situation 1: You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans.
_________________________________________________________________ 1. Stress level
_________________________________________________________________ 2. Increase or decrease of heart rate

Question: If you want to conduct a research about COVID19 vaccine Situation 2: An experiment investigating the effectiveness of a new
development. What key or important characteristic of quantitative do you training program on youth leadership
think applies in conducting this experimental research? 3. Performance of the participants
4. Gender
_________________________________________________________________
Situation 3: A computer engineer wants to develop a new design for
_________________________________________________________________
laptops
_________________________________________________________________
5. Features of the design
_________________________________________________________________
6. Number of consumer orders
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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 Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry) Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)

D. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct letter that best describe the 6. The researchers know in advance what they are looking for. The research
question or complete the statement. Write your answer before the number. questions are welldefined for which objective answers are sought. All aspects of
the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.
1. Which of the following BEST defines quantitative research?
A. Future Outcomes C. Clearly defined Research Questions
A. It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals.
B. It is an activity concerned with finding new truth in education. B. Structured Research Instruments D. Numerical Data
C. It is a systematic process obtaining numerical information about the world. 7. Which research design seeks to describe ―what is‖?
D. It is an activity of producing or proving a theorem.
A. Correlational C. Experimental
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research? B. Descriptive D. Evaluation

A. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem. 8. In this type of research, the investigator tries to probe the significance of
relationship between two or more factors or characteristics
B. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting,
thus strengthen and reinforcing validity of findings eliminating the possibility of A. Correlational C. Ex-post facto
spurious conclusions.
C. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to B. Experimental D. Survey
show trends, relationships or differences among variables. In sum, the charts
and tables allow you to see the evidence collected. 9. Which of the item below does NOT hold true for descriptive research?
D. It seeks to gather a more comprehensive understanding of activities related to A. describes the nature of a situation or an event
human behavior and the attributes that rule such behavior.
B. presents the profile of persons, events, and things
3. Which of the following describes the characteristics of research where data C. describes past situations
are in form of statistics? D. there is no manipulation of variables or search for cause and effect related to
the performance
A. Objective B. Numerical Data

C. Replication D. Large Sample Size 10. Which of the following illustrates a quantitative study?

4. This characteristic of quantitative research which refers to its necessity to A. attributes to malnutrition in children
arrive at a more reliable data analysis.
B. public opinion to the sex scandal of the Pres. in our country
A. Large Sample Sizes B. Numerical Data C. academic performance of high school students

C. Replication D. Objective D. all of the above choices

5. It is done to check the correctness and verify the findings of the study.

A. Large Sample Sizes C. Numerical Data

B. Replication D. Objective
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Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry) Quantitative Research (Nature of Inquiry)

D. Direction: Complete the task by doing the assigned work. Write your answer 3. Draw/Photograph a scenario that shows the importance of research in
on the blank spaces below. combating this pandemic.

1. Construct a graphic organizer that shows the similarities and differences of

qualitative and quantitative research perspectives. Write your work on separate
page.

2. Construct a graphic organizer that shows the differences of experimental and

non-experimental research.

REFERRENCES

Faltado,R., Bombita.M.,Boholano.H.,& Pogoy.A.(2016). Practical Research 2:

Quantitative Research. Quezon City, Philippines. Lorimar Publishing House

Baraceros.E. (2016). Practical Research 2 First Edition. Sampaloc

Manila, Philippines, Rex Book Store

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