 Integration : filtering, processing, interpreting,

comparing

 Control of muscles and glands

 Homeostasis - it is basically a process in which

the body's internal environment is kept stable.

 Mental activity

 Monitoring internal and external environments

 The main components of
Nervous tissue: spinal cord,
brain and nerves.

 This tissue is composed of two

types of cells; neuroglial cells
and neurons.
 Neurons, which transmit
impulses.
 Neuroglia cells, which assist
propagation of the nerve
impulse as well as provide
nutrients to the neuron.
 Neurons conduct nerve
impulses. They are
amitotic (unlike
neuroglial cells). Neurons
need a continuous
supply of oxygen and
glucose to live. In fact,
they can only survive a
few minutes without
these molecules.

 Neurons have three

processess: dendrites, a
cell body, and an axon.
 The part of a cell that
contains the nucleus and
surrounding cytoplasm
exclusive of any
projections or processes,
such as the axon and
dendrites of a neuron.

 Function: the site where

normal metabolic
reactions occur that
allow the cell to remain
living
 Dendrites - one of the
threadlike extensions of
the cytoplasm of a
neuron; dendrites branch
into treelike processes and
compose most of the
receptive surface of a
neuron.
 Function: receive the
signals and impulses sent
by other neurons.
 is a long, slender
projection of a nerve cell,
or neuron, that typically
conducts electrical
impulses away from the
neuron's cell body.

 Function: To provide
information to transmit
information to different
neurons; muscles and
glands.
 produces the myelin sheath and
functions in repair and regeneration of
damaged nerves
• Point where axon is
not covered by
Schwann cells
• are the gaps
(approximately 1
micrometer in
length) formed
between the myelin
sheaths generated
by different cells.
 Morphological
› Unipolar

› Bipolar

› Multipolar
 Functional
› Sensory neuron - responsible for converting
various external stimuli that comes from the
environment into corresponding internal
stimuli.
› Motor neuron - Motor neurones are neurones
that carry signals from the spinal cord to the
muscles to produce movement.
› Inter neuron - is a neuron that forms a
connection between other neurons.
 Highly specialized intercellular junction
which allow communication by linking
neurons of pathways.
• Terminal bouton
– Not mylinated
– Mitochondria
– Membrane bound
vesicle of
neurotransmitter
• Synaptic cleft
• Presynaptic membrane
– synaptic vesicle
– Voltage regulated Ca+2
gated .
• Post synaptic membrane
 Structure of a Nerve

• Endoneurium
• Perineurium
• Epineurium
 Oval bodies made of aggregation
of cell bodies out side the CNS
 Relay center on neuronal pathway
 Epineurium
 Two type
› Sensory gnaglia (Somatic ) i.e. Spinal
› Motor ganglia (Autonomic) i.e.
sympathetic ganglia
• Gr. Glia : Glue
• Highly branched cells
that support the neurons
by occupying the space
between them.
• Function
– Provide structural and
metabolic support
• Type
– Astrocytes
– Oligodrndrocytes
– Microglia
– Ependymal cells

Dr Pankaj Maheria 16
 Embryological origin:
› Neural ectoderm
 Function
› Supporting and
nutritive
› Repair
› Barrier to diffusion
of toxic substance
 Star shaped
 Perivascular feet
› Blood brain barrier
• Gr. Oligo : Few
Dendrone : tree
• Responsible for
myelination of axon in
the CNS and dendrites
• Single cells : 50 axon
• Location
– Predominate in white
matter
– Much abundant in
gray matter
• Small cells
• Derived from
mesenchymal origin
• Elongated nucleus
• Little cytoplasm
• Fine highly branched
processes
• Immuno stains best
way to see
• Macrophage
monocytes defense
system

Dr Pankaj Maheria 20
• Lining epithelium of
ventricle and spinal
canal
• Cuboidal or low
columnar
• Tightly bounded

Dr Pankaj Maheria 21