NAME : NADILAH SAPUTRI

NPM : 062030501368

CLASS : 2AF

“ Summary”
TITLE : Danger of Smoking in the Morning
Smoking in the morning, especially accompanied by a cup of coffee, has become a ritual
that hard to break. However, these habits seem to need to be stopped from smoking at the
beginning of the day is more dangerous than smoking on the day or night. Research shows that
smoking after waking up would increase the risk of lung cancer, neck and head. "Morning
smokers have high levels of nicotine and other toxins from tobacco in his body.

They are also more addicted than smokers who refrained from smoking a half hour or so
after waking up." said researcher Joshua Muscat of Penn State College of Medicine. To find out
why some smokers get cancer and not, Muscat and his team examined the link between cancer
risk is there with the habit of first cigarette in the morning. The first study involved 4775
patients with lung cancer and 2835 of other smokers without lung cancer. Those who smoke 30
minutes after waking up 1.79 times higher risk of suffering from lung cancer than those who
waited more than 60 minutes. Meanwhile, those who smoked 31-60 minutes after waking up
had 1,31 times the risk compared to those who wait at least an hour.

The second study involved 1055 people with brain and neck cancer and 795 people who
smoked but did not suffer brain and neck cancer. Those who smoked within 30 minutes when
you wake up 1.59 times the risk of brain and neck cancer compared with those who waited an
hour. The risk of smokers who smoked 31-60 minutes after waking up 1.42 times than those
who wait at least an hour.
TITLE : DIET AND EFFORT TO HAVE OFFSPRING
What you eat can affect the sex cells, better known as 'sperm' for men and 'egg' for women.
Fertility in touch with what food is in the eating, so do a balanced diet can increase the chances to
conceive and produce heaithy offspring in the future. You do not have the power to change something
that is derivative, but of course you can control what goes into the stomach. Actual differences in the
male reproductive cycle and women is that men produce new sperm every day while women are born
with a finite number of eggs and are not renewable in their ovaries. Because the quality of the eggs
continued to decrease with age, so women who are aged above 35 years is more difficult to conceive.

On the other hand, men face different problems. Their fertility levels are heavily influenced by
the quality, quantity and spontaneous movement of their sperm, Usefulness of their reproductive
organs, like testis, and epididymis skotrum (located in the vessel), also have an infiuence. Lack of food
can damage the reproductive system. Zinc, folic acid and calcium, which is a minerai that can be found in
food, should always be part of the daily diet to maintain fertility or fertility rates. Consumption is also A,
C, E and selenium, which in sufficient quantities to function as antioxidants, to fight free radicals from
cigarette, alcohol, drugs and others. If you want to have offspring, then you need to pay attention to
what you eat. If you have not noticed your diet, get started, before it's too late.
TITLE : SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES OF MESOTHELIOMA
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that occurs in the thin tissue that lines most of the
internal organs (mesothelium). The doctor divides mesothelioma into several types based on which part
of this cancer occurs. Pleural malignant mesothelioma, which occurs in the tissue lining around the lungs
and is the most common type. Peritoneal mesothelioma, occurring in tissues that line the stomach.
Pericardial mesothelioma, occurring in the tissue lining around the heart. Mesothelioma of the tunica
vaginalis, occurs in the lining around the testicles The symptoms of Mesothelioma Signs and the
symptoms of mesothelioma varies based on where the cancer occurs.

Pleural mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include: Shortness of breath Pain when
breathing , Pain when coughing , Pain in the lower rib, an unusual lump in the chest under the skin layer,
Lost weight suddenly,

Dry cough Peritoneal mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include: Pain in abdomen,
Swelling in the abdomen , Changes in bowel movements, such as more frequent diarrhea or
constipation , Lump in the tissues in the abdominal area, Lost weight suddenly Other forms of
mesothelioma Signs and the symptoms pericardial mesothelioma and tunica vaginalis are unclear. On
health, there is no complete information about this. Pericardial mesothelioma have signs and symptoms
that may include difficulty breathing or chest pain. While mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis
TITLE : 3 WAYS TO TREAT AN AIR CONDITIONER IN
AVOIDING DISEASE

When you use a home air conditioner, do not forget to take care of on a regular basis. Because
when AC is not treated regularly and carefully, it will have a bad air and becomes a place to spread the
disease. The dirty AC can store a variety of viruses and bacteria that continuously spread throughout the
room. It also enters into the smell of the inhabitants. As a result, the occupant will experience pain or
repeated infections. The following treatments below should you do in order to make AC work optimally
and be durable.

Do not forget to turn off the AC . When traveling or in a space that is not used, do not forget to
turn off AC. If the air is not too hot, try to shut down about one or two hours a day. If necessary use a
reminder or timer contained in the AC facility. When the air conditioner is turned off, open the windows
and doors widely so that there is an air exchange.

Clean the AC regularly. Check the filter components on the air conditioning, at least once a
month. A dirty air filter will hinder the air circulation and being a comfortable place for germs, bacteria,
and fungi. Bacteria are what will flow to the evaporator coil (evaporator coil) and then spread back
across the room. The dirty AC components can affect the performance of the cooling system becomes
more severe, so it does not produce the maximum cold and wasteful.

Selective in use. Minimize the potential health problems with the use of air conditioning as
selective as possible. Because, if in the same room there is a family member which is sick, viruses and
bacteria can be spread through the air helped. So when a family member is sick with the flu, for
example, try using the AC to a minimum. This advice also applies if there is one family member who
smoked in the room or when the middle of the room and furniture cleaned.
TITLE : 6 FUNCTIONS OF INDONESIAN FOREST

Indonesia is one of countries with the largest forest area in the world and really need to do the
conservation. It also completed with a management of forests for conservation and ecological balance
of the earth nature. Different types of forests in Indonesia have the following functions.

 Prevent erosion and landslides. The roots of the tree serve as a binder grain of soil. With no
forest, no rain fell to the ground but fell to the leaf surface or absorbed into the ground.
 Keeps, organize, maintain supplies of water in the rainy season also dry season.
 Fertilize the soil, as fallen leaves will break down into soil humus.
 As an economic resource. It can be utilized as a result of forest raw materials or raw materials
for industrial and building. For example, rattan, rubber, and gutta-percha are used for
handicrafts and materials of building.
 As a dutfah plasma source for diversity in forest ecosystems that allow for the development of
genetic biodiversity.
 Reduce pollution to air pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen needed by
a living.
TITLE : ENDANGERED PLANTS IN INDONESIA

Corpse flower (Amphophallus Becc titanum).This is the largest flower in the world, through the flowers,
smell the odor like the smell of carrion. This plant is a endemic to Sumatra island:

Raflesia flower (Refflesia amoldi).The flower petals are a very large size and release odors such
as the smell of carrion. Flower buds which have medicinal properties resulted in the passage of this
flower is often looted. This plant is native habitat on the island of Sumatra especially in Bengkulu, Jambi,
and south Sumatra.

Gaharu Wood (Aquilaria sp). This wood has a distinctive fragrance that is also high value. This
plant habitat is in the forests of Borneo islands.

Red Meranti (Shoera sp). This is a woody plant but lightweight and requires a very long time to
grow. Red Meranti plants can absorb elemental carbon in the forest so stout plant used as industrial
commodities.

Fragrant sandalwood (Satalum album). This plant is used as fragrances and spices (incense or
aromatherapy). High value causes the plant continues to be hunted and became endangered,
sandalwood is found in East Nusa Tenggara.

Nepenthes (Nepnthes L.). A unique plant that has pockets, this plant is very rare because it only
grows in areas containing little nitrogen. Pitcher plants found in the forest at Tangkuban Perahu, West
Java.
TITLE : THE DEFINITION OF HARDDISK
Hard disk is medium data storage on a computer that consists of a collection of magnetic hard
disks and spinning, as well as other electronic components. Hard disks use a flat disc called the platter,
which on both sides are coated with a material that is designed to be able to store information
magnetically. Platter-platter by punching holes in the center are arranged and rearranged on a spindle.
Platter spinning at very high speed which is controlled by the spindle motor that is connected to the
spindle. Special literacy electromagnetic tool named head mounted on a slider and is used to store
information in a disk or read. Slider mounted on the arm, all of which are connected mechanically to a
single collection on the surface of the disc and is connected via a device called the actuator. There was
also the logic board to regulate the activity of other components and communicates with the PC.

ATA / EIDE. EIDE hard disk (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) or ATA (Advanced
Technology Attachment) is the latest version of a stAndard disk interface suitable for connection to the
bus. Many manufacturers have a range of disk with a disk interface EIDE / ATA disk can be connected
directly to the PCI bus and roomates which is used in many PC (personal computer). SCSI. Many disks
have interfaces designed for connection to a standard SCSI bus. The disks tend to be more expensive,
but have better performance which is possible due to excess SCSI bus than the PCI bus. Access to the
same can be done for many disk drives as the drive interface is actively connected to the SCSI bus only
when the drive is ready to transfer data. This is especially useful in applications where there are a large
number of requests for small files, which often happens in a computer used as a file server.

RAID. Promises great performance and provides a large and reliable storage. Disk is used both in
high-performance computer and in systems that require dramatically higher reliability than normal
levels. However, with the decline in prices to a more affordable level, the disk becomes more attractive
even for a computer system with size – average.SATA. SATA hard disk of the type (Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment), the disk interface ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) by using the serial
version of the thin cable that has small wires. Total about two-thirds of total hard drive cable with type
EIDE or ATA disks are numbered 39 pins and SATA has very high speed data transmission and reducing
latency. So, this serial bus is able to exceed the speed of parallel bus.
TITLE : JOSE MOURINHO CONGRATULATED FOR
MANCHESTER UNITED’S TITLE

Real Madrid coach, Jose Mourinho, congratulates Sir Alex Ferguson on the success of
Manchester United winning in the Premier League. He pleaded not surprised by the success of the Red
Devils because they had the capacity for it.“Sir Alex Ferguson has been doing what he did in his entire
life, which is to win. I congratulate him. However, it is not surprising to me or the world that Ferguson
will be back to win again,” said Mourinho as reported by the U.S..

Red Devils clinched his 20th Premier League after defeating Aston Villa 3-0 at Old Trafford
Stadium, Monday or Tuesday (4/23/2013) early morning hrs. The Red Devils scored created Robin van
Persie (2nd minute, 13th, 33rd).The result is at once buried dreams of Manchester City to retain the
title. The Blue Manchester ranked second and had the 16 points differentiate from Manchester United.
It is impossible for Roberto Mancini’s team can overtake Manchester United despite victory in five
games remaining.
TITILE : WEAKNESSES OF INDONESIAN ECONOMIC
Chamber of Indonesia Commerce and Industry (Kadin) declared Indonesian economy that is
actually very promising for both domestic and foreign investors. However, there are still weaknesses
seeing by Kadin of the economy that need to be addressed. Vice Chairman of Kadin Indonesia, Novian
Anindya Bakrie said, promising Indonesian economy is evidenced by incoming investment, private
consumption, and vibrant business world. “But there are still some weaknesses that Indonesia’s
economic structure needs to be addressed now,” said Anindya at Menara Kadin Jakarta, Wednesday
(06/03/2013).

Anindya see Indonesia’s economic weakness is in the trade deficit. Currently due to larger
imports than exports then it makes more Indonesian trade balance to be deficit. Moreover, the largest
import of oil and gas. On the other hand, Anindya also highlights subsidy of oil (BBM) to the people who
actually are not even on target. Current budget fuel subsidy enjoyed by the rich instead.“As the impact,
the deficit and the high pressure gas imports that led to the weakening of the rupiah,” he added. Again,
the actual budget for infrastructure even neglected. He rated in the last few months that there is no
improvement of government policy so that a problem cannot be resolved. Though foreign investors
intending to invest in Indonesia as it will look up the bureaucratic infrastructure. If not good, then
foreign investors will pull out of Indonesia.
TITTLE: THE LITTLE ICE AGE
Reading SET 2

Humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight
glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. The price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and
suffering, was often high. The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth
century. It was an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century,
driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. They
are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming, says Dr. Defterios.

The book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice age and other climatic shifts. It will
also provide an analysis of global warming and its impact on the environment. The author will conclude
with a look at the impact of the current global warming on humans. Reconstructing the climate changes
of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries
ago. We are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of
the northern hemisphere going back 600 years. This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during
the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One
describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for
then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature.

Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. By 1400, the weather had
become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell
before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890. The unprecedented land clearance released vast
quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global
warming. The rise in greenhouse gas levels has been even steeper since the early 1980s.The Little Ice
Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same
time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent. The human
impact on the climate has been greater than ever, with global warming the most significant factor in
global warming since the 1950s.
Tittle : THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BRITISH TEXTILE
INDUSTRY
Reading 16 Passage 1

Textile production in Britain can be said to have its roots as an industry at the beginning of the
18th century, when Thomas Crotchet and George Sorocold established what is thought to be the first
factory built in Britain. It was a textile mill with a waterwheel as its source of power, the latest
machinery, and even accommodation for the workers. As well as possibly being the frst sweatshop in
the modern sense, it was the beginning of the end for traditional textile production. For hundreds of
years the spinning and weaving of cloth had been done manually by men, women and children in their
own homes. The yarn would be combed and spun using a spindle, then woven on a hand-loom, and
what they produced would be mainly for local consumption.

Technology far more sophisticated than the spindle and hand-loom would change all that. The
demand for cotton textiles had been growing since the Middle Ages, fostered by the importation of high
quality cotton fabrics from the Middle East and India. So how were local producers to fight off the
competition? The imported fabrics were of course expensive, so textile makers (not just in Britain but
throughout Europe) produced mixed fabrics and cotton substitutes. They also had foreign textiles
banned. But the key to the increased productivity needed to meet the demand, was machine
production. It would be faster, cheaper and the finished products would be consistent in quality.

Not least of the advantages was that it We seem to be back with Crotchet and Sorocold and
their first live-in factory. The globalising trend of out-sourcing, however, was a rational response to the
growing competition from overseas, which, it goes without saying, does not excuse the exploitation of
workers. The British industry itself, while no longer holding a key place in the global textile market, has
adapted itself and now concentrates more on the world of fashion and design, where it seems to be
doing quite well.
TITLE : SPIDER SILK CUTS WEIGHT OF BRIDGES
Scientists have successfully copied the silk-producing gene from the Golden Orb Weaver spider
and used it to create a synthetic material that they believe is the model for a new generation of
advanced biomaterials. spiders are a combination of great strength and extraordinary elasticity, which
artificial fibers cannot imitate. University of Wyoming, first examined the silk-producing glands of
spiders. We took out the glands that produce silk and looked at the code for the protein material they
make, which is spun into a web. researchers have used yeast and bacteria as hosts to grow the raw
material, which they spun into fiber.

Robert Dorsch, DuPont's director of biochemical development, said protein granules,

comparable to marbles in eggs, were harvested and processed. Spiders aren't the only creatures that
have piqued the interest of material scientists. They also became jealous of the natural adhesive
secreted by sea shells, resulting in a protein adhesive to stick to rocks. Extracting protein from shellfish
is tedious and expensive, so researchers have produced genes for use in surrogate bacteria,
TITLE : LET'S GO BATS
Reading Set 5

You might say that this is a problem of their own making. Given that there is a living to be made
at night, and given that akernative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has
favored bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the
daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they
found ways of scraping a living at night. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find
their way about somehow, Deep-sea fish and whales have Irttle or no light by day or by night.

In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that.
blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path, It has been given
the name 'facial vision', because blind people have reported that it feels a bit like the sense of touch.
Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face,
although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom
limb. Are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of
obstacles. Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames
as Asdic and Sonar, as well as Radar or RDF, which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes.

The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or
rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and
their radar achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with
admiration. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat'radar', since they do not use radio waves. It is
sonar but the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and much of our
scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to
them. The American zoologist Donald Gnffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in
bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by
human instruments.
TITLE : THE NATURE OF GENIUS THE WORD 'GENIUS
READING SET 3 (Passage 2)

The Nature Of Genius The word 'genius', from the Latin gens (= family) and the tem 'genius',
meaning begetter, comes from the early Roman cult of a divinity as the head of the family . In its
earliest form, genius was concerned with the ability of the head of the family, the paterfamilias, to
perpetuate himself. Gradually, genius came to represent a person's characteristics and then an
individual's highest attributes derived from his 'genius' or guiding spirit.

In the mythology of giftedness, it is popularly beieved that if people are talented in one area,
they must be defective in another, that intellectuals are impractical, that prodigies bum too brightly too
soon and burn out, that gifted people are eccentric, that they are physical weaklings, that there's a thin
line between genius and madness, that genius runs in families, that the gifted are so clever they don't
need special help, that giftedness is the same as having a high IQ, that some races are more intelligent
or musical or mathematical than others, that genius goes unrecognized and unrewarded, that adversity
makes men wise or that people with gifts have a responsibility to use them. Genius and giftedness are
relative descriptive terms of no real substance. We may, at best, give them some precision by defining
them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into
believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to
which they have developed the performance of their abilities.
TITLE : CHANGING RULES FOR HEALTH TREATMENT
READING SET 15

People who are overweight, who smoke heavily or drink excessively may be refused surgery or
medication. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which advises on clinical
effectiveness and cost of treatment for the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, said that in some
cases the 'self-caused' nature of the disease had to be taken into account. The agency (NICE) insists
that its decision was not a decree for the entire NHS but a guide for its own assessment committee
when reaching an assessment on a new drug or procedure. But the effect may be the same. NICE is a
strong body and the cause of a lot of controversy. Across the UK, primary care trusts (PCTS) regularly
wait months for a NICE decision before agreeing to fund new care. Three PCTS in eastern Suffoik have
decided that obese people are not eligible for a hip or knee replacement unless they lose weight.

The group said the risk of surgery on them was greater, the surgery might be less successful and
the joints would wear out more quickly. NICE says no priority should be given to patients based on
income, social class or social roles at different ages when considering the cost-effectiveness of
treatment. Patients should also not be discriminated against on the basis of age, unless age has direct
relevance to the condition. But NICE also says that if self-inflicted factors mean that a drug or treatment
will become less clinical and cost effective, this may need to be considered when advising the NHS. They
state that 'if the cause of a self-inflicted condition would influence a similar outcome of a particular
treatment, then it may be appropriate to consider this in some circumstances.

'The individual state of the patient can only be taken into account when there will be an impact
on the clinical effectiveness and cost of treatment. Age should only be mentioned if it provides the only
practical marker of risk or benefit. NICE values people, equally, of all ages! But Steve Webb, the Liberal
Democrats' health spokesman, said there was a danger of primary care guardianship following similar
actions. Treatment decisions involving people's lifestyles should be based on clinical reasons, not cost
reasons. The NHS exists to keep people healthy, not to judge individual lifestyles. The only
circumstances in which it can be taken into account are where the treatment may be less effective due
to lifestyle choices.
TITLE : SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE
READING SET 2

The folat process" Glass is a hard and sharp object that was first made since the times of
Mesopotamia and Egypt, nothing more than a mixture of sand, soda ash, and lime. When heated to
about 1500 degrees Celsius ("C) it becomes a liquid mass that solidifies when cooled slowly. The first
successful method of making clear, flat glass involved spinning to produce a perfect, flawless glass.
However, the process is time consuming and labor intensive. However, the demand for flat glass is very
high and glassmakers around the world are constantly looking for ways to make it. The first continuous
tape process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This
allows glass of any thickness to be made endlessly, but the rolling will leave both sides of the glass
marked, and this will then need to be ground and polished. Part of this process erodes about 20 percent
of the glass, and the machine is very expensive.

Furthermore, the fioat process for making flat glass was discovered by Alistair Pilkington. This
process enables the manufacture of clear glass, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and
tinted glass for ve hicles. Pilkington had experimented with improving the melting process, and in 1952
he had the idea of using layers of moiten metal to form flat glass, eliminating the need for rollers in a
fioating bath altogether. Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his
company to build a full-scale plant. once they succeed in making marketable flat glass, the machines are
turned off for service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started again, it took
another four months to fix the process again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and now there are floating
factories around the word, with each capable of producing around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-
stop for about 15 years. Today's floating plants make glass of near-optical quality. Several processes -
smelting, purification, homogenization - take place simultaneously in 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the
furnace. They occur in separate zones in complex glass flows driven by high temperatures.

This adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting 50 hours, which delivers the rolls smoothly
and continuously to the float bath, and from there to the coating zone and finally the heat treatment
zone, where the stresses created during cooling are removed. The principle of floating glass has not
changed since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8
mm to a range from sub-millimeter to 25 mm, from bands that are often damaged by inclusions and
bubbles to near optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspections are carried out at every
stage. Sometimes, the bubbles are not removed during refining, the sand grains refuse to melt, the
vibrations in the can create ripples into the glass tape.

Automatic on-line inspections do two things. First, it reveals an upstream process error that can
be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements per second to be
made across the entire band, finding flaws that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Second, it allows the
downstream computer to direct the cutter around fiaws. Float glass is sold per square meter, and in the
final stages a computer translates the customer's requirements into cutting patterns designed to
minimize wastage.