Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

Mahendra Singh Thakur

October 13, 2021

Introduction
ASK is change in amplitude of a carrier signal (analog in nature) in
accordance with the digital encoded message signal.

Figure: ASK modulation scheme

I a
 I Message signal may have much lower frequency.
I Carrier signal must have very high frequency than the highest
frequency component in the message signal.
I Carrier signal is Cs = cos(wc t) = cos(2πfc t)
I modulated signal is s(t) = m(t) × Cs
Digital Signal × Analog Signal = Analog Signal
Therefore this type of modulation can also be termed as kind of
digital to analog conversion technique.
For any given amplitude level, say ‘A’, of the message signal,
generalized modulated signal would be

s(t) = A cos(wc t) (1)

Now calculate energy of modulated signal

Z Tb
E= [s(t)]2 dt
0
Z Tb
= [A cos(wc t)]2 dt
0
Z Tb
A2 A2 Tb
Z
= dt + cos 2wc tdt (2)
2 0 2 0
A2 Tb
Z
= dt + 0
2 0
A2
= Tb
2
 A2
E= Tb
2
s (3)
2E
A=
Tb
Now s(t) will be
s
2E
s(t) = cos wc t (4)
Tb
Now
s
Z Tb
2E
E= [ cos wc t]2 dt
0 Tb
Tb
Z r
E 2 (5)
= cos wc t]2 dt
[
E 0 Tb
Z Tb r
2
1= [ cos wc t]2 dt
0 Tb
 q
I Now let define φ1 (t) = 2
Tb cos wc t
I φ1 (t) is a orthonormal function whose energy is equal to 1.
I We can express energy in terms of power i.e. E = Ps Tb
√ √
I E = Ps Tb
Transmitter

Figure: ASK transmitter

 s(t) = Strength of signal × Orthonormal signalφ1 (t)
r
p 2
= Ps T b × cos wc t (6)
Tb
= amplitude × cos wc t

For amplitude = 1
s(t) = cos wc t
For amplitude = 0
s(t) = 0
Therefore this modulation is also known as OOK.
Receiver

ASK Receiver
I Coherent
I Non coherent

Figure: ASK Coherent Receiver

 r
p 2
r (t) = 2Ps cos wc t × cos wc t
Tb
s
Ps
=2 cos2 wc t
Tb
√
Ps Tb
= (1 + cos(2wc t))
T
√ b √
Ps Tb Ps T b (7)
= + cos(2wc t)
Tb Tb
√
Ps Tb
= + 0(due to LPF)
T
√ b
Ps Tb
=
T
√ b
E
=
Tb
I Decision making device is a kind of re-generator.
I At the receiver signal is reconstructed.
I In DC systems, message signal can not be directly reproduced
from the received signal.
I The effect of noise induced in the received signal s(t) can be
reduced to almost zero with help of re-generator device.
Figure: ASK Non Coherent Receiver
Figure: constellation ASK
Figure: Bandwidth in ASK