Signal Types and Properties

Full Name: Lab Section:

ECE 3500 (Spring 2017) – Examples #1

Question #1: Consider the following discrete-time signal, which we refer to as x[n]:

(a) Sketch 3x[n].

Solution:

(b) Sketch x[n 2].

Solution:

(c) Sketch x[3 n].

Solution:

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(d) Is x[n] an energy signal? Is x[n] an average power signal? Is x[n] a causal signal?
Is x[n] a periodic signal?

Solution: Energy signal: yes. Average power signal: no. Causal signal: yes. Periodic sig-
nal: no.

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Question #2: Consider the following 3 respective signals, x(t), y(t), z(t):

(a) For signals x(t), y(t), and z(t), determine if they are odd, even, or neither.

Solution:
• x(t) is even
• y(t) is neither (signal is symmetric, but not symmetric around zero)
• z(t) is odd

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Question #3: Consider the continuous-time signal
8
>
< 0 if t<0
x(t) = t2 if 0t2
>
:
0 if t>2

(a) Sketch x(t). Is x(t) periodic? Is x(t) causal?

Solution: Periodic: no. Causal: yes.

(b) Compute the energy of the signal.

Solution: The energy in x[n] is defined by

Z 1 Z 2
|x(t)|2 dt = t4 dt
1 0
2
1 5
= t
5 0
32
=
5

(c) Compute the power of the signal.

Solution: The power in x[n] is defined by

Z T /2
1
lim |x(t)|2 dt = 0 .
T !1 N n= T /2

The power will be equal to zero for all finite-time signals.

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Question #4: Consider the continuous-time signal

x(t) = cos(2⇡t)

(a) Sketch the signal.

Solution:

(b) Is the signal continuous or discrete?

Solution: Continuous

(c) Is the signal even, odd, or neither?

Solution: Even

(d) Is the signal causal, anti-causal, or acausal?

Solution: Acausal

(e) Compute the energy of the signal?

Solution:
Z 1
Ex = | cos(2⇡t)|2 dt
1
= 1

(f) Compute the power of the signal?

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Solution:
Z T /2
1
Px = lim | cos(2⇡t)|2 dt
T !1 T T /2
Z T /2
1 1
= lim (1 + cos(4⇡t)) dt
T !1 T T /2 2
Z
1 1/2 1
= (1 + cos(4⇡t)) dt
1 1/2 2
✓ ◆ 1/2
1 1
= t+ sin(4⇡t)
2 4⇡ t= 1/2
1/2
1
= t
2 t= 1/2
1
=
2

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Question #5: Consider the continuous-time signal x(t) below.
8
>
> 0 if t<1
>
< t if 1t2
x(t) =
>
> 2 if 2<t3
>
:
0 if t>3
(a) Sketch x(t).

Solution:

(b) Sketch x(t/2 + 2).

Solution:
8
>
> 0 if t/2 + 2 < 1
>
< t/2 + 2 if 1  t/2 + 2  2
x(t/2 + 2) =
>
> 2 if 2 < t/2 + 2  3
>
:
0 if t/2 + 2 > 3
8
>
> 0 if t< 2
>
< t/2 + 2 if 2t0
=
>
> 2 if 0<t2
>
:
0 if t>2

(c) Compute the energy of x(t).

Solution: The signal has a finite time and amplitude. Therefore, it has finite energy. The
energy is
Z 1 Z 2 Z 3
Ex = |x(t)|2 = t2 dt + 22 dt
1 1 2

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 1 32
= t + 4t|32
3 1
1 3
= (2 13 ) + 4(3 2)
3
7 19
= +4=
3 3

(d) Compute the average power of x(t).

Solution: The signal has a finite time and amplitude. Therefore, Px = 0.

(e) Is x(t) causal? Also, is x(t) even, odd, or neither?

Solution: The signal x(t) is causal. The signal x(t) is neither even or odd.

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Question #6: Consider the discrete-time signal
8
>
< 0 if n< 2
x[n] = 2n if 2n2
>
:
0 if n>2
(a) (3 pts) Sketch x[n].

Solution:

(b) (2 pts) Is the signal causal, anti-causal, or neither?

Solution: Neither

(c) (2 pts) Is the signal even, odd, or neither?

Solution: Odd

(d) (3 pts) If x[n] is an energy signal, compute its energy. If x[n] is a power signal, compute
its power.

Solution: The signal is an energy signal since it is finite-length.

1
X
Ex = |x[n]|2
n= 1
= 4 + 2 + ( 2)2 + ( 4)2
2 2

= 16 + 4 + 4 + 16
= 40

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Question #7: Consider the continuous-time signal shown below.

(a) (2 pts) Sketch x(t + 1)

Solution:

(b) (2 pts) Sketch 2x(t 2)

Solution:

(c) (3 pts) Sketch 5 x(t/3)

Solution:

(d) (3 pts) Sketch x(t) x( t)

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Solution:

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