SCHOOL OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

College of Pharmacy
NAME: CAUILAN, DARWIN C. SCORE:
YEAR AND SECTION: BS PHARMA 1-A SET A DATE:
06/18/2020

WORKSHEET: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

1. Compare and contrast blood, interstial fluid and lymph.
Blood is essential to life. Blood circulates through our body and delivers essential
substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells. It also transports metabolic
waste products away from those same cells, exchanging materials with the interstitial
fluid.
Interstitial fluid, formed by filtration from blood, is the fluid surrounding body cells in
the tissue spaces and is essential to protein less plasma.
Lymph is the protein-containing fluid that enters the lymphatic capillaries (from the
tissue spaces); hence, its composition is the same as that of the interstitial fluid.

2. Which part of the body is being drained by lymphatic duct and which by the thoracic
duct?
The lymphatic duct drains the right upper limb and he right side of the head, neck and
chest and the thoracic duct drains the rest of the body.
3. Compare the structure and functions of spleen and lymph node.
The spleen is roughly the size of the clenched fist and located in the left superior
corner of the abdominal cavity. Meanwhile, lymph nodes are rounded structure,
varying from the size of a seed to shelled almond. Furthermore, one of the functional
differences of lymph node and spleen is that spleen is composed of red pulp and white
pulp and the lymph node is made of an outer cortex and inner medulla. When it comes
to their functions spleen filters blood to capture pathogens while lymph node filter
lymph to capture pathogens.
4. Differentiate first line of defence and second line defences.
The first line defence are the physical barriers like the skin that prevents the entry of
pathogens and chemicals in the body. On the other hand, second line defence when the
pathogens or chemical pass through the first line of defence and the body will now
have an immune response to attack and destroy the pathogens and chemicals.
5. Describe the events that happen when complement system is activated in your own
words.
Since the complement system is an enzyme cascade that helps defend against infection.
There are a lot process being done in the activation of complement system but its prior
task is the capability of the antibody and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and
damage cells. The complement is a group of a serum protein that activates
inflammation, destroy cell ( cell lysis) and participate opsonisation.
6. How is fever beneficial during infections?
 Fever is beneficial during infection because elevation of body temperature stimulates
the body’s immune response to the infectious virus and bacteria. It makes also the
body as not good avenue for virus replication. Adaptive immune response is also
enhanced because of the elevated temperature, like the circulation of T cells to the
lymph nodes is increased and the proliferation is stimulated.
7. How does the T cell and B cell being produced, developed and mature.
B cells are released from red bone marrow and T cells are release from the thymus.
Both types of cells moves through the blood to lymphatic tissue. These lymphocytes live
for few months to years. the T cells and B cells in the blood are normally five. B cells
and T cells can be cloned.
8. How does helper T cell help B cells to divide, differentiate and mature?
Helper T cell are responsible for the activation of most of B cels and T cells. The
antigen is processed by he B cells and present on the B cells surface by an MHC class
II molecule. Then helper T cells is stimulated when it binds with MHC Class II?
Antigen complex. The stimulation involving CD4 and interleukins and as a result B
cells divide in two to two daughter cell.
9. Differentiate innate immunity and adaptive immunity in atleast 5 key points.
Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
DEFINITION Innate immunity is the Aaptive immunity is he
non-specific immunity specific immunity acquired
present at birth after exposure to a
pathogen
COMPONENTS Composed of physical and Composed of B cells and T
chemical barriers, cell
phagocytic, leukocytes and
dendritic cells
SPEED Fast Response Slow response ( over 1-2
weeks)
POTENCY Has limited and lower High potency
potency
DEVELOPMENT Evolutionary older and Has been develop recently
found in both vertebrates and is found only in
and invertebrates vertebrates

10. Name the classes of antibodies, their functions and where can they be found in the body?
The following are the class of antibodies, function and their location:
IgG- can be seen in blood plasma, crosses placenta and its prime function is Anti-D
compliment fixation
IgE- can be seen in protein in plasma membrane of the mast cells and basophils and it
stimulate to release histamine and heparin.
IgD- can be seen in protein in plasma membrane of B cells
IgM- can be found in blood plasma and responsible for 10% Ab- Anti-B and Anti B
and agglutination and compliment fixation.
IgA- can be found in blood plasma, milk, tears, saliva mucus and prevents pathogens
from gathering to epithelium.
11. What antibody class is lacking for patients that have recurrent respiratory tract infection?
Explain.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major Ig found in the healthy respiratory tract. The
patients has respiratory tract infection and lacking for IgA because IgA is said to be
the most important Ig as defence to chronic bronchial infections
12. As a pharmacist, we promote vaccination. When all anti-vaxer will approach and ask you
“why do you need to be vaccinated if you’re not sick?” what will be your best response
you can deliver? Why is vaccination important?
There has been a lot of confusion and misunderstanding about vaccines especially
when the Dengvaxia vaccine case here in our country. It is important part of family
and public health is the vaccination. We really need to be vaccinated even we’re not
sick because vaccine prevent the spread of contagious, dangerous, and deadly diseases
like the corona virus infectious disease.
13. How is active immunity different from passive immunity? Give situation where one is
preferred over the other?
There were a lot of difference between passive between passive and active immunity.
Here are some differences:
The active immunity produced for the contact with pathogens or the antigen while
passive immunity is being produced for the antibodies that are obtained from outside.
Next, active immunity is not all immediate and there is distinctive lapse time while the
passive immunity is developed immediately when a children or adults who has
weakened immune systems passive immunity is preferred.
14. Do go to rest on his hometown. Upon arriving, he decided to meet with his childhood
friends, without them knowing, one of his friends is recovering from chicken pox. Most
of his friends are infected with the virus days later but not him. Explain how is his
possible? What is the role of his immunity?
Do was not infected by the virus because his immunity is strong. We all know that
prone to chicken pox those people whose immunity is weakened. Due to the strong
immunity of Do he was not infected because his immunity is capable on defending his
body against invaders such viruses like varicella-zoster virus.