PSYCHOSI

S
DEFINITION:
PSYCHOSIS is an amalgation of
psychological symptoms resulting in a
loss of contact with reality. This is a
common feature to many psychiatric
neuropsychiatric, neurologic,
neurodevelopmental, and medical
People experiencing psychosis may
conditions.
exhibit some personality changes and
thought disorder.
Psychotic disorders focus mainly on the
symptoms where the person is detached
from reality, and the main such symptoms
are delusions and hallucinations
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
It is the hallmark feature of schizophrenia
spectrum and other psychotic disorders such
as: Bipolar disorders, Psychologic
Depression and Schizoaffective Disorder.
Most strongly linked to the pathophysiology
of psychotic disorders is the
neurotransmitter dopamine. The positive
symptoms of psychotic disorders are
believed to be caused by excess dopamine.
Also chemical Imbalance in brain and
Neurotoxicity.
Traumatic brain injury can be the primary
cause of psychosis or contribute to the
development of a psychosis through
secondary seizure disorder, increasing
biological and psychological risk, and
triggering psychosis in vulnerable patients.
The relationship may also be coincidental.
Alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis are the
 WHAT CAUSES
Urban birth, childhood social adversity,
neighborhood ethnic density, and social
disorganization are risk factors for onset of
psychosis. Perhaps children who have a parent PSYCHOSIS?
with psychosis may be more vulnerable to
psychosis themselves because they learn it in their
home environment. Schizophrenia develops slowly
over time, as the brain changes and matures during
the teen years. Signs often start to show up in the
early teen years.
 
Combination of physical, genetic, psychological
and environmental factors can make a person more
likely to develop the condition. Some people may
be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or
emotional life event might trigger a psychotic
episode. Delusion, Hallucinations, Thought
disorder, Loss contact within reality, Depression,
Emotional changes, Personality changes and
ETIOLOGY: PARADIGM OF PSYCHOSIS
PROBLEMATIC
FACTORS

PRECIPITATING
FACTORS: Presence of
Chemical
Dopamine imbalance in Neurotoxicity
Receptor
brain
• TRAUMA/ BRAIN INJURY Defect

• SUBSTANCE USED (Drugs,

Alcohol, etc.)
• ENVIRONMENT PSYCHOTIC DISORDER

PREDIPOSING
• MEDICATION
Bipolar Psychotic Schizoaffectiv

FACTORS:
Schizophrenia Disorder Disorder
Depression

SIGNS AND SYPTOMS:

• FAMILY HISTORY (Genetic)  HALLUCINATION

 DELUSION
• AGE  THOUGHT DISORDER
 LOSS OF CONTACT WITH REALITY
 DEPRESSION
 EMOTIONAL CHANGES
 BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
 DIAGNOSIS:

DIAGNOSING An initial assessment includes a

comprehensive history and
PSYCHOSIS physical examination by a
physician, psychiatric, or
psychiatric physician assistant.
Biological test should be
performed to exclude psychosis
associated with or caused by
substance used. Medication,
toxins, surgical complications, or
other medical conditions.
 TYPES OF PSYCHOTIC SIGNS AND SYPTOMS:
DISORDER
1. SCHIIZOPHRENIA HALLUCINATION
- A condition that causes a range of psychological
symptoms including hallucinations and delusions. DELUSION
2. BIPOLAR DISORDER
THOUGHT DISORDER
- A mental health conditions that affects mood; a LOSS OF CONTACT WITH REALITY
person with bipolar disorder can have a episodes of
depression. DEPRESSION
EMOTIONAL CHANGES
3. PYSCHOTIC DEPRESSION
- A very serious mood disorder that requires BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
hospitalization

4. SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
- A condition where symptoms of both
psychotic and mood dis order that present together
during one episode or within a two week period of
time.

5. DRUG INDUCED PSYCHOSIS

- Often cause by taking too much of a certain
drugs, so that its level of toxicity provokes paranoia and
CLINICAL TYPE:
1. SOMATIC TYPE / Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal
psychosis
- Delusion related to body.
Example: Some parts of their body are misshapen or non-
functioning.
2. PERSECUTORY TYPE
- They believe that they are conspired or
harassed, followed or poisoned by others. They
may resort to legal methods or may resort to violence.
3. GRANDOISE TYPE
- they have exalted ideas about their selves.
example: they may believe that they are the chosen prophet
of God or they have super powers.
4. JEALOUS TYPE / Othello syndrome/ sexual jealousy
- Most common in males. They throw allegations
of infidelity to their partners due to their observed
evidences such as changes on how they dress or behavior
made by the partner. They have groundless evidences.
5. EROTOMANIC TYPE/ Clerambault’s syndrome
- Most common in females. They believes that
another person, usually from high status, is admiring and
loving her.
- when males are affected, they become violent or
aggressive with the object of love.
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
PREVALENCE RATE – 0.24% - 0.3%
LATE MIDDLE AGE (15 – 42 YEARS)
RATIO:
MALE:FEMALE – 1:3
MORE COMMON AMONG RELATIVE OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA
 MANAGEMENT:

MANAGING  Hospitalization
 We must understand their
PSYCHOSIS condition
 Management of disturbance may
require mental health act.
 Psychosocial intervention, social
support, and facilitation of
recovery
 Specific psychological
treatments and family
intervention
 Rehabilitation
 Therapies
 PSYCHOLOGICAL  ELECTROCONVULSIVE
THERAPIES
One-on-one talking therapy THERAPY
involves in (ECT)
sending an electric
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) has current through your brain, causing
proved successful in helping people with brief surge of electrical activity within
psychosis in appropriate cases, family the brain. This is used to relieve the
therapy has been shown to reduce the symptoms of some mental health
need for hospital treatment in people problems.
with psychosis.
 SOCIAL SUPPORT
Support with social needs, such as
education, employment, or
accommodation.
TREATMENT:
Other Drugs used for Psychotic:
 ANTIPSYCHOTIC
helpMEDICATION
relieve the symptoms of
psychosis. First Generation Drugs: Typical
Drug of choice: Pimozide Neuroleptics
- Haloperidol
Contraindication: Patients with severe
toxic CNS depression or comatose state
from any cause.

Second Generation Drugs: Atypical

Mechanism of Action: blocks dopamine D2
-Clozapine
receptor in the CNS. Reduces dopamine
-Risperidone
activity and consequently decreases
excitation, agitation, hypermobility, and -Ziprazidone
abnormal condition. -Olanzapine
Side Effect: can cause weakness, dizziness, -Quetiapine
dry mouth and diarrhea
Effectivity: 68% full remission, 22% partial
YOU DON’T
HAVE TO
STRUGGLE
IN SILENCE!
SPEAK UP!