SCHOOL OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

College of Pharmacy
NAME: CAUILAN, DARWIN C. SCORE:
YEAR AND SECTION: BS PHARMA 1-A SET A DATE:
06/18/2020

WORKSHEET: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- BLOOD VESSEL AND CIRCULATION

1. What are three layers of the blood vessels? What tissues are present in each?
The blood vessels have three layers these are the following:
First, Tunica intima is the innermost layer consists of an endothelium composed of
simple squamous epithelial cells. The Tunica intima is composed of elastic connective
tissue.
Next, Tunica media, it is the middle layer that consist of smooth muscles cells and it
contains amount of elastic and collage fibres depending on its size and type of vessels
and it also contains layer f elastic connective tissue
Lastly, the tunica adventitia is composed of dense connective tissue that is adjacent to
the tunica media and this tissue become loose connective tissue toward the outer part
of the vessel wall.
2. Identify, in order, all type of blood vessels that starts in the heart going through tissues
and going back to the heart.
Arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart, to your body's tissues. The
veins take oxygen-poor  blood back to the heart. Arteries begin with the aorta, the large
artery leaving the heart. They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of
the body's tissue
3. What are capillaries? What are their functions? Relate how their structure suited for their
function.
Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels so small that a single red blood vessel so small
that a single red blood cell can barely fit through them. One of the function of
capillaries is to help to connect the arteries and veins in addition to facilitate the
exchange of certain elements in our blood and tissues. Capillaries connect the aterial
system s wherein the arterial system include the vessels that carry blood away from
heart to our venous system
4. Differentiate the two processes of circulation.
The two circulation that occurs in blood vessels are pulmonary circulation and
systemic circulation. The pulmonary circulation is a system of blood vessels that
carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to lungs and back to the left atrium
of the heart. Meanwhile, systemic circulation is the system of blood vessels that comes
blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right
atrium.
5. How is studying hepatic portal vein important in the field of pharmacy?
The importance of hepatic portal vein is during the absorption of drugs in the GI
which enters to the hepatic portal system, which does not directly join the inferior vena
cava, the large vein that returns blood to the heart. Instead, the hepatic portal vein
 collects veins from the stomach and intestine and carries the products absorbed from
the digestive tract directly to the liver for processing, storage, or detoxification before
the drugs gain access of the general circulation.
6. What effects will be seen on a patient’s cardiovascular system if he is injected with
epinephrine?
The epinephrine is a chemical that narrows the blood vessels and open airways in the
lungs. The possible effects of epinephrine to the patient cardiovascular systems would
be angina, arrhythmias, tachycardia, vasoconstriction and rapid rises in blood
pressure.
7. Differentiate baroreceptor reflex and RAAS in terms of regulating blood arterial
pressure?
Baroreceptor reflex regulate blood pressure moment to moment basis. When a person
rises rapidly from sitting blood pressure in the neck and thoracic regions drops due to
pull of gravity on the blood. The reduction n blood pressure cab be so great in
reducing blood flow to the brain. The decrease in blood pressure activates the
baroreceptor reflexes, which re-establish normal blood pressure within a second.
Meanwhile, for RAAS the kidney will release an enzyme called renin into the
circulatory system. The renin will act as blood protein angiotensinogen to produce
Angiotensin I and another enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme acts on
angiotensin I to convert to it most active form Angiotensin II, which is a potent
vasoconstrictor. Thus, in response to reduce blood pressure.
8. Describe and make schematic diagram on the activation of RAAS.
RAAS the kidney will release an enzyme called renin into the circulatory system. The
renin will act as blood protein angiotensinogen to produce Angiotensin I and another
enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme acts on angiotensin I to convert to it
most active form Angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. Thus, in response
to reduce blood pressure.

9. Koro-Sensei was rushed to an emergency after being involved in car accident. He is

bleeding profusely and having strong pulse. Despite this situation, he maintains his blood
pressure within normal limits. Describe the compensatory mechanism that happens in his
body to maintain blood pressure despite of blood loss.
The reduction in blood volume because of the accident causes a fall in central venous
pressure and cardiac filling that leads to reduce cardiac output and arterial pressure.
Koro Sensei maintained his blood pressure in normal limits because some of the
compensatory mechanism of the body is being activated like the baroreceptor reflex
which is being activated due to blood loss and re-establishes the blood pressure in
normal. The chemoreceptor reflex will be activated due to blood loss and decrease the
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart and increase the sympathetic stimulation of
the heart that causes to maintain the blood pressure in normal limits
10. Explain how surgery is helpful for Mr Torres, an old man who has difficulty in walking
short distance. He experiences severe pain in his right leg and will be relieved after a 5
minutes resting. His doctor said that the artery in his leg is occluded with fat.
There are a lot of ways to treat Mr. Torres. Atherosclerosis is the disease of Mr. Torres
he can be treated into way the non-surgical and surgical. It would be a great help for
Mr. Torres situation if he will undergo surgical because there would be clearing away
of the obstruction in the artery, thus improving blood circulation on his leg.