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  • The Fourteenth Century: The Rose The Rose The Royal Line of Succession

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    The document provides context on the 14th century in England and an introduction to the Wars of the Roses. Specifically, it notes that: 1) The 14th century was a warlike period dominated by the Hundred Years' War between England and France, though later military success waned. 2) The century was greatly impacted by the Black Death plague which reduced population and caused social/economic upheaval. 3) The document introduces the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic civil wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne.

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    CHARACT._OF_THE_14th_CENTURY__100_YEARS_WAR_1

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    The document provides context on the 14th century in England and an introduction to the Wars of the Roses. Specifically, it notes that: 1) The 14th century was a warlike period dominated by the Hundred Years' War between England and France, though later military success waned. 2) The century was greatly impacted by the Black Death plague which reduced population and caused social/economic upheaval. 3) The document introduces the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic civil wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views2 pages

    The Fourteenth Century: The Rose The Rose The Royal Line of Succession

    Uploaded by

    Monina Monina
    The document provides context on the 14th century in England and an introduction to the Wars of the Roses. Specifically, it notes that: 1) The 14th century was a warlike period dominated by the Hundred Years' War between England and France, though later military success waned. 2) The century was greatly impacted by the Black Death plague which reduced population and caused social/economic upheaval. 3) The document introduces the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic civil wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Fourteenth Century

    The fourteenth century had characteristics of its own that differentiate it from earlier and later
    periods. It was, in the first place, a very warlike period. Although feudalism was weakening, the
    upper classes still were organized for war, in which they engaged seeking financial profit as well as
    honor and renown. They gladly followed or else paid Edward III Scutage in the first part of a great
    war with France called the Hundred Years’ War.

    A modern spirit of nationalism arouse & England found unity & strength in the brutal game of
    plundering France, but later in the century, military success was followed by military failure.
    Richard II, an unwarlike king, was faced by the opposition of powerful & discontented barons,
    critical parliaments & disillusioned people.

    The fourteenth century was greatly influenced by the plague. This disease, which greatly reduced
    population, created an atmosphere of alarm & a sense of crisis. Social & economic conflict arouse
    as a reduced labor force demanded better wages & freedom from the bonds of serfdom.
    Commerce & industry improved & appeared to suffer less than agriculture for it was during this
    period that England became a manufacturer of woolen cloth. Some merchants prospered greatly.
    There was a gradual rise in the standard of living. After the plague, the influence of the clergy
    declined & a strong anticlerical sentiment arouse. Despite they still were grand & powerful, the
    gulf between the nobles and the growing middle classes was less than it had been in earlier
    centuries. Finally, it was in this period that English emerged as a literary language, though the
    nobility continued to speak & write in French & Latin remained the language of the church.

    Introduction to the “Wars of the Roses”

    The Lancaster Rose The York Rose

    The Royal line of succession

    EDWARD III (1327-77)

    EDWARD (The Black Prince) Lionel (Duke of York) John (Duke of Lancaster)

    RICHARD II (1377-1399) HENRY IV (1399-1377)

    HENRY V (1413-1422)

    HENRY VI (1422-1461) The War of the Roses

    EDWARD IV (1461-1483) RICHARD III (1483-1485)

    EDWARD V (April-June 1483) Elizabeth --------------------------married----------------- HENRY TUDOR (House of Tudor)


    Read “Towards the Tudors” 2nd part

    The “Wars of the Roses” were fought between the families of Lancaster (the red rose) & York (the
    white rose). Each side wanted to rule England. Each side tried to get the support of the nobles,
    who had large armies at their command. Loyalty however, didn’t count for much. People would
    change sides according to who was winning at the time.

    In 1483, the Yorkist Edward IV died leaving his 12-year-old son Edward V, to be the new king. He
    was too young to rule, so his uncle Richard said he would run the country in his name. But soon
    he was crowned king Richard III, and then Edward & his younger brother mysteriously
    disappeared. Richard III has always been charged with the murdering of his two nephews but it
    has never been proved.

    Richard III The 2 Princes’ Murder (?) Henry VII The Tudor rose

    The Lancastrian supporters decided to put Henry Tudor on the throne. Henry was living abroad,
    but on August 1485 he landed at Milford Heaven & marched inland. His forces met Richard III at
    Bosworth Field on August 22nd. That day Henry Tudor became King Henry VII.

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