SECTION TWO: SELECTED-RESPONSE TEST

PART ONE: PHONOLOGY

I. Mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
others in each group. (2.5 pts)
1. A. precaution B. preference C. predator D. president
2. A. devour B. downpour C. flour D. scour
3. A. illusion B. occasion C. dimension D. evasion
4. A. giraffes B. myths C. recipes D. lyrics
5. A. ballet B. gadget C. duvet D. gilet
II. Mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose main stress position is placed differently from that of the
others in each group. (2.5 pts)
6. A. surname B. surpass C. surface D. surplus
7. A. contributory B. incompatible C. psychological D. unadventurous
8. A. cultivate B. extrovert C. apprehend D. magnitude
9. A. majesty B. apprentice C. flamingo D. detergent
10. A. magnificent B. parameter C. automobile D. provocative

PART TWO: READING COMPREHENSION

I. Read the following passage and mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
from 11 to 20. (10 pts)
Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its
motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and
competition is stressful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are the greatest. The
presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public
services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime
has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today’s ease of movement makes its control
more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of
communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.
As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the
pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept
locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a
source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example,
reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to
society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community’s concern for its members.
Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to
oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.
Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the
competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because
so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.
Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old
established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually
to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes,
usually to be re-housed in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human
interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the
difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the
environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.
11. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _____.
A. naturally aggressive B. likely to commit crime C. anxious to succeed D. in need of help
12. The word “its” used in paragraph 1 refers to _____.
A. control B. movement C. urban life D. crime
13. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _____.
A. people feel anonymous there B. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals
C. the population is too large D. people do not communicate with their neighbors
14. The word “anonymity” used in paragraph 1 can be replaced by _____.
A. intensity B. vagueness C. isolation D. disaster
15. All of the following strategies to reduce pressure are mentioned EXCEPT _____.
A. never use telephones B. limit one’s contact
C. use alcohol D. make quick journeys outside
16. According to the article, what may be the most serious consequence of these defensive forms of
behaviour?
A. Tracing the criminals B. Drugs and alcoholism
C. Finding somewhere to live D. Social isolation
17. Architectural changes have affected city life by _____.
A. giving the individual a plan for rehousing B. making people move to the suburbs
C. dispersing long-established communities D. forcing people to limit the interaction with others
18. The word “drab” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. inconsiderable B. colourful C. trapped D. monotonous
19. The word “impersonal” in the last paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to _____.
A. remote B. abstract C. businesslike D. unfriendly
20. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Problems facing people living in cities B. City dwellers and their defensive strategies against
crimes
C. Costs of urbanized cities D. Stressful competitions in inner areas of cities
II. Read the following passage and mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase to complete
each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 30. (5 pts)
WHY PEOPLE LAUGH
Sunday May 4th will be World Laughter Day. Dr Madan Kataria, who introduced this annual event, says we
need more laughter in our lives to combat the global rise of stress and loneliness. But surely that strange sound
that we make periodically can’t be the (21) _____ to such problems.
If an alien were to land on our planet and take a stroll among a crowd of earthlings, it would hear a lot of ‘ha-ha’
noises. It might wonder what (22) _____ this strange habit served. If we ask ourselves what (23) _____ a good
laugh, the obvious answer is that it is a response to something funny. But one scientist, Robert Provine, says
humour has surprisingly (24) _____ to do with that. (25) _____, it lies at the root of such issues as the
perception of self and the evolution of language and social behaviour.
Provine realised that you cannot capture (26) _____ laughter in the lab because as soon as you place it under
scrutiny, it vanishes. So, instead, he gathered data by (27) _____ with groups of people, noting when they
laughed.
He collected 1,200 laugh episodes - an episode being defined as the comment immediately preceding the
laughter and the laughter itself. His analysis of this data (28) _____ some important facts about laughter. “It's a
message we send to other people - it (29) _____ disappears when we're by ourselves,” he says. “And it’s not a
choice. Ask someone to laugh and they’ll (30) _____ try to fake a laugh or say they can’t do it on demand.”
21. A. answer B. resolution C. introduction D. response
22. A. purpose B. reason C. idea D. meaning
23. A. prompts B. conceals C. inhibits D. concludes
24. A. much B. few C. little D. many
25. A. Instead B. In conclusion C. As a result D. Whereas
26. A. authentic B. complete C. contemporary D. current
27. A. showing up B. ending up C. coming around D. hanging around
28. A. declared B. investigated C. displayed D. revealed
29. A. undoubtedly B. constantly C. virtually D. absolutely
30. A. sooner B. either C. neither D. whether
III. Read the following passage and mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

from 31 to 35. (5 pts)

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had
with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient
archaeological sites. In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads. In some
cultures, still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the
afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the
effects of corrosion can further change their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and
the effects of time.
Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of clothing, beads possess the desirable
characteristics of every collectible: they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in
their original cultural context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes,
colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context,
economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel. Even the most ordinary
beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead researcher
must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in
what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have
little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from
their original cultural context.
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded as the
"small change of civilizations”, beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date
archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.
31. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. Materials used in making beads B. How beads are made
C. The reasons for studying beads D. Different types of beads
32. The word “adorned” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. decorated B. protected C. purchased D. enjoyed
33. All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT _____.
A. portability B. scarcity C. value D. durability
34. It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they _____.
A. have been moved from their original locations B. have been buried underground
C. are small in size D. are frequently lost
35. Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the following?
A. Medical researchers B. Agricultural experts C. Economists D. Anthropologists

PART THREE: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Mark letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences. (10 pts)
36. One of my favourite sayings is “Absence makes the heart grow _____”.
A. kinder B. warmer C. keener D. fonder
37. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm _____ immediately was approved.
A. be evacuated B. evacuated C. would be evacuated D. being evacuated
38. We had an argument last week. Now I want to have a long calm talk with her to _____.
A. have a go B. clear the air
C. keep my eyes open D. jump down my throat
39. _____ has resulted in what is known as deforestation.
A. That excessive logging of forests in the past century
B. It is that excessive logging of forests in the past century
C. That is excessive logging of forests in the past century
D. It is excessive logging of forests in the past century that
40. The wedding marked the beginning of a new _____ in Catherine’s life.
A. stint B. duration C. span D. phase
41. For the last few days, I _____ in Jane’s office as mine _____.
A. have worked – is redecorated B. had worked – was being redecorated
C. was working – was being redecorated D. have been working – is being redecorated
42. Emily was _____ disappointed when she learnt that she hadn’t won the beauty contest.
A. heavily B. strongly C. seriously D. bitterly

43. Frank is at a shoes store.

Frank: “Can I try on these shoes?”
Shop assistant: “_____.”
A. First come, first served B. Oh, to your liking
C. By all means, sir D. Just enjoy yourself
44. Alan is talking with Mandy after coming back from a fair.
Alan: “I met your brother at the fair.”
Mandy: “You _____ my brother. I haven't got one!”
A. mustn't have met B. couldn't meet C. can't have met D. can't meet
45. A wife is talking to her husband before he leaves for work.
Wife: “Will you be home late tonight?”
Husband: “_____. The meeting won't start until six.”
A. No problem B. I'm afraid so C. I hope so D. No worries
46. It's always difficult to know what she's thinking because she's so _____.
A. selfless B. indecisive C. reserved D. inactive
47. There are other factors _____ those we have discussed.
A. out and about B. over and above C. up and down D. to and fro
48. It’s been announced that the officer will _____ trial for leaking secret data to the enemy’s intelligence.
A. sit B. go C. take D. stand
49. We walked through a park, _____ had been uprooted in the storm. It was a scene of utter desolation.
A. that the most trees B. most of whose trees C. most trees of it D. whose most trees
50. Explorers are said _____ a primitive tribe in the Amazon not long ago.
A. finding B. to have found C. to find D. having found
51. The bank will give an immediate refund _____ an error being made.
A. as an account of B. in the event of C. as a means of D. in recognition of
52. Staying in a hotel costs _____ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.
A. as much twice B. twice as much as C. more than twice as D. twice more
53. In spite of all the interruptions, Sheila _____ with her work.
A. pressed on B. tried out C. held off D. came down
54. Ted: What _____ make of car do you drive?
George: It’s _____ Toyota Camry.
A. the – Ø B. Ø – a C. the – a D. Ø – Ø
55. He’d rather not have been trusted with that money, _____ he?
A. had B. would C. wouldn’t D. hadn’t