UNIT 4 : VOLUNTEER WORK

VOCABULARY
- care [keə(r)] (n) : sự chăm sóc
- clean up ['kli:n ^p] (v) : dọn dẹp
- comfort [ˈkʌmfət] (n) : nguồn an ủi
The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.
- disadvantaged [dɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd] (adj) : thiếu thốn ,thiệt thòi
- disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] (n) : tham họa
- do shopping : đi mua sắm
- drought [draʊt] (n) : hạn hán
- education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] (n) : sự giao dục
A child receives its early education at home.
- flood [flʌd] (n) : lũ lụt
- handicapped [ˈhændikæpt] (adj) : tàn tật
Bringing up a handicapped child can be a long and hard road.
- home for the aged (n)= old people's home. :viện dưỡng lão
What I didn’t want was to see my mother sent to a home for the aged.
- lawn [lɔːn] (n) : bãi cỏ
- local [ˈləʊkl (adj) : địa phương
- mountainous [ˈmaʊntənəs] (adj) : có nhiều núi
- mow [məʊ (v) : cắt vỏ
In summer we have to mow the lawn twice a week.
- organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn] (n) : tổ chưcs
- orphanage [ˈɔːfənɪdʒ] (n) : trại trẻ mồ côi
- overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] (v) : kahwcs phục ,vượt qua
She tried hard to overcome her fear of flying.
- participate in [pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt] (v) : tham gia
- provide [prəˈvaɪd] (v) : cung cấp
The local authorities promised to provide the best possible medical care for people.
- remote [rɪˈməʊt] (adj) : xa xôi
- suffer (from sth.) [ˈsʌfə(r)] (v) : chịu đựng
He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it.
- take part in (v) : tham gia
She could sing a bit and agreed to take part in the show.
- volunteer [,vɒlənˈtɪə(r)] (v) & (n) : tình nguyện
- voluntarily [ˈvɒləntrəli (adv) : tình nguyện
- voluntary [ˈvɒləntri (adj) : tình nguyện
She works for a voluntary organization helping homeless people.

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 LANGUAGE FOCUS
Ä Pronunciation : /w/ /j/
Ä Grammar :
1. Gerund and present participle
2. Perfect gerund and perfect participle.

I). PRONUNCIATION
A. Which underlined part in each word is pronounced differently from that in the others?

1. A. mayor B. lawyer C. beyond D. yesterday

2. A. weekly B. while C. whole D. welcome
3. A. withdraw B. answer C. always D. awake
4. A. yacht B. Europe C. youth D. prayer
5. A. wrong B. nephew C. newspaper D. steward

B. Which of the following words in each group is stressed on a different syllable from the others?

6. A. handicapped B. voluntarily C. orphanage D. volunteer

7. A. difficulty B. organization C. comfortable D. mountainous
8. A. perform B. donation C. participate D. martyr
9. A. disaster B. suffer C. number D. comfort
10. A. usually B. company C. attend D. organise

II). GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Exercise 1 : Complete the sentences with the gerund using the following verbs:
practice take go become pass
get travel do teach save
1. I’m worried about ______ my exams.
2. I’ve often dreamed of ____________ round the world.
3. We talk about __________ married one day.
4. I bought some new clothes before _______ to the interview.
5. They believe in _________ children to look after themselves.
6. I’m tired of _______ the same job all the time.
7. She’s very happy about __________ all her exams.
8. Were you interested in ___________ a pilot when you were younger?
9. We’re not very good at _________ money.
10. She learned to play the piano well by __________ every day.

Exercise 2 : Complete the sentences with the correct form of the gerund or the infinitive or the
present participle phrases .

1. His greatest ambition is _______ (choose) to take part in the Olympics.

2. ___________ (accept) for that course changed my life.
3. He denied ______________ (say) it to me.
4. We congratulated him on ______________ (get) the job.
5. The children are looking forward to ___________ (film) for that television program.
6. He denied _________ ( take part) in the robbery.
1. 7.He is suspected of _____________ ( lie) in order to get the job.
7. I hate ___________ (ask) my age.
8. I’m sorry for ____________ (disturb) you.
9. He doesn’t respond very well to ___________ ( ask) to do things.
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 10. I caught him ____________ (look ) through my drawers.
11. Would you like to come _______ ( ski) with us.
12. ______________ (hold) his hands, she led him through the crowd.
13. I stayed at home _______ (watch) television.
14. _________ (turn) on her computer , she started work.
15. After ________ ( speak) to you, I felt much better.
16. I didn’t like him on first ______ (meet) him.
17. __________ ( be) happy with my results , I decided to go out and celebrate.
18. __________ ( live) here all his life, He knows a lot about the city.
19. __________ (have) an argument with him the night before, I didn’t want to see him.

Exercise 3 : Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence , using the -‘ing’ form or
bare infinitive or present participle or perfect participle.
1. I saw you the other day. You were cycling to work.
à _________________________________________.
2. I heard him early this morning. He left the house.
à ________________________________________________.
3. She stood there and watched him. He drove away.
à ____________________________________________
4. Did you notice me? I was crying.
à__________________________________________
5. I’ve often seen you. You’ve been walking along the beach with your dog.
à__________________________________________
6. Have you ever heard him . He plays the saxophone.
à__________________________________________
7. I expect to find you when I get back. You will be working hard.
à__________________________________________
8. I looked at the child and felt very sad. She was smiling up at me.
à__________________________________________
9. We heard them . They were arguing all night.
à__________________________________________
10. I can feel my hands . They are shaking.
à__________________________________________
11. Although he hated the job, he did it for many years.
à__________________________________________
12. She came in. She looked furious.
à__________________________________________
13. I had plenty of time to spare so I had a good look round the town.
à__________________________________________
14. He was wearing only a pair of shorts. He walked out into the darkness.
à__________________________________________
15. I had been out all day so I was quite happy to stay in for the evening.
à__________________________________________
16. The bedrooms that overlook the sea are the best ones in the hotel.
à__________________________________________.
17. We are wasting time . We are sitting here and doing nothing.
à__________________________________________.
18. I have changed my job since I last wrote to you.
à__________________________________________.
19. Before I make a decision , I need to discuss it with my partner.
à__________________________________________.
20. Because he loved her so much, he forgave her for everything.
à__________________________________________.

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Exercise 4 : Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct forms.
IT TAKES YOUR BREATH AWAY!
The art of (cook) (1)__________ requires the use of garlic. Of course, the (eat) (2)
__________ of garlic is not generally approved of. (Work) (3) __________ beside someone who
has eaten garlic is as bad as (sit) (4) ___________ beside someone who smokes. But while
(smoke) (5) ___________ definitely bad for you, there are no doubt that (eat) (6) ________ garlic
is good for the heath. We are likely to see more ‘No (smoke) (7) _________ signs, but we won’t
see any “No (breath)’ (8) ____________ signs for garlic eaters! (Cultivate) (9) ___________ and
(export) (10) ____________ garlic has become big business now that so many people use it for
(flavor) (11) ___________ meat and (add) (12) ________ to different dishes. People often buy it
when they do the (shop) (13) __________. You don’t have to deny (use) (14) __________ it or
(have/eat) (15)__________ it. (Be) (16) ________ a garlic eater is something to be proud of and
shows you enjoy good (live) (17) ________. The story of garlic is a breathtaking success!
Exercise 5 : Match two halves of the following sentences.
A B
1. It’s difficult to keep them _______ a) sheltering in the barn.
2. I think that’s enough to start her ____ b) coming from the forest.
3. I could smell smoke _____ c) worrying again.
4. The police caught him ____ d) opening the safe .
5. The searchers found the boy _____ e) thinking about the problem.
6. They left us _____ f) working all the time.
7. Will you please stop ____ g) shouting in the distance.
8. I can hear someone _____ h) changing TV channels.

III). VOCABULARY & WORD STUDY

WORD CHART
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
Advantage: sự thuận lợi Advantageous: có lợi
Disadvantage:sự bất lợi Disadvantaged:bất lợi
Comfort: sự an ủi,sự Comfort: an ủi Comfortable: thoải Comfortably:
thoải mái mái tiện nghi Uncomfortably:
Uncomfortable: thiếu
tiện nghi
Education: sự giáo dục Educate: giáo dục Educated: có học vấn Educationally:
Educator: Uneducated: thiếu học
vấn
Educational: thuộc về
giáo dục
Mountain: núi Mountainous: có
Mountaineer: ngừoi leo nhiều núi non
núi
Mountaineering: môn
thể thao leo núi
Nature: thiên nhiên Natural: thuộc về Naturally: một cách
thiên nhiên tự nhiên
Participant: người tham Participate (in):
dự Participation: sự tham gia
tham dự
Suffering: sự dhiuj Suffer: chịu đựng
đựng
Sufferer: ngừoi bệnh
Volunteer: người tình Volunteer: tình Voluntary: tình Voluntarily:
nguyện nguyện nguyên
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Exercise 1: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Final-year students are anxious about getting work after graduation. (nature)
2. Some regions in the North of our country is very . (mountain)
3. These students spend their spare time at weekends taking care of the
orphans. (volunteer)
4. High school students are among the many in the Green Summer
Program, whose purpose is to protect the environment. (participate)
5. Please make yourselves while I get dinner ready. (comfort)
6. The young girl, who died of cancer, had received many letters of support from her fellow
. (suffer)
7. I couldn’t sleep because the bed was so . (comfort)
8. The purpose of this program is to provide education for homeless and
children. (advantage)
9. Children who are born into poor, large families may be disadvantaged.
(education)
10. This charitable organization relies almost on contributions.
(volunteer)
11. If you’re too trusting, other people will take of you. (disadvantaged)
12. .Birds are enemies of many harmful insects. (nature)
13. Tom, whose parents are and barely literate, has a master’s degree
from London University. (educate)
14. is an adventure sport, which may be involved in dangers. (mountain)
15. When the audience had all sat , the lecturer began his speech.
(comfort)

Exercise 2 : Complete the sentences using the words or phrases in the box.

handicapped organizations overcome suffers remote

provide mow disadvantage donated care

1. I ____ the lawn every week in summer.

2. The article was about the international aid ____ .
3. One ____ of living in the town is the lack of safe places for the children to play.
4. She's the warden of a home for mentally ____ people.
5. Nurseries are responsible for the children in their ____ care.
6. Eventually she managed to ____ her shyness in class.
7. She ____ terribly in the winter when it's cold and her joints get stiff.
8. The farmhouse is ____ from any other buildings.
9. We are here to ____ a service for the public.
10. An anonymous businesswoman ____ one million dollars to the charity.

Exercise 3. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank, or that best explains the
underlined part in each sentence.
1. Who’s taking care ____ the children while you’re away?
A. for B. in C. of D. with
2. This organization needs more to do the charitable work.
A. volunteers B. competitors C. martyrs D. orphans
3. We encourage the students to more in the voluntary work.
A. take place B. participate C. suffer D. provide
4. Give the letter ____ your mother when you’ve read it.
A. for B. with C. no preposition D. to
5. Eventually she managed to her shyness in class.
A. try B. overcome C. prevent D. succeed in
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6. He had in remembering the right word in French.
A. difficult B. difficulties C. difficulty D. difficultly
7. Because of the long drought, many villages had to from a shortage of food and
water supplies.
A. prevent B. participate C. comfort D. suffer
8. They work ____ the night and sleep by day.
A. during B. while C. at D. on
9. This year, I don’t have as free time as I had last year.
A. some B. a few C. a little D. much
10. He's tall ____ to change the bulb without getting on a chair.
A. too B. enough C. than D. for

Exercise 4. Find the underline part in each sentence that should be corrected.

1. George is not enough intelligent to pass this economics class without help.
A B C D
2. After being entered the new school, he began to make friends more easily.
A B C D
3. He giving up smoking has caused him to gain weight and become irritable with his
A B C D
acquaintances.
4. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them.
A B C D
5. Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intends support the opposition
A B
despite the objections of his stall.
C D

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 PROGRESS TEST 1
(Units 1, 2, 3 & 4)
Time : 45 minutes

I). Pronunciation
Choose the word which is stressed on a different syllable from the others.

1. A. celebrate B. American C. lemonade D. restaurant

2. A. experience B. teenager C. embarrassing D. extremely
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from that in the others.
3. A. children B. yacht C. kitchen D. lunch
4. A. busy B. fuss C. such D. fussy
II). Grammar & Vocabulary:
A). Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank, or that best explains the underlined part in
each sentence.
5. Look straight ahead and don’t turn______ !
A. round B. on C. off D. out
6. I had a rather unpleasant ______ at the dentist's.
A. experience B. skill C. knowledge D. information
7. I don’t appreciate _______ when I’m speaking.
A. to be interrupted B. interrupting C. being interrupted D. to interrupt
8. Jack got into trouble when he refused ________ his briefcase for the customs officer.
A. opening B. being opened C. to open D. to be opened
9. I expected _____ to the party, but I wasn’t.
A. inviting B. being invited C. to be invited D. to invite
10. He's tall ____ to change the bulb without getting on a chair.
A. too B. enough C. than D. for
11. When she a beautiful vase, she suddenly it.
A. held - was dropping B. held - has dropped
C. was holding - dropped D. was holding - was dropping
12. The student from her seat and walked to the front of the auditorium to receive
her diploma.
A. rose B. raised C. risen D. raising
13. They knew each other when they in France.
A. study B. are studying
C. have studied D. were studying
14. It's better too early than too late.
A. is B. be C. to be D. being
15. It's no good to him; he never answers letters.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. for writing
16. It again. It all the time here in the winter.
A. rains - 's raining B. 's raining - rains
C. 's raining - 's raining D. rains - rains
17. all traces of his crime, the criminal left the building.
A. Removed B. Have removed
C. Having removed D. To have removed
18. If you can't turn the key, try some oil in the clock.
A. put B. putting C. to put D. on to put
19. There were eight on the birthday cake for their eight-year-old daughter.
A. lights B. lamps C. neons D. candles
20. The region is so that it has not yet been mapped.
A. friendly B. remote C. ordinary D. well-known
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B). Choose the underlined part (A, B, C or D) in each sentence that should be corrected.
21. Let your shoes drying completely before putting them on.
A B C D
22. John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, but he is now living in Detroit.
A B C D
23. Stuart stopped to write his letter because he had to leave for the hospital.
A B C D
24. After being entered the new school, he began to make friends more easily.
A B C D
III). Reading: Choose the word or phrase (A, B. C, or D) that best fits each blank in the passage.
What kind of music do you enjoy? Some people like going to classical concerts, and
listening to (25) . The musicians wear very formal clothes, and the (26)
is silent until the end of the (27) . Perhaps you are a rock music fan . Rock concerts
are often held at football grounds or in parks. Members of the audience dance to the music, or sing
the songs. (28) music is played at weddings and parties in many countries, and
some people get their own music at home. Nowadays we (29) music in shops and
lifts, and many people carry their own music with them, or even (30) to music when
they study. Music is everywhere!
25. A. a group B. an orchestra C. a band D. a record
26. A. spectators B. people C. guests D. audience
27. A. happening B. action C. music D. performance
28. A. Historical B. Nation C. Traditional D. Ancient
29. A. listen B. hear C. perform D. understand
30. A. hear B. have C. follow D. listen
IV). Word Form: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. He was not asked to leave — he went . (volunteer).
2. He has been an active (participate) in the discussion.
3. Who arranged these flowers so (beauty)?
4. His office is very utilitarian in style, with no (decorate).
5. In their (eager) to find a solution, they may have overlooked certain
financial difficulties.
6. On this (memory) occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the
association.
7. Her (loyal) to the cause is impressive.
8. She felt (embarrass) about undressing in front of the doctor.
V). Writing : Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
1. What are their plans for the weekend?
What do they
2. Where would you like to go for your holiday?
Where do you feel ?
3. I haven't gone shopping for months.
It's months since
4. I decided to wait, which was wise.
My
5. I was willing to co-operate and this was appreciated.
My
6. He was foolish. He left the firm.
It was
7. He is very selfish. He wouldn't offer to help anyone.
He is too
8. It seems that he was killed with a blunt instrument.
He seems

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 UNIT 5 : ILLITERACY
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Ä Pronunciation : /pl/ /bl/ /pr/ /br/
Ä Grammar and Vocabulary :
Reported speech with infinitive(s)

I). PRONUNCIATION
A. Which underlined part in each word is pronounced differently from that in the others?

1. A. earn B. burn C. pearl D. earring

2. A. cough B. ground C. shout D. crown
3. A. curse B. purse C. cure D. emerge
4. A. decided B. prevented C. worked D. wicked
5. A. pear B. fear C. hear D. deer

B. Which of the following words in each group is stressed on a different syllable from the others?

6. A. illiteracy B. campaign C. eradicate D. honorable

7. A. effective B. survey C. respect D. minority
8. A. strategy B. gratitude C. handicapped D. expand
9. A. activity B. disadvantage C. universal D. disappointed
10. A. province B. programme C. population D. relevant
II). GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Exercise 1 : Change the following direct commands into indirect commands :

1 'Switch off the TV,' he said to her.
à He told her
2 'Lend me your pen for a moment,' I said to Mary.
à I asked Mary
3 'Don't believe everything you hear,' he warned me.
à He warned me
4 'Please fill up this form,' the secretary said.
à The secretary asked me
5 'Open the safe!' the raiders ordered the bank clerk.
à The raiders ordered the bank clerk
6 'Please do as I say,' he begged me.
àHe begged me
7 'Don't make too much noise, children,' he said.
àHe told the children
8 'Do whatever you like,' she said to us.
à She told us
9 'Don't miss your train,' she warned them.
àShe warned them
10 'Read it before you sign it,' he said to his client.
àHe advised his client
11 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant.
à The assistant recommended me
12 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor.
à The doctor urged me

9
13 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.
à He ordered me
14 ‘Read the instructions before you do it,’ she said to me.
à She advised me
14 ‘Try your best and you’ll succeed,’ he told me.
à He encouraged me

Exercise 2 : Put the following into indirect speech, joining the sentences together with as, and,
but or for.

1. 'Make good use of your time. You won't get such an opportunity again,' he said to us.
àHe advised us ________________________________________________
2. 'Don't wait till tomorrow,' said the advertisement, 'post the coupon at once.'
à The advertisement urged the public_______________________________________
3. 'Be very careful crossing roads,' she said, 'and remember to drive on the right.'
à She warned them ________________________________________________
4. 'I can't open it. You have a try, Peter,' he said.
àHe said ________________________________________________
5. 'Go and get me a paper, and come straight back,' he said to me.
àHe told me ________________________________________________
6. 'Someone's coming. Get into the cupboard,' she said.
àShe said ________________________________________________
7. 'Give way to traffic approaching from your right,' the road sign warned us.
à The road sign warned us ________________________________________________
8. 'Please, please send whatever you can spare,' said the secretary of the disaster fund.
à The secretary of the disaster fund begged us _____________________________
9. 'Wear a wig if you don't want to be recognized,' I advised him.
à I advised him ________________________________________________
10. 'Don't bathe when the red flag is flying,' said the lifeguard.
à The lifeguard warned/told them _____________________________________

Exercise 3 : Put the following into indirect speech using ask, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell,
warn.

1. 'Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?' he said to me.

à He invited me ______________________________________________
2. 'Would you like a cigarette?' said one of the guests.
à One of the guests offered me/her/him ____________________________________
3. 'Would you mind not smoking between courses?' said their hostess.
à Their hostess asked them _________________________________________
à Their hostess asked if they _________________________________________
4. 'Take these letters to the post, will you? And shut the door as you out,' said the boss.
à The boss told her _________________________________________
5. 'Will you help me, please?' she said. I can't reach the top shelf.'
à She asked me _________________________________________
6. 'This is a horrible room. Why don't you ask for something better?' he said.
à He said _________________________________________
7. 'If I were you I'd try to get a room on the top floor,' he said.
à He advised me _________________________________________
8. 'I'll wait for you if you like,' she said.
à She offered _________________________________________
9. 'Remember to switch off when you've finished,' he said.
à He reminded me _________________________________________
10. 'You might check these figures for me,' he said.
10
à He asked/told me _________________________________________

Exercise 4 : Put the sentences into reported speeches, summarizing what was said in using the
verbs in the box.

decide complain advise persuade warn

accuse invite offer remind refuse

1. ‘I know you’ve got a lot of work to do at the moment. I’ll help you type up that report if
you like’, he said
àHe ______________________________________________.
2. A: I don’t think you should hand in your resignation immediately. Give yourself more time
to think about it.
B: OK, I suppose you’re right. I’ll leave it for a while then’
àHe ___________________________________________.
3. ‘No, I’m not going to discuss it with you. I think it’s a waste of time’, he said.
àHe __________________________________
4. ‘I really think I should have been invited to the meeting. I’m very unhappy about the fact
that I wasn’t,’ he said.
àHe _______________________________________.
5. ‘You’ve been quite ill and you need to recover. I really think you should take it easy for a
few days,’ the doctor said.
àThe doctor ________________________________
6. ‘You must not go near their house again or there will be trouble’, the police said to him.
àThe police _____________________________
7. ‘ After giving the matter some serious thought , We have now reached a final decision. We
are going to close down the naval base in two years’ time,’ said the Ministry of Defence .
àThe Ministry of Defence ____________________________
8. ‘Someone ‘s been reading my diary. I know they are. I found it in the wrong drawer this
morning. It was you, wasn’t it?’
àShe _________________________________________.
9. “Remember that you’ve to apply for a new passport. Yours is out of date now,” he said to
me.
àHe ________________________________________________.
10. ‘Would you like to come and stay for the weekend,’ he said to me.
àHe_____________________________________.

III). VOCABULARY & WORD STUDY

WORD CHART

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Center / centre: trung Central: Centrally:
tâm
Effect: hiệu quả ,tác Effective: có hiệu quả Effectively:
dụng Ineffective: Ineffectively:
Eradication: sự xoá Eradicate: xoá bỏ
bỏ
Honour / honor: danh Honourable / Honourably /
dự honorable: honorably:
Literacy: sự biết chữ Illiterate:
illiteracy: Literate:

11
 Minority: thieåu soá Minor: thöù yeáu;
khoâng quan troïng
Promotion: sự quảng Promote: quảng
bá, sự thăng chức bá,thăng chức
Relevance: sự thích Relevant (to): thích Relevantly:
hợp hợp Irrelevantly:
Irrelevant (to): không
thích hợp
Society: xã hội Socialize (with): xã Social: thuộc về xã Socially:
hội hoá hội
Sociable: hoà
đồng,thân thiện

Exercise 1: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. Debbie is a very girl. She makes friends easily wherever she goes.
(society)
2. The traffic lights are controlled by a computer. (center)
3. He quit the job because it didn’t offer any prospects of . (promote)
4. If you try to work for one year, you will be able to get a promotion.
(effect)
5. Her ideas have lost all to the modern world. She seems to be living in the
past. (relevant)
6. They have organized many computer training courses for old people who are computer
. (literacy)
7. This drug seems ; the patient is getting well. (effect)
8. FIFA are very determined to carry out the of racism from soccer. (eradicate)
9. They are still conducting a campaign in some rural areas to promote adult .
(literate)
10. This movie is for adults only. It is totally to young children. (relevant)
11. The economic reforms have actually brought benefits, both and politically.
(society)
12. I think Miss Thu has the experience in this job. She’s doing it well.
(relevance)
13. In some parts of the world, people are still divided into different classes.
(society)
14. These chemicals are in killing insects, so most farmers refuse to buy them now.
(effect)
15. Your son is rather uncommunicative. You should encourage him to more.
(society)

Exercise 2 : Complete the sentences using the words or phrases in the box.

campaign decrease illiteracy struggle expands

relevant honorable remote against eradication

1. In the rural areas, _______ is widespread.

2. The government gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the_______ of
unemployment.
3. The election_______ was not conducted very cleanly.
4. People in the_______ mountain villages still cleave to their old traditions.
5. She died after a brave fight _______ cancer.

12
 6. He received an _______ discharge from the army.
7. These comments are not directly _______ to this enquiry.
8. All countries should join together in the _______ against terrorism.
9. People should _______ the amount of fat they eat.
10. A child’s vocabulary _______ through reading.

Exercise 3. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank, or that best explains the
underlined part in each sentence.

1. They export their products to markets _______ the world.

A. throughout B. all C. through D. on
2. The palace took over twenty years to _______.
A. fill in B. write C. incomplete D. complete
3. In areas where such conditions occur, literacy rates are even lower among women and _______.
A. small minorities B. ethnic minorities
C. majority of people D. ethnic cleansing
4. That's not the way _______ it - let me show you.
A. do B. for doing C. to do D. doing
5. They live in a remote corner of Scotland, miles from the nearest shop.
A. mountainous B. far away in distance
C. global D. throughout the world
6. Plato's teachings had a profound effect on Aristotle.
A. infection B. affection C. depth D. influence
7. The committee has met and ________________.
A. it has reached a decision B. they have reached a decision
C. it has formulated themselves some opinions D. its decision was reached at
8. The changes in this city have occurred _________________
A. with swiftness B. in rapid ways C. rapidly D. fastly
9. After a long, hard struggle, we gradually succeeded in having people accept the truth of our
theory.
A. suddenly B. momentarily C. graciously D. slowly
10. Many new medicines today eradicate diseases before they become too widespread.
A. wipe out B. identify C. suspend D. prolong
11. A good student must know how .
A. study effectively B. he study effectively
C. to study effectively D. studying effectively
12. George did not do well in the class because _______________
A. he studied bad B. he failed to study properly
C. he was not good study wise D. he was a badly student
13. When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, ______________
A. his wife is sleeping B. his wife has slept
C. his wife has been sleeping D. his wife was sleeping
14. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to _____________________.
A. the driving of a car B. driving a car
C. when you drive a car D. when driving a car
15. I spent an hour at the station _______ for the train.
A. to wait B. for waiting C. waiting D. being waited

Exercise 4. Find the underline part in each sentence that should be corrected.

1. Before we returned from swimming in the river near the camp, someone had stole our
A B
clothes, and we had to walk back with our towels around us.
C D
13
2. He has been hoped for a raise for the last four months, but his boss is reluctant to give
A B C
him one.
D
3. After driving for twenty miles, he suddenly realized that he has been driving in the
A B C D
wrong direction.

4. Jane promised to borrow me her new movie camera if I wanted to use it on my trip to
A B C D
Europe.
5. When Cliff was sick with the flu, his mother made him to eat chicken soup and rest in
A B C D
bed.
Exercise 5 : Choose the Word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fist each blank the passage.

Literacy, commonly (1)_________ the ability to read and write at a designated level of
proficiency. Literacy is more (2)_________ defined as a technical capability to decode or
reproduce written or printed signs, symbols, or letters combined into words. (3)___________,
literacy has been closely associated (4) ______ the alphabet and its role in written communication.
However, it has become (5)________ common to refer to different forms of literacy, such as
computer, mathematical, or graphic literacy. Most experts believe that people need a combination
of many different forms of literacy to meet the demands of modern life.
According to UNESCO, literacy rates increased from about 60 percent of the world’s
(6)___________ in 1970 to 77.4 percent in 1995. However, due to the rapid increase of the
world’s overall population, the number of (7)_________ people has also grown. UNESCO
estimates that in 1995 an estimated 885 million adults worldwide did not have basic (8)_______
and writing skills. The problem is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia, and the
Middle East, areas where literacy(9)________ averaged below 60 percent in 1995. UNESCO has
shown that illiteracy accompanies (10)_________, low life expectancy, political oppression, and
underdevelopment.

1. A. named B. considered C. call D. is considering

2. A. precise B. exact C. precisely D. bad
3. A. Traditionally B. Tradition C. Traditional D. Traditionist
4. A. for B. to C. about D. with
5. A. less and less B. fast C. slowly D. increasingly
6. A. population B. popular C. popularity D. campaign
7. A. illiteracy B. literate C. illiterate D. illiterate
8. A. hearing B. reading C. speaking D. listening
9. A. measure B. rates C. payments D. amount
10. A. richness B. poor C. poverty D. Poorly

14
 UNIT 6 : COMPETITIONS
VOCABULARY
- activity [ækˈtɪvəti] (n) : hoạt động
Ex: This kind of activity develops the children's problem-solving skills.
- aim [eim] (n) : mục đích
The main aim of this course is to improve your spoken English.
- announce [əˈnaʊns] (v) : thông báo
The winners of the competition will be announced next month.
- annual [ˈænjuəl] (adj) : hàng năm
Hundreds of horses are bought and sold at the annual horse fair.
- apologize (or: apologise) [əˈpɒlədʒaɪz] (v) : xin lỗi
I apologize for phoning you at this late hour.
- competition [,kɒmpəˈtɪʃn] (n) : cuộc thi đấu
- completion [kəmˈpliːʃn] (n) : sự hoàn thành
This road is programmed for completion next year.
- contest [/ˈkɒntest] (n) : cuộc thi
- disappointed [dɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd] (adj) : thất vongj
- enjoyment [ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt] (n) : niềm vui,sự thích thú
Children seem to have lost their enjoyment in reading.
- explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] (v) : giải thích
Ví duï: It’s the nth time I’ve explained it to you.
- final [ˈfaɪnl] (n) : trận chung kết
- judge [dʒʌdʒ] (n) : gaims khảo
- maximum [ˈmæksɪməm] (adj) : tối đa
The plant grows to a maximum height of 24 inches.
- observe [əbˈzɜːv] (v) : quansát
Ví duï: It is interesting to observe the behaviors of birds.
- organize (or: organise) [ˈɔːɡənaɪz] (v) : tổ chức
- performance [pəˈfɔːməns] (n) : sự tình baỳ,cuộc biểu diễn
- poem [ˈpəʊɪm/] (n) : bài thơ
- point [pɔɪnt] (n) : điểm
- recite [rɪˈsaɪt] (v) : đọc thuộc lòng
- representative [reprɪˈzentətɪv] (n) : người địa diện
Our representatives are ready to help you at all times.
- result [rɪˈzʌlt] (n) : kết quả
- rule [ru:l] (n) : quy luật
- score [skɔː(r) (n) & (v) : điểm
- smoothly [ˈsmuːðli] (adv) : một cách trôi chảy
My work has been going quite smoothly.
- spirit [ˈspɪrɪt] (n) : tinh thânf
- sponsor [ˈspɒnsə(r] (v) : tài trợ
She found a company to sponsor her through college.
- stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] (v) : kích thích; khuyến khích
Praise always stimulates him to make greater efforts.
- Students' Parents Society : hội phụ huynh học sinh
- worksheet [ˈwɜːkʃiːt] (n) : phiếu in câu hỏi

15
 LANGUAGE FOCUS
Ä Pronunciation: /tr/ - /dr/ - /tw/
Ä Grammar: Reported Speech with gerund

I/ PRONUNCIATION:

A. Which of the following words in each group has the stress pattern different from that of the
others?

1. A. enemy B. chimney C. surface D. occur

2. A. animal B. final C. contest D. answer
3. A. competition B. activity C. disappointed D.
representative
4. A. total B. observe C. remember D. announce
5. A. enjoyment B. important C. complete D. poem.

B. Which of the following words in each group has the underlined part pronounced differently
from that of the others?

6. A. accident B. environment C. satisfied D. tiny

7. A. combing B. curbing C. plumbing D. climbing
8. A. centre B. cease C. capable D. cell
9. A. brush B. bush C. butcher D. put
10. A. yacht B. patch C. ladder D. happy
II/ GRAMMAR PRACTICE:

Exercise 1: Choose the right tense (simple past or past continuous).

1. I knew he was a police officer because he was wearing/wore his uniform.

2. She took her dog because it needed/was needing a walk.
3. She wore her sunglasses because the sun was shining/shone.
4. I failed/was failing my exam twice last year.
5. They watched/were watching TV when they heard a crash.
6. Last year we went/were going camping and we had a great time.
7. My mum was taking/took a picture when she dropped the camera.
8. Hippies lived/were living in the 1960s and 1970s.
9. The plane arrived/was arriving in Madrid on time.
10. I played/was playing football when I broke my leg.

Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences with the right form of the simple past tense from the
given verbs in the box.

play be get say warn

deny wear put have like

1. She her best dress at her brother’s wedding.

2. The teacher him that his jacket was not acceptable.
3. This morning I out of bed, had breakfast and went to work.
4. The police accused him of murder but he the charges.
16
 5. I my pen on the desk this morning but now I can’t find it.
6. He the football match on Saturday and scored three goals.
7. He a haircut before he went to the interview.
8. I asked her to marry me but she “no”.
9. Yesterday it cold but today it’s warmer.
10. When she was a teenager, she pop music but she doesn’t any more.

Exercise 3: Choose the most suitable option to complete the following sentences.
1. My brother get up early tomorrow.
A. goes to B. is going to C. will go to D. will has to
2. Tom lately?
A. Have you seen B. Do you see C. Did you seeD. Has you seen
3. My dog always barks if he anything unusual.
A. heard B. hears C. will hear D. would hear
4. She was late because she to a party the night before.
A. wake up / go B. woke up / had gone
C. wakes up / goes D. woke up / was going
5. By the time the police , the flying saucer .
A. arrived / had disappeared B. arriving / disappeared
C. arrives / appears D. arrived / disappearing
6. If I Chinese, I able to read this book.
A. know / will be B. knew / would be
C. knowing / will be D. knew / will be
7. The new hospital and built two months ago.
A. was planning B. had planned C. was planned D. planned
8. Diana an apartment yet, so she’s still living with her parents.
A. found B. hasn’t found C. is finding D. didn’t find
9. Brian is a law student and he for three years now.
A. has been studying B. is studying
C. studied D. did study
10. It as we walked slowly along the bad road.
A. has rained B. is raining C. had rained D. was raining
11. The director thanked everyone with the company through the years.
A. to cooperate B. with cooperation
C. to cooperating D. for cooperating
12. You look confused. what I said?
A. Are you understand B. Are you understanding
C. Do you understand D. Were you understanding
13. The official was of selling confidential information to the enemy.
A. considered B. accused C. admitted D. apologized
14. The coach was congratulated the team to success.
A. to lead B. leading C. for leading D. on leading
15. In case we don’t have enough money, I suggest by train instead of by plane.
A. to travel B. traveling C. us to travel D. our travel

Exercise 4: Complete the sentences using the Reported speech.

Example: “I hear you won the first award. Congratulations!” Lisa said to him
à Lisa congratulated him on winning the first award.
1. “I’m sorry I shouted at you yesterday,” Daisy said
Daisy apologized for
2. Larry’s mother: The car is really wonderful! We’ll certainly buy it!
Larry: I think so.
Larry and his mother were thinking of
17
3. “It was very nice of you to give me a hand. Thank you very much,” the old man said to the girl.
The old man thanked
4. Susan: I don’t know what should we do on Sunday?
Diana: What about going for a picnic?
Diana suggested
5. “My brother’s always wished to be famous,” Peter said.
Peter’s brother has always dreamed of
6. “It’s too dangerous. I can’t let you do this,” my teacher said to me.
My teacher prevented from
7. “He stole my cell phone,” the woman said to the man.
The woman accused of
8. Bob: ‘I’ll take Linda home.’ Jack: ‘Please, let me do it.’
Jack insisted on
9. “I really want to return to my village,” her grandmother said.
Her grandmother looked forward to
10. “Don’t tell them the truth,” he said to us.
He warned against
11. “I’m very sorry I forgot your birthday,” said his sister.
His sister apologised for
12. “I made a terrible mistake,” said the boy.
The boy admitted
13. “I’m really happy because you passed your driving test easily,” her father said to her.
Her father congratulated on
14. “I want to go to the United States to study,” that girl said.
That girl was thinking of
15. “Those students cheated in the examination,” the teacher said.
The teacher accused

Exercise 5: Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting.

1. It’s very kind of you to invite for me to stay with you

A B C D
2. Physicists is a fascinating course of study to follow.
A B C D
3. I really apologize for not to have told you about the change of the meeting earlier.
A B C D
4. The jury took a long times to reach an agreement among themselves.
A B C D
5. After my brother had returned to his house, he was watching T.V
A B C D
6. The work performed by these officers are not worth our paying them any longer.
A B C D
7. Peter and Tom plays tennis every Sunday with Mary and me.
A B C D
8. He was drink a cup of coffee when the telephone rang.
A B C D
9. Mary is studying medicine at the university and so does Tony.
A B C D
10. The bridge was hitting by a large ship during a sudden storm last week.
A B C D

III/ VOCABULARY & WORD STUDY

18
 WORD CHART

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

1.action:hành động Act:hành động,diễn Active:năng động Actively:
Activity:hành động xuất
2.apology:lời xin lỗi Apologise:xin lỗi
3.competition:cuộc thi đấu Compete:canh Competitive:có tính competitively
Competitor:người thi đấu tranh,thi đấu cạnh tranh
4.disappointment:sự thất Disappoint:làm thất Disappointed:bị thất disappointingly
vọng vọng vọng
Disappointing:gây
thất vọng
5.organization:tổ chức Organize:tổ chức Organized:có tổ
Organizer:người tổ chức chức
Disorganized:vô tổ
chức
6.participation:sự tham dự Participate
Participant:người tham dự
Perform:trình diễn
7.performance:sự trình
diễn
Performer:người trình diễn
8.representative:người đại Represent:đại diện Representative
diện (of):tiêu biểu ,điển
Representation:sự đại diện hình

Exercise 1: Complete each sentence with the right form of the word in brackets.

1. Lan always takes an part in every class discussion. (act)

2. This book is not of all his works during his lifetime. (represent)
3. He couldn’t hide his when she didn’t come to his party. (disappoint)
4. The English is open to all students who are in the 11th grade. (compete)
5. The teacher asked each student to choose a partner for the class . (act)
6. My active in class activities was awarded by the teacher. (participate)
7. The star of the match was Rooney who scored a hat-trick. (perform)
8. He made a clumsy , but she forgave him. (apologize)
9. The job was not very hard, but the salary was low. (disappoint)
10. The young singer gave an electrifying . (perform)
11. This charitable depends on donations from the public. (organize)
12. All the fans felt because their team played under their strength and
lost the match. (disappoint)
13. Telecommunication companies are now offering customers very
registration fees. (compete)
14. The authorities should take decisive towards a cleaner environment. (act)
15. Dave has been an active in our class discussions. (participate)

Exercise 2: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence or that is closest in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in the sentence.

1. The match of the World Cup 2010 was played by the Spanish and the Dutch teams.

19
 A. original B. final C. only D. maximum
2. The of the Japanese team was very impressive, but, unfortunately, they lost the match.
A. enjoyment B. activity C. completion D. performance
3. He was able to recite all the letters she had written to him.
A. rewrite without any mistake B. say aloud from memory
C. remember the most important points D. point out all the mistakes
4. The Arctic tern migrates annually in search of food.
A. very often B. every decade C. every five years D. every year
5. His one aim in life is to become a famous artist.
A. hobby B. purpose C. activity D. competition
6. The team is by AIG, so the players wear the letters AIG on their shirts.
A. played B. observed C. sponsored D. announced
7. Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to think.
A. encourage B. allow C. prevent D. hinder
8. The team is likely to win the championship because all the players are in very high spirits.
A. skills B. abilities C. experience D. feelings
9. Forlan the only goal for Uruguay in the match against the Netherlands.
A. made B. marked C. scored D. gained
10. He visited our company as the of Microsoft.
A. represent B. representing C. representative D. representation
11. You have a very good voice. Why don’t you enter for the singing contest?
A. competition B. training C. class D. course
12. The maximum load for this elevator is eight persons.
A. last B. heaviest C. smallest D. worst
13. The explosion might have been linked to crime.
A. organize B. organized C. organization D. organizer
14. The saying “You can't a book by its cover” means you cannot know what someone
is like by looking only at their appearance.
A. read B. judge C. enjoy D. observe
15. You must know all the of the game before you play it.
A. rules B. laws C. discipline D. regulations

20