Parallel Plate Waveguide

1- 0 < f < 2 GHz arasında TEM modları propagate edecek şekilde parallel plaka dalga
kılavuzu tasarlanacaktır. Plakalar arasındaki dielektrik malzemenin dielektrik sabiti 9’dur.
a) Plakalar arasındaki mesafe en çok ne kadar olmalıdır?
b) Bu mesafe 2.1 cm, ve f = 10 GHz ise hangi TEn and TMn modları propagate eder.

1- A parallel plate waveguide is to be designed so that only TEM modes can propagate in the
frequency range 0 < f < 2 GHz. The relative permittivity and permeability of the material
between the plates is 9 and 1, respectively.

a) What is the maximum allowed spacing between the parallel plate waveguides plates?

b) If the plate spacing is 2.1 cm, and f = 10 GHz, what TEn and TMn modes will propagate?

1- True or False:
a. The cutoff frequency for TEM waves is f = 0. True
b. All waveguides have a TEM wave. False
c. Waves below cutoff have no physical meaning. False
d. In general, as the permittivity of the material filling a waveguide increases, the cutoff
frequency of a given mode increases. False
e. Phase velocity, must be less than or equal to the speed of light. False
2- Consider a parallel-plate waveguide filled with a dielectric material for z > 0 , as shown.
The dielectric material has permittivity ε1 . The operating frequency is f = 30 2π GHz.

(a) Which TEm and TMm modes can propagate in this waveguide for d = 2π 3 cm and
ε1 = ε0 ?
(b) Find expressions for the E and H fields for the TM2 mode.
(c) Let ε1 = 3ε0 and d = 2π 3 . For waves propagating in the +z direction, for which values
of m will the TMm modes be totally reflected at the dielectric boundary? Why?
4- A parallel-plate waveguide having plate width and plate separation 1 cm is filled with
Teflon ( εr = 2.08 ). The waveguide is oriented along the z-direction. The center conductor of
a coaxial cable is extended into space between the plates in the z-direction, exciting a
mode(s) propagating in the z-direction with field components E z ≠ 0 . The source does not
excite TEM mode.

a) What type of mode(s) are propagating?

b) Write down the dispersion equation.
c) What is the usable frequency range for single-mode propagation?
d) What happens at sufficiently high frequencies (outside if the range obtained in part (b))?

a ) TM modes are propagating

b ) β = k 2 − (n π d )2 = 2.08ω 2 µ0 ε0 − (100n π )
2

c) n = 0 is TEM mode,
ωc(1)
2.08ω µ0 ε0 = (100π ) ⇒ ω
2
n = 1 is1 TM mode
st 2 (1)
c
= 65.32 GHz, f
c
(1)
= = 10.90 GHz
2π
ωc(1)
n = 2 is 2nd TM mode 2.08ω 2 µ0 ε0 = (200π ) ⇒ ωc(2) = 130.64 GHz, fc(2)
2
= = 20.80 GHz
2π
usable freq range is from10.9 GHz to 20.8 GHz
d ) At frequencies above 20.8 GHz additional higher order modes will propagate.
4-(a) İçi hava dolu paralel plaka bir dalga kılavuzunun 5 GHz’te hiçbir TE ve TM modunun
uyarılmaması için gereken plaka aralığı ne olmalıdır? b) Plakanın içi εr = 9 dielektrigi ile
dolu olursa simdi bu frekansta hangi TE ve TM modları uyarılır?

4- (a) Determine the height d of an air filled parallel-plate wave-guide so that the signals at
all frequencies below 5 GHz will propagate in the zero order mode ( TE 0 , TM0 ) but no
higher order mode ( TEn , TMn , n = 1, 2, 3,,,, ) will propagate for frequencies below 5 GHz.
(b) If the air dielectric in this guide is changed to a ceramic material of relative permittivity
εr = 9 , determine which modes can propagate at this operating frequency of 5 GHz.

n nc c
a) fcn = = → fc1 = 5 GHz, n = 1 → 5 × 109 = → d = 3 cm
2d µ0 ε0 2d 2d
ω εr kd
b) εr = 9, k = ω µε = = 100π, > n ⇒ β real → 100π × 0.03 > n → 3 > n
c π
So only n = 1, 2 modes will propagate (TE1,TE,TM,TM)
nc c 3 × 108
fc (TE1, TM1 ) = = = = 1.6666 GHz
2d εr 2d εr 2 × 3 × 10−2 × 3
nc 2c 2 × 3 × 108
fc (TE2 , TM2 ) = = = = 3.3333 GHz
2d εr 2d εr 2 × 3 × 10−2 × 3
nc 3c 3 × 3 × 108
fc (TE 3 , TM3 ) = = = = 5 GHz
2d εr 2d εr 2 × 3 × 10−2 × 3
nc 4c 4 × 3 × 108
fc (TE 4 , TM4 ) = = = = 6.6666 GHz
2d εr 2d εr 2 × 3 × 10−2 × 3
4- A parallel-plate waveguide has plate separation a =1 cm and is filled with teflon, having
relative permittivity εr = 2.1 .

a) Determine the max operating frequency such that only the TEM mode will propagate.
1 c
f ≤ fC1 = = = 10.35 GHz
2a ε0 εr µ0 2a εr

b) If the operating wavelength is λ =5 mm how many and which modes will propagate?

1 c c
f λ =V = = →f = = 41.4 GHz
ε0 εr µ0 εr λ εr
m = 0 → fC 0 = 0
m = 1 → fC1 = 10.35 GHz
m = 2 → fC2 = 20.7 GHz
m = 3 → fC 3 = 31.05 GHz
m = 4 → fC 4 = 41.4 GHz
fC1 , fC2 , fC 3 < f = 41.4 GHz ⇒ 7 modes will propagate (TEM, TE1 , TM1 , TE 2 , TM 2 , TE 3 , TM 3 )

6- A parallel-plate waveguide with plate separation a = 2 mm is partially filled with two

dielectrics with relative permittivities εr1 = 4 and εr2 = 2.1. At a certain frequency, it is found
that the TM1 mode propagates through the guide without suffering any reflective loss at the
dielectric interface. Find this frequency. Hint: Remember Brewster’s angle?
5-The fields for parallel plate waveguide is given as
j  ∂E z ∂H z  j  ∂E z ∂H z 
E x = − 2 β + ωµ  H x = 2 ωµ −β 
kc  ∂x ∂y  kc  ∂y ∂x 
j  ∂E z ∂H z  j  ∂E z ∂H z 
Ey = −β + ωµ  H = −  ωµ − β 
kc2  ∂y ∂x  kc2  ∂x ∂y 
y

a) For TM waves in a parallel plate waveguide derive Ez. Assume γ = j β .

b) What are the expressions for Ex and Hy for the parallel plate guide?

5- The cutoff frequency of the TE2 and TM2 modes in a parallel-plate waveguide is 100 GHz.
If the plate separation is 1mm, determine the dielectric constant of the medium between the
plates.
 c 
2
2c
→ εr = 
c
fc 2 = =  = 9
2a εr a εr 
 c2 
af
Rectangular Waveguide
1- Boyutları a = 2.3 cm ve b = 1.2 cm olan ve TE10 modunda içi hava dolu dikdörtgensel bir
dalga kılavuzundaki maksimum elektrik alan genliği 2 ×106 V m ise bu kılavuzun taşıyacağı
maksimum gücü hesaplayın. Kılavuzdaki frekans TE10 kesim frekansının 1.3 katıdır.
1- Assume an X-band air-filled rectangular waveguide of dimensions a=2.3cm and b=1.2cm.
The operating mode is dominant TE10 mode. Calculate the maximum power that can be
transmitted in the waveguide if the electric field in air is 2 ×106 V m . The operating
frequency is 30 percent higher than the cut-off frequency for the TE10 mode.

j ωµ  π   π  −γz  π  −γz 2  π 
2
TE10 mode E x = 0, Ey = −  H sin  x e = − jE sin  x e , h = 
h 2  a   a   a   a 
0 0

ωµ  π  120π 120π
E 0 = 2   H 0 = 2 × 106 , ηTE10 = = = 590 Ω
h a  1 − ( fc f ) 2
1 − (1 1.3)2
2
2  πx 
b a Ey E 02 b a E 02 ab
Pav = ∫ ∫ dxdy = ∫y=0 ∫x =0  a 
sin   dxdy = = 350.8 kW
y =0 x =0 2ηTE10 2ηTE10 2ηTE10 2

6- 10 GHz’te TE10 modunda çalışan dikdörtgensel dalga kılavuzunun boyutları a = 0.9 in ve

b = 0.4 in’tir. Aşağıdaki şekilde görüldüğü gibi bu kılavuzun sol tarafı hava sağ tarafı ise
dielektrik sabiti 2.2 olan malzeme ile doludur. Ara yüzeydeki yansıma katsayısını hesaplayın.
6- An X-band rectangular waveguide having dimensions a = 0.9 in and b = 0.4 in, carries the
TE10 mode at 10 GHz. Suppose part of this guide is filled with a lossless dielectric with a
dielectric constant of 2.2, as shown below. Find the reflection coefficient at the interface
between the two sections. Assume only the dominant mode propagates in each section.

c η0 120π
fc(1) = = 6.56 GHz, ZTE
(1)
= = = 500 Ω
2a 1 − ( fc f ) 2
1 − (6.56 10)2

c η0 εr 120π 2.2
fc(2) = = 4.42 GHz, ZTE
(2)
= = = 283 Ω
2a εr 1 − ( fc f )2 1 − (6.42 10)2
(2)
ZTE − ZTE
(1)
283 − 500
Γin = = = −0.277
ZTE + ZTE
(2) (1)
283 + 500
1- An air filled rectangular waveguide having the dimensions a=2.286 cm and b=1.016 cm
carries the dominant TE10 mode at 10 GHz.

a) Find the cutoff frequency, guide wavelength, the phase velocity, and the wave impedance
for this mode.
c λ0 3 cm
fc = = 6.56 GHz, λg = = ≅ 4 cm
2a 1 − ( fc f )2 0.775
c c η0 120π
Vp = = = 4 × 108 m s, Z TE = = = 500 Ω
1 − ( fc f ) 2
0.775 1 − ( fc f )2
0.775

b) What is the new wave impedance for the dominant mode if the waveguide is now filled
with a material with εr = 2 ?

c 6.56 GHz η η0 εr 266.6

fc = = = 4.64 GHz, Z TE = = = = 301 Ω
2a εr 2 1 − ( fc f )2 0.886 0.886

2- The transverse electric field in the dominant TE10 mode of a rectangular waveguide is
given by Ey = E 0 sin(πx a ) , where a is the guide width and b is the guide height, as usual.
The wave travels in the (+) z direction. Denoting the wave impedance by Z TE = ωµ0 β ,
a) Write an expression for the transverse magnetic field H x , in terms of E 0 .
b) Although there is also a z-component of magnetic field, it does not contribute to power
flow in the waveguide. Write an expression for the power density ( W m2 ) in the waveguide
(ie. the Poynting vector Save ).
c) Using your answer for (b), derive an expression for the total average power (in Watts)
passing through a rectanguilar waveguide. You will need ∫ sin2 x dx = 12 x − 14 sin 2x
d) Consider now an air filled rectangular waveguide having the dimensions a=2.286 cm and
b=1.016 cm operating in the dominant TE10 mode at 10 GHz. What is the maximum power
that can be transmitted through this waveguide without inducing dielectric breakdown, which
occurs at a field strength of 106 V m .

−Ey E0β  πx 
Hx = =− sin  
Z TE ωµ0 a 
1 1 E 02  πx 
Save = Re {E × H∗ } = sin2  
2 2 Z TE a 
π2
a b 1 E 02  πx  b E 02 a π 2 ab E 02
∫∫ ∫ ∫ sin2  dydx =
2 Z TE π ∫0
P= Save ⋅ dS = sin u du =
S 0 0 2 Z TE a  4 Z TE

c ω ωµ
fc = = 6.56 GHz, β = 1 − ( fc f )2 = 158 rad m , Z TE = = 500 Ω ⇒ Pmax = 116 kW
2a c β
2-TE modunda uyarılan içi dielektrik malzeme dolu bir dikdörtgensel dalga kılavuzunun
boyutları a = 5 cm ve b = 3 cm’dir. Bu kılavuzun içindeki elektrik alanın x bileşeninin ifadesi
E x = −36 cos(40πx ) sin(100πy ) sin(2.4π × 1010 t − 52.9πz ) (V m) ’dir.
a) mod indislerini bulun. b) εr = ? c) bu modun kesim frekansını bulun

2- A TE wave propagating in a dielectric filled rectangular waveguide of unknown

permittivity has dimensions a = 5 cm and b = 3 cm. If the x-component of its electric field is
given by E x = −36 cos(40πx ) sin(100πy ) sin(2.4π × 1010 t − 52.9πz ) (V m) :

a) Determine the mode number.

j ωµ  n π   m π   n π 
E x (x , y ) = 2 
  H 0 cos  x sin  y
h b   a   b 
ωµ  n π   m π   n π 
E x = Re {E x (x , y )e j ωt −j βz } = − 2   H 0 cos  x sin  y sin(ωt − β z )
h b   a   b 
if E x = −36 cos(40πx )sin(100πy )sin(2.4π × 1010 t − 52.9πz )
mπ nπ
= 40π → m = 2, = 100π → n = 3 → TE23
a b

b) Determine the relative permittivity of the material in the guide.

ω 2 µr εr  m π 2  n π 2
ω = 2.4π × 1010 rad s, β = 52.9π rad m, β = k 2 − h 2 = −  −
c  a   b 
,
c2  2  m π 2  n π 2 
εr = 2  β +   +    = 2.25
ω   a   b  

c) Determine the cut-of frequency.

 2π   3π 
2 2
1
( fc )23 =   +   = 10.77 GHz

2π µε  a  b 

d) Determine the expression for H y .

Ex η 377 1
Z TE = = = = 569.9 Ω
Hy 1 − ( f23 f )2
εr 1 − (10.77 12)2
2- Consider a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a = 1 3 cm and b = 1 4 cm at an operating
frequency of 80 GHz.
a) Write down expressions for all six magnetic field and electric field intensity components
for the TE z modes.

E x = C 1 cos kx x sin kyy e − j βz

Ey = C 2 sin kx x cos ky y e − j βz
H x = C 3 sin kx x cos kyy e − j βz
H y = C 4 cos kx x sin kyy e − j βz
H z = C 5 cos kx x cos kyy e − j βz
mπ nπ
kx = = 3m π rad cm , ky = = 4n π rad cm
a b
m, n = 0,1,2, 3,.......
m =n ≠0
ω 2π × 80 × 109
β = k 2 − kx2 − ky2 , k = = = 1676 rad m
c 3 × 108

b) Which TE z modes can propagate in the waveguide?

c  m 
2
 n 
2 3 × 1010 cm s
fc m,n =   +   → TE10 → fc m,n = = 45 GHz
2 a  b  2 × (1 3)cm

c  1   1
2 2
TE11 → fc m,n =   +   = 75 GHz

2 a  b 
TE 01 → fc m ,n = 60 GHz
TE 20 → fc m,n = 90 GHz

c) For the lowest order TE z mode that is below cutoff, how far from a source in the z
direction will the amplitude of the electric field have dropped by a factor of 1 e ?

TE 20 → fc m,n = 90 GHz

 m π   n π 
2 2
b = ± k −k 2 2
= ± k − k − k = ± k − 
2 2 2 2
−
c m ,n x y
 a   b 
= ± (16.75 rad cm)2 − (18.8 rad cm)2 = ± j 8.64 Np cm
1
E ∼ e − j βz = e −8.64z = e −1 ⇒ z = = 0.12 cm = 1.2 mm
8.64
9- Two rectangular waveguides are joined end-to-end. The waveguides have identical
dimensions, where a =2b. One guide is air-filled, the other is filled with a dielectric
characterized by εr . Determine the range of values of εr such that single-mode operation can
be simultaneously ensured in both guides at some frequency.
1- The cutoff frequency of the TE10 mode is 10 GHz, whereas the cutoff frequency of the
TE03 mode is 60 GHz. The waveguide is filled with glass dielectric of ε = 4ε0 .

a) Calculate the a and b dimensions and the cutoff frequency of the TE10 mode in air.

b) For an air filled waveguide of the same dimensions as calculated in part (a), calculate the
number of possible modes if the excitation frequency is 65 GHz.

Allowed modes TE10 TE 01 TE11 TE21 TE20 TE 30

fc ( in GHz) 20 40 44.7 56.57 40 60
7- TE11 modunda kayıpsız ici hava dolu bir dikdörtgensel dalga kılavuzunun boyutları
a = 7.214 cm ve b = 3.404 cm olsun. a) Kesim frekansını bulun. b) TE11 modu için f = 1.1 fc
frekansındaki kılavuzlanan dalganın boyu nedir? c) operasyon frekansı 9 GHz ise dalga
kılavuzunda hangi modlar bulunur?

6- For the TE11 mode of an air-filled rectangular waveguide, a = 7.214 cm, and b = 3.404 cm:
a) Calculate the cut-of frequency. b) calculate the guide wavelength if f = 1.1 f c (TE11 ) .
c) Find the propagating (allowed) modes if the operating frequency is 9 GHz.

c
a) fc = (π 0.07214)2 + (π 0.03404)2 = 4.8725 GHz
2π
2π
b) λg = = 0.1343 m
(1.1 ωc c )2 − (m π 0.07214)2 − (n π 0.03404)2
c)
All other modes are above 9.0 GHz.
Allowed modes TE10 TE 01 TE11 TM 11 TE21 TM 21 TE 20 TE 02 TE 30 TE 31 TM 31 TE 40
fc ( in GHz) 2.08 4.41 4.87 4.87 6.06 6.06 4.16 8.81 6.23 7.64 7.64 8.32
8- A rectangular waveguide is filled with polyethylene ( ε = 2.5ε 0 ) and operates at 24 GHz. If
the cutoff frequency of a certain TE mode is 16 GHz, find the group velocity and the intrinsic
impedance of the mode.

c 3 × 108
ug = u ′ 1 − ( f fc )2 = 1 − ( f fc ) =
2
1 − (16 24)2 = 1.491 × 108 m/s
εr 2.25
η′ η0 120π
ηTE = = = = 337.2 Ω
1 − ( fc f ) 2
εr 1 − ( fc f )
2
2.25 1 − (16 24)2

8- A lossless air-filled rectangular waveguide ( a = 7.214 cm, b = 3.404 cm) operates in the
TM 11 mode at f = 1.1 f c . Determine the cutoff frequency, operating frequency, propagation
constant, and the guide wavelength of this mode.

c
( )
2
fc 11 = 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 = 4.88 GHz, f = 1.1 fc (TE11 ) = 5.37 GHz, γ11 = jk 1 − fc 11 f = j 46.7 m -1
2

( ) , λ ′ = 2π k = 5.61 cm, λ
2
λg = λ ′ 1 − fc11 f g = 13.5 cm

5- Determine the resonant frequency of the dominant cavity mode for an air filled rectangular
waveguide cavity with dimensions a = 4 cm, b = 2 cm, and c = 7 cm.
2- In an air-filled rectangular waveguide with a = 2.286 cm and b = 1.016 cm, the y-
component of the TE mode is given by
 2π   3π 
Ey = sin  x  cos  y  sin(10π × 1010 t − βz ) V m
a  b 

a) Find the mode operation

m = 2 and n = 3

b) Find the propagation constant

c) Find Hx
3- A section of X-band waveguide with dimensions a = 2.286 and b = 1.106 cm has perfectly
conducting wall and is filled with a lossy dielectric (σd = 367.5 µS/m, εr = 2.1, µr = 1.) Find

a) the dominant mode

b) the attenuation factor at 5 GHz

c) the range of operating frequencies where only the dominant mode can exist
2- A rectangular waveguide with a=2.5cm and b=1cm is operating below 15.1GHz.

a) How many TE and TM modes can the waveguide support if the guide is filled with a
medium characterized by σ=0,ε=4εo, µ=µo?
1
The cutoff frequency for the mn mode is: f cmn = ( m a ) 2 + ( n b) 2
2 µε
A waveguide can propagate if fcmn<f

b) Calculate the cut-off frequency of each of these modes.

c) Calculate the phase constant, phase velocity and wave impedance for the TE10 and TM11
modes at the operating frequency of 15 GHz.

for the TE10

for the TM11

7- An air-filled rectangular waveguide has dimensions a = 2.25 cm and b =1 cm.

a) Find the frequency range for single-mode operation.

b) List all the modes that can propagate at 22 GHz.

c) Redesign the waveguide so that the transmitted power is maximized while the single-mode
frequency range is retained. Find the maximum power the newly designed waveguide can
transmit at 10 GHz. The breakdown in air occurs for fields stronger than 2 MV/m. Use a
safety factor of 10.
8- A rectangular waveguide filled with a dielectric characterized by εr = 2 is to be constructed
for single-mode operation at 3 GHz. The operating frequency is to be 20% higher than the
cutoff frequency for the lowest mode, while being 20% lower than the cutoff frequency for
the next higher mode. Calculate the guide dimensions, a and b.
1- For an air filled rectangular waveguide with inner dimension 0.9 inch by 0.4 inch cm the
excitation frequency is 9 GHz. Calculate k, kc , β, λg for TE10 mode. Re do it for the same
waveguide filled with dielectric of εr = 4 . (1 inch = 2.54 cm).

a = 0.9 × 2.54 × 10−2 , b = 0.4 × 2.54 × 10−2 , f = 9 × 109 GHz

 m π   n π 
2 2
1   3 × 108 1
fc =   +   = = 6.16GHz

2π µε  a   b  2 0.9 × 2.54 × 10−2
2π × 9 × 109
k = ω µε = = 188.5
3 × 108
π
kc = = 137.43
0.9 × 2.54 × 10−2
β = ω µε 1 − ( fc f )2 = 129.05
2π
λg = = 0.049 m
β
3 × 108
εr = 4 fc = = 3.28 GHz
2 × 0.9 × 2.54 × 10−2 × 2
2π × 9 × 109 × 2
k= = 376.99
3 × 108
kc = 137.43
2π × 9 × 109 × 2
β= 1 − (3.28 9)2 = 351.06
3 × 10 8

2π
λg = = 0.018 m
β
9- İçi hava dolu 6 GHz te çalışan TE modundaki dikdörtgen bir dalga kılavuzundaki elektrik
alan aşağıda verilmiştir. Bu dalga kılavuzunda hangi TE mod indisleri bulunmaktadır? Bu
moda ait kesim frekansını ve "wave impedans" değerini hesaplayın.
9- In a air filled rectangular waveguide, a TE mode operating at 6 GHz has

 2πx   πy 
Ey = 5 sin   cos   sin(ωt − 12z ) V/m .
 a   b 

a) Determine the mode of operation, cutoff frequency and the wave impedance.

2π f
m = 2, n = 1, TE 21, β = β ′ 1 − ( f fc )2 , β = ω µε = = 40π
c
fc = f 1 − (β β ′)2 = 6 1 − (12 40π)2 = 5.973 GHz
ηd 120π
ηTE = = = 3978 Ω
1 − ( fc f )2 1 − (5.973 6.000)2

b) Determine H x

   
Eys = −
j ωµ m π
H sin  m π x  cos  n π y e −γz
h2 a
0  a   b 
 m π  n π 
Eys = 5 sin  x  cos  y e −γz
 a   b 
 m π  n π   m π  n π 
x  cos  y e −γz = 1.267 sin  x  cos  y  sin(ωt − β z ) mA/m
j β mπ
H xs = 2 H 0 sin 
h a  a   b   a   b 
2- An air-filled rectangular waveguide is used for the transmission of a microwave signal of
frequency 4.5 GHz. The guide cross-sectional dimensions are 15 cm and 6 cm.

a) Calculate the number of propagating modes at the operating frequency.

b) If the fundamental mode is used for signal transmission, find its guide wavelength, phase
velocity and group velocity.

c) For the first non-propagating mode calculate its attenuation constant in dB/cm at the
operating frequency.
3- Design a rectangular air-filled wave guide for mono-mode transmission of the frequency
band 8.0 GHz – 12.0 GHz.

a) To include appropriate safety margins, the dimensions of the wave guide have to be
selected such that the lowest frequency of the band is 25% above the cutoff frequency of the
fundamental mode, and the highest frequency of the band is 25% lower than the cutoff
frequency of the next higher-order mode.

b) Assume next that the designed wave guide is filled with a dielectric characterized by
ε=2.56 ε0 and µ=µ0. Determine all the modes propagating in the wave guide and list the
corresponding cutoff frequencies.

c) The wave guide in (a) will be used for the propagation of a modulated narrow-band signal
of bandwidth 20 MHz. If the modulation frequency is the center frequency of the operating
band of the waveguide, calculate the time delay for the propagation of the signal over a
distance of 10 m.
3- The lowest three cut-off frequencies of a rectangular waveguide are TE10 (3 GHz) ,
TE 01 (4 GHz) , and TE 20 (6 GHz) .
a) How many modes may propagate at 5 GHz?

3 modes ( TE10 , TE 01 , and TE11 )

b) Now assume the waveguide is filled with a dielectric with εr = 9 . What are the cutoff
frequencies for the TE10 , TE 01 , and TE 20 modes?

c) Assume for this part that the width in the x-direction is 2 m and the height in the y-
direction is 1 m. write all the field components for the TE 34 modes in terms of the constants
E 0x , E 0y , E 0z , H 0x , H 0x , H 0x and kz be sure to indicate any fields which are zero.
5- An air-dielectric L-band rectangular waveguide has a/b =2 and a dominant-mode cutoff
frequency of 0.908 GHz. If the measured wavelength is 40 cm, find the operating frequency,
guide dimensions and the phase constant.

   
2 2
1
 m  +  n  = c → a = c = 3 × 108
TE10 → fc =    = 16.52 cm
2 µε  a   b  2a 2 fc (2)(0.908 × 109 )
 f 2 − f 2  c2 c2
→ λ 2 
λ c 
λg =  = λ 2
= ⇒ f 2
= f 2
+
 f 
2 c
1 − ( fc f )2 f2 λ2

c2 (3 × 108 )2
∴f = fc2 + = (0.908 × 10 9 2
) + = 1.178 GHz
λ2 (0.40)2

m  n 
2 2

β = k −   −   =

2

 a   b 
2π fc
β = kc 1 − ( fc f )2 = 1 − ( fc f )2 = 15.72 rad m
c
8- An X-band, air filled, rectangular waveguide having the interior dimensions a=2.286 cm
and b=1.016 cm carries the dominant TE10 mode at 10 GHz. Find:

a) the cutoff frequency

b) the propagation constant
c) the guide wavelength
d) the phase velocity
e) the group velocity
f) the wave impedance for this mode
5-The x-component of the magnetic field intensity associated with a TM mode is given by

a) Determine the operating waveguide mode.

b) If a = 2.3 cm and b = 1.2 cm, calculate the cutoff frequency of this mode assuming an air-
filled waveguide.
c) Calculate ω so that the operating frequency is 25 percent higher than the cutoff frequency.
d) Calculate the propagation constant at the frequency in part c.
Circular-Coaxial Waveguide
1- Bakırdan yapılan içi hava dolu dairesel kesitli bir dalga kılavuzunun yarıçapı a =1.5 cm
olup TM11 modunda çalışmaktadır. Kılavuz içindeki dalga boyu 4.366 cm olarak
ölçülmüştür. Çalışma frekansını ve propagasyon sabiti γ'yı hesaplayın.
1- An air-filled circular waveguide, made of copper, has a =1.5 cm and is operated in the
TM11 mode. The guide wavelength was measured and found to be 4.366 cm. Find the
frequency of operation and the propagation constant γ. k’th zeros of the n’th order Bessel
functions are given below.

k J 0 (x ) J 1(x ) J 2 (x ) J 3 (x ) J 4 (x )
1 2.4048 3.8317 5.1356 6.3802 7.5883
2 5.5201 7.0156 8.4172 9.7610 11.0647
3 8.6537 10.1735 11.6198 13.0152 14.3725
4 11.7915 13.3237 14.7960 16.2235 17.6160
5 14.9309 16.4706 17.9598 19.4094 20.8269

p11u(3.832)(3 × 108 ) 2π
( fc )TM = = = 12.1976 GHz, β = = 143.912 rad m
11
2πa 2πa λg
1. β = k 1 − ( fc f )2 ⇒ (143.912)2 = ω 2 µ0 ε0 1 − ( fc f )2  ⇒ f = 14 GHz
 
2. β 2 = k 2 − kc2 ⇒ (143.912)2 = ω 2 µ0 ε0 − (p11 a )2 ⇒ f = 14 GHz
πf µ kRs
σ = 5.8 × 107 S m ⇒ Rs = , γ =α + j β, α = αc = = 0.0111 Np m
σ βηa
⇒ γ = 0.0111 + j 143.912
2- Consider a 50 ohm polyethylene ( ε = 2.25ε0 , µ = µ0 ) filled coaxial cable. The outer
conductor has a diameter of 2.8 mm. Find the frequency range in which only TEM wave
propagates.
3- Consider a polyethylene ( ε = 2.25ε0 , µ = µ0 ) filled circular waveguide with a diameter of
2.8 mm. Find the frequency range in which only TE11 wave propagates.