Secularization is the transformation of a society from
close identification and affiliation with religious values
and institutions toward nonreligious values and
secular institutions.
Secularization refers to the historical process in which
religion loses social and cultural significance
In secularized societies faith lacks cultural authority,
and religious organizations have little social power.
The protestant movement led by Martin
Luther eroded the power of the Roman
Catholic Church and it challenged the
infallibility of the Pope
There was an enlightenment that was largely a cultural
movement, emphasizing rationalism as well as
political and economic theories
Rationalization means that social life is more and
more subjected to calculation and prediction, it is also
the replacement of traditions, values and emotions as
motivators for behavior in society.
Another element of rationalization is the separation
between different social spheres, especially between
the Church and the universities.
Church society rely on religious traditions and the
Bible to explain everything, compare to universal
society which more rely on regularities established by
modern science.
Secular subjects or subjects dealing with natural world
proliferated in the universities.
universities were greatly favored by many as it teaches
students efficiently and produces efficient and
competent workers that has given us a lot of benefits.