Erika Jeanne L.

Catulay
BSA 101

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
 STATION 1: TASK 1: GUIDE QUESTIONS
INSTRUCTION: Individually answer the following questions.
1. What is the main distinction between primary source and secondary source?
The main distinction between primary source and secondary source is that, primary source refers
to the materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event, while the
secondary sources serves as an interpretations or readings of primary sources.
 
2. Why is primary source important in the study of history?
Primary source is extremely important in the study of history because it holds the absolute detail
of a particular historical event.
 
3. What is the purpose of a secondary source?
The purpose of secondary source is to interpret the information or detail from the primary source.
And so, the secondary source can now publicize the information in any form of published
works such as journals, articles , books and etc.
 
4. At present, how do you discriminate between contradicting reports of single event from
different sources.
Misinformation or fake news is extremely rampant today especially in social media platforms.
Some social media applications became a main source of fake news which makes us
misinformed and believed in prejudice information being circulated. Spreading
misinformation or fake news deemed to be dangerous as it is claimoring to be the truth
but unparalleled with the truth causing an indeterminate repercussions to everyone. Thus,
we need to be discreete in every article of information we read and spread because
credibility of information matters to everyone. Therefore, in order to have a right
information we read, we need to delve the source of that information and check every
detail if it is credible and compare to the other trusted sources to see the rationality of the
information.
 
 
 
5. Why should records of the government be made accessible to the public?
The accessibility of information in any governmental records is part of the freedom of
information, as it is stated in the 1987 constitution. Therefore, people/public had a right
to access any governmental records in order to be informed in any transactions of the
government.

TASK 2: IDENTIFICATION
INSTRUCTION: Write PS if the item is a primary source, SS if it is a secondary sources and N
if it is neither of the two sources.
 
1. Memoirs
2.Annual Reports
3. Philippine History Text Books
4. News Paper Clippings
5. Online Journal
6. Artifact  and Relicts
7. Documentary Reports
8. Photo Exhibit
9. Editorial Cartoons
10. Paintings
 
Answer
1. PS
2. PS
3. SS
4. SS
5. SS
6. PS
7. SS
8. PS
9. SS
10. PS

TASK 3: CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCE

 PRIMARY
SOURCE
PRIMARY SOURCE

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

PRIMARY SOURCE

Out of 5 responses to the question whether President Rodrigo Duterte is an elite president or
populist president, three (3) of them are primary and two (2) are secondary sources. So what
makes the three response primary source? Based on the given definition of the primary source, it
is a materials produced by people and groups directly involved in the event or topic being
studied. These people are either participants or eyewitness to the event. It may involved
you’re experiences and point of views. In this case we identified the 3 responses as primary
source because their response is based on their experiences (as eyewitness). “YOUR OPINION
IS BASED ON YOUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVE (POV)”. And that’s
what makes 3 responses as primary source. On the other hand the two responses is a secondary
source, the reason why this two become a secondary source it’s because they already used other
platforms to prove their opinions. If you analyze their responses it seems like the primary and
secondary source are put together as a whole. When we read it, the first sentence as we observed,
they express their point of view about the President, but when we go beyond or read the holon
(whole) text, their opinion has been already backup by evidences and references from different
platforms to prove the popularity of PRRD. Our opinion supported by other sources such as
references in any platform considered as secondary source.
                     A response can be classified as primary source and secondary source depends on
the questions given, like for example when you ask the question “Do you think President Duterte
is an elite or populist artist? Why did you say so? Do you have any evidences to prove your
answer? This kind of inquiries would result to a response to become a secondary source because
of the follow up question which indeed needs evidences and other information from other
sources to prove your answer. Classifying the sources of an information needs a delve reading in
order to avoid declassification.

PROCESSING
Instruction: Answer the question: What have you learned from different communicative
task? Fill in your answer in the box provided below.  A
1 I learned that the two sources hold an absolutely important rule as they typify to an
actual detail of a particular event. A single incorrect detail can blur out the actual event,
misinformation and fake news will circulate as a result.
2 In conducting a research it is important to identify the available information whether it
is primary or secondary source, this will help us to determine how reliable this sources
are.
3 Classifying the sources of information whether it’s a primary or secondary source is not
that easy, it really needs a delve reading before identifying its source, because there is
somehow some information that we can actually identified it as primary source but
actually it’s a secondary because of the evidences like references being presented in the
text.

FORMATION
Instruction: Write down the specific lesson you learn from the readings and activities. How
this lesson help you internalize and reflect to understand the relevance of the topic to your
personal life?
              *credibility and reliability of the information       *transparency *accuracy
      It is undeniable that misinformation and fake news are extremely rampant today, especially
in social media platforms. As what I said before, it’s claimoring to be the truth but unparalleled
with the truth, causing an indeterminate repercussions to everyone. We need to be careful
(discreete) on what we read and pervade, because we don’t know the fercocity of consequences it
made. In every single detail of an information, credibility, reliability and transparency matters to
everyone. Therefore, in order to had an appropriate information, we need to delve the source of
an article and compare the rationality of information to the other sources to check its credibility
and reliability.

SYNTHESIS
Instructions: Summarize your understanding of the topic by using a concept map. Draw your
map below.

ASSESSMENT: EVALUATING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES

INSTRUCTION: Choose among the following historical events.
*Marcos’ Declaration of Martial Law
               Mainstream Media – Primary Source
                        Martial law was declared by President Ferdinand Marcos in accordance to the
1935 Constitution, Art. III, Sec. 1, no.14. “The privilege of the writ habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in case of invasion, insurrection, or rebellion, when the public safety requires
it, in any of which events the same may be suspended wherever during such period the necessity
for such suspension shall exist”. He believed that there is an invasion and rebellion happened in
the country, caused by different emerging group like CPP-NPA-NDF. The martial law was not
declared by Pres. Marcos in his own, “I did not proclaim Martial Law alone, it is made to
appearance...if I...ahhh...I...just signed the decree and said, I imposed Martial Law to each and
everyone of you. No! I ask the legislature to please pass the law proclaiming martial law because
there was anarchy in the country. Thought let me say this that the opposition so strong”. The
declaration of martial law prevented the anarchy and it makes our country peaceful and safe.
                        Due to the prejudices reporting of mainstream media and black propaganda of the
oppositions they tried to challenge the government to oust PFEM in Malacańan. The bombing in
Plaza Miranda that killed more than a hundred lives was blamed to Pres. Marcos. But in fact it
was a well planned propaganda of the opposition to make him inferior in the eyes of the people.
The mainstream media and the leftist opposition drive the Filipino people into rebellion to oust
Marcos because of their belief and bias reporting that the bombing and other crimes was because
of Pres. Ferdinand. All accusation of the opposition was denied by PFEM, that he was behind the
bombing and ordering his personnel to shoot people dead. The media continues circulating
propagandas and fake news about Pres. Marcos, the fact that he is hard to be ousted and remains
to be people’s choice when he won in snap election. And because of the interest of the opposition
to control the government, EDSA People Power was born, led by Corazon Aquino, thousands of
people in one voice calling for the resignation of President Marcos.
                      From Tiger of Asia to one of the poorest country in the world, our country has
suffered enormously. When Pres. Marcos said before his resignation “20 years from
now...Bagsak na ang Pilipinas”, and that’s what really happened. EDSA People Power is the
greatest mistakes that happened in the Philippine History. We can no longer get back our past,
--past that seems to be the golden era of our country.

“LET US LEARNED FROM OUR MISTAKES IN THE PAST...DON’T BE FOOLED IN ANY

PROPAGANDA OF THE LEFTIST”  
B. COMPARARTIVE ANALYSIS  
INSTRUCTION: Read the excerpts below then do a comparative analysis.
The following readings discuss the findings on the remains of what was the considered the
earliest known human remains in the Philippines-Tabon Man.
· ROBERT FOX. THE TABON CAVES: ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND
EXCAVATIONS ON PALAWAN ISLAND, PHILIPPINES (MANILA, 1970) P.40.
• WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT. PRE-HISPANIC SOURCE MATERIALS FOR THE
STUDY OF PHILIPPINES HISTORY (REVISED EDITION) (QUEZON CITY, 1984),
PP.14-15.

15.
 
GUIDE QUESTIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
1. Which is the primary source and the secondary source between the two reading?
 
The primary source is the excerpt of ROBERT FOX. THE TABON CAVES:
ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS ON PALAWAN
ISLAND, PHILIPPINES (MANILA, 1970) P.40, while the excerpt of WILLIAM
HENRY SCOTT. PRE-HISPANIC SOURCE MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF
PHILIPPINES HISTORY (REVISED EDITION) (QUEZON CITY, 1984), PP.14-15
considered to be the secondary source
 
2. Do a credibility analysis of the sources. Who between the two authors is more credible
to talk about the topic?
The most credible excerpt about the topic was the work of Robert Fox, because if we analyse
every single detail of his work we can actually examined that the excerpt begins on how
the archaeological explorations was made and how does it begun. And also what makes
the excerpt become primary source is that the author itself is an anthropologist and
historian who led the archaeological research in Palawan. In their excavation, Fox
summarizes everything what they have discovered from initial to final findings of
evidences before declaring the authenticity and credibility of the existence of Tabon Man.
In the article of Robert Fox say, that only further excavation and chemical analysis of
human and animal bones from disturbed and undisturbed level in the cave will define the
exact age of the human fossils. Therefore they rely on their further study to prove the
coexistence of the Tabon Man.
 
 
 
REFLECTION GUIDE
 
1. What I have learned this week that has helped me do all aspect of this better?
I learned the important rule of primary source and secondary source in our day-to-day living
especially in getting precise information that we need in order be informed on daily
happenings in the world.
2. What I have done this week that has made me better at doing all aspects of this?
Reading News articles in social media platforms is the thing that I’ve done this week. Reading a
news article in social media helps me more informative and knowledgeable about what
happened in our country, what problems that our country had faced on, and etc. But
reading an article we must always check the authenticity, integrity, authorship and most
of all the credibility of information in order to avoid misinformation and fake news. Fake
news is extremely rampant today therefore we need to be discreete on what we read and
spread.
3. How can I improve at doing all aspects of this is?
By watching and reading a news article in any platforms helps me improve my critical thinking
especially we often use analytical analyses to check the credibility and authenticity of the
information we read.
ASSIGNMENT

SECONDARY SOURCE
PRIMARY SOURCE
 FIRST RECORD
OF THE BIBLE      

 
MODULE 1: LESSON 2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
INDIVIDUAL TASK: ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES
Instruction: Read the full transcript of the undelivered arrival of speech of Senator
Benigno S. Aquino Jr. and answer the following question.
I. FIRST IMPRESSION
 
A. What are your first impressions about the undelivered

I. FIRST IMPRESSION
 
A. What are your first impressions about the undelivered speech?
My first impression about the undelivered speech are it is dignified and
eye-opener.
 
B. What kind of document is it (letter, news paper, etc.)?
It’s a manuscript speech. This is because it was carefully written and
expected to be delivered formally by a political figure on
a public.
 
 
II. MAKING MORE CLOSELY
 
A. Make a list of unusual or unfamiliar words or phrases you
encountered while reading the speech.
 
Surmounted                                  writ of habeas corpus
Asylum                                          
Leniency
 
B. Is there a specific date on the speech? If so, when is it? If there is
none, are there clues that might indicate when it was
written?
There was no specific date when late Senator Aquino wrote this speech,
but there is a clue that suggested when might this
document was written. He arrived on August 21, 1983,
which can be a clue when he wrote it.
 
C. Is there an indicated location? Where is it?
He started that he returned from the United States of America for a heart bypass surgery;
therefore he must be in the Philippines at this time.
 
D. Who authored the document? Why did you say so?
The document was authored by late Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. because he wrote it by
manifesting his experiences and most of all his point of view in our nation.
E. To whom was written document addressed? How did you know?
In my speculation, the speech was addressed to Filipino people and the government. The author
is expressing how the blood-letting regime (Martial Law) must be stopped and
that there were increasing economic, social and political problems in the country
because the rights and freedom enjoyed before September 21, 1972 were
removed. He also says that “There can be no deal with a dictator. No compromise
with dictatorship.”
F. What is the purpose of the document? What made you think so?
The author wishes to restore justice, rights and freedom in this nation through nonviolent means.
He laments how much blood-letting is causing a lot of problems in the country
especially in the welfare of the Filipino people.
 III. THINKING FURTHER
 
A. What do you think is the most important information that the author of the document
was conveying? Why?
May be the most crucial information that the author was conveying is the fight of freedom and
rights of every Filipino and the stop of economic, political and so called
subversion.
 
B. Does the document convey a certain tone? What is it?
Yes, it conveys a specific tone, it is serious
 
C. What does it imply?
The author hoped and prayed that the rights and freedoms of our people would soon be restored,
that the living conditions would improve and that blood-letting would stop.
 
D. What is the point of view of the author? Is it objective?
According to Julie Eshbaugh, in her article, an objective point of view involves no emotions and
thoughts of the passage. Thus, the speech of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. includes
his feelings and ideas. The point of view of the author is, therefore, not objective
but rather subjective.
E. What is the relationship between the writer and the audience? Explain.
The relationship between the writer and the audience is professional. It seems that there is a
serious unresolved matter between them.
 
IV. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
· Integrate your background knowledge of the context of the speech with the content of
the speech. What conclusions can you draw about the historical period when the speech
was written.
The speech seems to be the act of defiance of Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. against the
dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos. During their time, in conclusion
there must be violence and economic, political, and social conflict happened
amongst the Filipino people and the country Philippines, which convict to
Senator Aquino to go against the President.

PROCESSING
 INSTRUCTION: Answer the question: What have you learned from different
communicative task? Fill your answers in the box provided.
1 I learned that late Senator Benigno Aquino has an undelivered speech. Upon reading the
whole context of the speech, Senator Aquino shows his love in the country and the
people who suffered from the dictatorship of President Marcos.
2 This actively demonstrates that the country suffered from dictatorship under the
administration of Pres. Marcos. Where different problems are escalating causing chaos
to Filipino people.
3 To sum up everything that’s been stated so far, Senator Aquino demonstrates his
patriotism to our country and the people, fighting dictatorship to rebuild democracy
where people are free from violence, political, and social conflict.

 
FORMATION
       INSTRUCTION: Write down the specific lessons you learn from the readings and
activities. How this lesson help you internalize and reflect to understand the relevance of
the topic to your personal life?
                I learned that it is important to exercise our rights as a citizen, most especially when
we feel that the government used his power beyond its limitations. Just bear in mind that,
equilibrium maintenance is very important as it typify as the foundation of democracy.
SYNTHESIS
       INSTRUCTION: Summarize your understanding of the topic by using a concept map.
Draw your concept map below.
         MARTIAL
LAW
  Pres. Ferdinand Marcos

  EDSA People Power

Dictatorship The fall down of Marcos era

· Full control of power                       Violence

· Strict law enforcement · Torture

· Full military control of the · Mass Protest

country · Rape
· Corruption · Hacienda Luisita Massacre
· Curtailing of press freedom

ASSESSMENT: DEEPENING ACTIVITY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: PRIMARY

VS. SECONDARY SOURCES.
    INSTRUCTION: Read the following materials and fill in the table with the necessary
information.
          READINGS:
· Alvarez, S. (1992). The katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a general (pp.82-88).
Quezon City, Philippines; Ateneo de Manila University Press
· Agoncillo, T. (2002). The Revolt of the Masses; The story of Bonifacio and the
Katipunan (pp.201-217). Quezon City, Philippines; University of the Philippines Press.
CATEGORY ALVAREZ AGONCILLO
Brief description of the author
Type of source (primary and secondary)
Main point raised by the article
He was a revolutionary
general and a founder
and honorary president
of the first directorate of
the Nacionalista Party.
Also known as Kidlat ng
Apoy (Lightning of Fire;
Fier Lightning)because
of his inflamed bravery
and dedication as
commander of Cavite’s
famous battles
(particularly that in
Dalahican), he was
celebratedin present-day
Cavite City as the hero
of the Battle of
Dalahican.
Primary source
The revolution against
Spain was sparked in
1986 after Spanish
authorities discovered
the “katipunan” a
Filipino revolutionary
society plotting against
their colonisers. It ended
in 1902, where Spain
lost and ceded
sovereignty of the
Philippines to the United
States.
Eminent historian, poet,
short story writer, editor
and professor, Teodoro
A. Agoncillo was born
in Lemery Batangas, on
November 9 1912. He
earned his Bachelor in
Philosophy degree in
1934 and Master of Arts
in 1939 at the University
of the Philippines. He
was conferred the degree
of Doctor of letters,
“Honoris Cuasa” by the
Central Philippines
University in 1969......
Secondary source
Andres Bonifacio, the
first leader of the
katipunan and the
Philippine Revolution
against Spain, the first
anti-colonial revolution
in Asia. He was born on
November 30,1863 in
Manila and died in
Cavite on May 10, 1897.
 Texts from the article which support the The accounts of the A Filipino revolutionary
main points raised katipunan and hero, founded the
revolutionary was katipunan, a secret
reverberated with shouts society which
of “Long live our spearheaded the uprising
patriots!” and “Death to against the Spanish and
the enemy!” This were laid the groundwork for
the answer to the the first Philippine
enemy’s assaults with Republic.
mausers and cannon, the
latter fired from both
land and sea.

Relevance to Filipino and American historians have Andres Bonifacio was a

Philippine History recreated the Philippine Revolution to suit great hero. That is
the political needs of succeeding generations, undeniable. But if you
disregarding aspects that now emerge so look at the Philippines of
clearly in Alvarez’s account-an embittered today where there is so
factionalism, strong undercurrents of much war and violence,
messianism and animism and a violent a revolutionary leader
machismo. To give their new nation Western who used violence to
style heroes and heroism, postwar Filipino achieved freedom does
Historians often stripped these events of their not seem to give
authenticity. Alvarez gives us back these inspiration. We all want
elements without denigrating the dignity or freedom but there is just
glory of the revolution. “In the interest of too much violence in the
noble truth” he wrote of the successes as well world already. Freedom
as failures, bravery as well as brutality, and justice should be
providing the new raw material for recreating fought for using
this aspect of the Filipino past. peaceful means. But
despite all of this, I still
believed that this
courage in fighting the
Spanish colonialism
should always be
remembered.

 
REFLECTION GUIDE
· What I have learned this week that has helped me do all aspect of this better?
I learned how important history in telling us about our past and how our heroes shaping our
countries in a very different ways that we could not just imagined in a greatly simple
means.  
· What I have done this week that has made me better in doing all aspects of this?
I’ve been reading some history books. Most of them help me to think deeply to understand the
full history of our country. Some of the books were actually a secondary source but I still
consider them as one of my source in getting information about history. I actually didn’t
fully rely on the secondary source cause I believed, relying on the secondary source can
blur out the actual event.
· How can I improve at doing all aspect of this is?
Reading of books can help us to boost our critical thinking. It also helps us to be wise in decision
making. Thus, this will also helps us to classify the authenticity of information in order to
avoid in getting misinformation or fake news that are extremely rampant today.  
 
ASSIGNMENT
     INSTRUCTION: Read the referenced reading and accomplish the reading report.
            READINGS:
                      Cabrera, V. (2017, May 29). Fake News also hounded 1896 Philippine
revolutionary. Philippine revolution. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from:
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/900457/fake-news-also-hounded-1986-philippine-revolution.
 
· The three things I significantly learned from the readings are...
* Fake news is inevitable
*Authenticity of information really matters.
*Manipulation of information has unprecedented repercussions.
· The three things that are still unclear to me are...
*The US positions during the Spanish colonization
*The betrayal of US to the Philippines
* The manipulation of US to the Filipino people and Spanish colonizer
· The three questions that I want to ask about the readings are...
*How does betrayal and fake news led the katipuneros to achieve independence from colonisers?
*What does really happen during Spanish colonization?
*What is the rule of US in our independence during the Spanish colonization?
 
MODULE 2
LESSON 1: CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
    LEARNING ACTIVITIES
            TASK 1: DIAGNOSTIC. Instruction: Based on your assumptions, describe the
community tagalogs prior to the arrival of the Spaniards and Christianization of Filipinos
in terms of the following:
1. Religious Practices – Filipinos have already their own religious practices from their
ancestors, but during the Spaniard colonization almost everything had changed, their influence is
powerful enough to change the day-to-day living and religious practices of the Filipino people.
To sum up everything that’s been stated so far, during the Spaniard colonization Christianity was
born and almost everything was changed.
2. Concept of marriage and family – Even when Filipinos was not yet colonize by the
Spaniards and other colonisers, they already practiced and valued the importance of marriage and
family. During the Spaniard colonization the values that the Filipinos has in marriage and family
had become conservatives and protective as they believed that it is a centroidal in the Christian
faith.
3. Community Mores, Values and Belief – As I stated before, we Filipinos have already our
own mores, values and belief, but everything has change during the Spaniards colonization in our
country for over 333 years. Let says, the influence of the Spaniards was too strong to mayhem
with our own belief, so instead of resisting to them our ancestry adapt on what the Spaniards had.
Some of our mores, values and belief had been mixed with Spanish dogma and some has been
already forgotten.
4. Community Laws and Political System – Before the Spaniards colonization our country
has been ruled by “Sultan” and “Datu” in different parts of our country, most specifically in
Visayas and Mindanao. Our country has a monarchy type of political system before the
colonization, it’s a quite different type of monarchy than what Thailand and United Kingdom
had. During and after the colonization of the Spaniards our political system have changed into
bureaucracy. Democracy became the foundation of our political system.
5. Economic System –Trade in the Philippines centered around the “Manila Galleon” which
sailed from Acapulco on the west coast of Mexico (New Spain) with shipment of silver bullion
and minted coin that were exchanged for return cargoes of Chinese goods, mainly silk textile and
porcelain. There was no direct trade with Spain and little exploitation of indigenous natural
resources. Most investment was in the galleon trade. But, as this trade thrived, another
unwelcome element was introduced-sojourning Chinese entrepreneurs and service providers.
6. Socialization Practice – When the Spaniards came and settled in the country, the fashion has
changed drastically as the Spanish culture influenced the succeeding centuries of the Philippine
History. The Spanish dissolved the kingdoms and untied the country, resulting in a mixture of
cultures from different ethnic groups and Spanish culture. Throughout the 16th century up to the
18th century, women wore a hispanicized version of Baro’t saya, composed of a bodiced-called a
camisa, often made in pineapple fiber or muslin-and a floor length skirt, while the men wore the
Barong Tagalog, a collared and buttoned lace shirt or a suit.
 
TASK 2: IT’S TIME TO KNOW THEM BETTER
 
 
TASK 3: APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN
    INSTRUCTION: Search for the fourteen (14) points presented in the kartilya ng
katipunan. Select two from them and explain their significance in maintaining a
peaceful and orderly community.
     “Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field”
We don’t have the same strengths but we can help one another. We must choose to fight for
what is right-Fight with the weak people who needs your help and comfort and fight
those people who keep on putting others down by oppressing them.
      “The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets”
This highlights the importance of TRUST and CONFIDENTIALITY. A wise man is a man
who thinks of what he says and keeps what is needed to be kept.
 
 
 TASK 4: DIAGNOSTICS:
         Instruction: Juan Luna showcased his artistic skills to illustrate the situation of the
Philippines under the Spanish colonial administration. Imagine that you are tasked to
describe the Philippine Nation to the foreigner who does not have any idea about the
Philippines through a visual work. Draw or sketch a representation of the Philippine
nation according to your own understanding of its present condition.  
 

            
 
TASK 5: DIAGNOSTIC
      Instruction: After watching the videos listed below, who do you think should be
considered as the President of the Philippines? Write your claims and provide your
evidences to support your stand.
(This video is no longer available due to copyright claim by Film Development Council of
the Philippines (FDCP)).
                    
 
TASK 6: DIAGNOSTICS
     Instruction: The Philippine flag that was unfurled during the proclamation of
Philippine Independence was designed to symbolize the nationalism and patriotism of
the Filipinos who fought for the country’s independence. Considering the present
condition of the Philippines where new threats to democracy, sovereignty, human
rights, and civil liberties have emerged, sketch your own version of the Philippine flag.
Explain the symbolism you used.
 
LEGENDS
13 STARS – Represent to the 13 region
3 STARS (Middle) – Represent to the three major islands, LUZON, VISAYAS,
MINDANAO
COLOR: WHITE – Represent to LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND JUSTICE
COLOR: RED – Represent to COURAGE AND PATRIOTISM
COLOR: BLUE – Represent to PEACE AND FREEDOM
8 RAYS OF THE SUN – Represent the 8 regions that started revolting against Spain such
as MANILA, BULACAN, CAVITE, PAMPANGA, MORONG (MODERN-DAY
PROVINCE OF RIZAL), LAGUNA, BATANGAS, AND NUEVA ECIJA
PALM LEAVES – Represent to UNITY, PEOPLE’S DEMOCRACY AND
SOVEREIGNTY
TASK 7: DIAGNOSTIC
          Instruction: Analyze the political caricature below, what message is it trying to
convey? Write your answer below.
The message that the caricature are trying to convey is that, America or American people is not
afraid to Filipino people even though treats and war are arises between the two country. Thus,
this represents that we are still in the American influence and they are still in the authority to
control and interfere in our internal affair nor even our country as a whole.
TASK 8: DIAGNOSTIC
        Instruction: In the form of manifesto, list down all your grievance/s against the
government, either with the current administration or any members of the government
(executive, legislative or judiciary).
 
JUDICIARY (SUPREME COURT) PASS ANTI-TERRORISM LAW: END TERRORISM
NOW
         The Supreme Court must pass the anti-terrorism law, this bill is important to fight
and end terrorism in our country. Terrorism is inevitable, it can happen anywhere and
anytime. The recruitment of the CPP NPA NDF is continuous, majority of the new
recruited member is student. Don’t let the students become terrorists. Supreme Court must
act now to end terrorism.
  
 TASK 9: YHE TALE OF THE TAPE
           Instruction:
1. Interview at least two (2) individuals who can be considered as primary sources on the
positive contributions of President Cory Aquino to the Philippines of the positive things
that happened during her presidency. Provide the given testimonials and the names of the
accounts witnesses.
 
A. For me the positive contributions of late President Corazon Aquino is when she led the
EDSA People Power that results to the downfall of the dictatorship of
President Ferdinand Marcos.
- Kian
B. Restoring democracy in our country.
- John Patrict
2. Interview at least two (2) individuals who can’t be considered as primary sources on the
negative things that look during her presidency. Provide the given
testimonials and the names of the accounts witnesses.
 
A. Based on my research and little knowledge in the history during the Aquino era is that,
President Cory Aquino misleads all the terrorist leaders in the country,
one them are the well known founder of the CPP-NPA-NDF, Mr. Jose
Maria Sison. Pre. Aquino is an incompetent and not a brainer leader, a
leader who knows nothing in politics but just a simple house wife with a
great talent in playing mah-jong in the Malacańan.
- Francis Kyle William
B. Pres. Aquino is a woman who assumed to be a great leader. She is the leader who
refuses all projects of Pre. Marcos because of being dictator, she believed
that if she will continue all the projects of Marcos people remember his
dictatorship in the country. The EDSA People Power of Cory Aquino is
the biggest lies that happened in the Philippine history. It contributed
nothing but a downfall of our country for over 30 years.
- Dale
3. Between the two sides interviewed, which do you think is more reliable? Why?
For me both of them are reliable, but there is one who actually speaks louder to the truth
about the Aquino’s era. After the EDSA People Power, Mrs. Corazon C.
Aquino, wife of the assassinated former Senator Benigno Aquino was
enthroned as the President of the Republic of the Philippines after a
successful coup d’ etat to President Marcos.
 
A months after her oath of office, Pre. Aquino misleads all the terrorist leaders in the
country, she also make a move to stop all the projects of Pres. Marcos to
be build, one of the most controversial is the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
and many others. She also gave all the government properties to her
relatives and oligarchs in this country (PETRON, MERALCO, MANILA
WATER, ABS-CBN, ETC.). Instead of building more infrastructures,
during her administration she only takes advantages to build more
statues of her husband and herself in order to be remembered by the
Filipinos about her victory in ousting Pres. Marcos in Malacańan. She
also renamed some of the government property after her husband, like
Manila International Airport to Ninoy Aquino International Airport, this
is a shameful action that Cory Aquino did.
 
Even her Vice President, Mr. Salvador Roman Laurel also known as Doy Laurel was
concerned about the actions taken by Pres. Aquino. In the interview Mr.
Laurel believed that Mrs. Aquino can do nothing in the government since
she had no experience in politics. He also point out that corruption is
extremely worst during their administrations and Pre. Cory gave way to
the oligarchs to control the government.
 
From Tiger of Asia to one of the poorest country in the world, our country extremely
suffers from the Aquino’s administration. An incompetent leader that
brings to our country’s in a historic fall downs. It’s been 3 decades of
suffering and we remain can’t stand to the cause of the biggest lies in the
Philippine history, the EDSA People Power.
 
 MODULE 3: LESSON 1
           LESSON 1: CONTROVERSIES AND CONFLICTING VIEWS IN THE
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 
 LEARNING ACTIVITIES
1. TASK 1: INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY. COMPARE AND CONTRAST
A. Compare and contrast the conflicting accounts of the site of the first mass in the
Philippines using the template below.
 
 
Subjects being compared:        
THE FIRST CATHOLIC MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Reasons for comparison:
To know and understand how, where and when the first catholic mass
happened.

              
LIMASAWA
Point 1 Point 2
The country’s first catholic mass The Limasawa mass marked the birth
was officiated by Fr. Pedro of Roman Catholicism in the country,
Valderrama on March 31, 1521, which remains as the nation’s
upon the orders of Portugese dominant religion in the country up to
explorer Ferdinand Magellan. present.

 
Point 1
According to the Butuan City
Cultural and Historical
Foundation Inc. (BCHFI), it has
gathered 28 new pieces of
scientific evidence and
comparisons between the two
islands-Mazzaua and Limasawa-
to substantiate Butuan’s claim,
including the recovery of 10
Balanghai boats were
accidentally dug up near Masao
river in 1976. A shrine was built
for the ancient boats which were
used by natives i Butuan for sea
travel even before the Spaniards
came.
BUTUAN
Point 2
TWO PRIMARY SOURCE:
1. Log kept by Francisco Albo
2. Account of Antonio Pigafetta,
“Primo viaggio intorno al mondo”
(First Voyage around the world)
- In Albo’s account he didn’t mention
the first Mass, Pigafetta, on the
other hand, mention that the first
Mass was held in Mazaua on Easter
Sunday, March 31, 1521.
- Pigafetta is also seen as a credible
source because his work instantly
became a classic, that the
prominent in the west used his book
as reference in their interpretation
of the new world.
- The chronicle of Pigafetta was one of
the most cited documents by historians
who wished to study the pre-colonial
Philippines.

 
Similarities: They both claimed about the first Catholic Mass held in the
Philippines
Differences: Evidences
Butuan City has archaeological findings that could prove that the first mass
was held in Butuan. According to BCHFI there are 28 gathered new pieces
of scientific evidences and comparison between the two island (mazzaua and
limasawa) 10 recovery of Balanghai boat in 1976 near masao river and many
others. Thus, the Limasawa island didn’t contain any one of them as proof.

Conclusions: To sum up everything that’s been stated so far, the BCHFI

formulated and gathered data that prove the first mass dated and happened
on Easter Sunday March 21, 1521 at Masao, Butuan is clearly the site where
the first mass was held. It is because historian, archaeologist etc., were able
to find credible artifacts or visible evidences in Butuan which the Limasawa
island did not contain and not in Limasawa, Southern Leyte.
 
MODULE 4: LESSON 1
     TASK:
1. Activity. Proposal to the Philippine Constitution
a. Write your proposals if given the chance to contribute to craft the Philippine
Constitution.
i. Get a copy of the 1987 constitution
ii. Write on the right side the items you would changed, revised or replaced on a per item
basis.
iii. Write on the left side your proposal
iv. Provide the reason/s for your revision of the proposal
 
The 1987 Constitution Proposal
Economic Provision of the Constitution *Charter Change – Federalism Government
proposing amendments to articles XII, XIV *Economic Provision
and XVI.
Reason/s for the proposal
These essentially limit foreign investments in *Federal Government this type of
the Philippines in favour Filipinos in terms government allows to unite separates states
of ownership and management of natural or other polities within an overarching
resources, alienable lands, public utilities, political system in a way that allows each to
education institutions, mass media maintain its own integrity.
companies, and other industries. * Federalism can help to our multi-cultural
  system nation to progress.
The Bill proposes amendments to the so-
called “restrictive” economic provision in the
charter.
 
Foreign investment plays a crucial role in the
Philippine economy by supporting domestic
jobs and the creation of physical and
knowledge capital across range of industries.

 
 
 
 
 
ACTIVITY 2: Write an argumentative essay on this suggested topic.
                          Which among the types of taxes (national or local) do you think can be
reduced, removed, or revised to the benefit of both the government and the common
individual? Cite relevant sources such as previous research studies, taxation reform
programs and the like.
Tax is a burden to all investors and people who are in low income. But in a different
perspective taxes is a driving elements in our economy that brings us to become prosperous
nation. It foster economic growth and development governments need sustainable sources
of funding for social programs and public investment. Taxation not only pays for public
goods and services; it is the key ingredients in the social contact between citizens and the
economy.
Taxes can be reduced and revised with economic and tax policy but not to be removed. We
find that, while there is no doubt that tax policy can influence economic choices, it is by no
means obvious, on an ex ante basis, that tax rate cuts will ultimately lead to larger
economy.
(Sources: Tax Policy Centre &Effects of income tax changes on economic...-Brooking
Institution)
 
PROJECT:
                   Curate a photo gallery that of the historic sites and landmarks in your own
locality. Make sure to include brief description or historical background.
“THIS MEMORIAL WAS BUILT BY THE PEOPLE OF SURIGAO AND ITS CITY
GOVERNMENT TO IMMORTALIZE THE HEROISM OF THOSE WHO SERVED IN
THE BATTLE OF SURIGAO STRAIT DURING WORLD WAR II”.a