The construct of the scale will be “avoiding aggressive behavior”.

Aggression means the

feeling that causes a behavior which is highly likely to cause some physical, physiological or
psychological harm to somebody. Each item of this scale will be related to some ‘aggressive
behavior’. Avoidance generally means to step way from something or to not allow yourself to
do something. Here avoidance would be measured in terms of how the participants respond
to the aggression-related questions/items they will be asked to engaged with. This scale will,
hopefully, help to determine whether there are any variables/factors that may help people i.e.,
both the aggressor and the victim, deal with aggression in less-harmful ways. Unfortunately,
people generally, and people in Pakistan specifically, fall prey to aggressive and violent
behaviors on a daily basis. The women of Pakistan living in abusive marriages deserve
mention. According to the 2017-2018 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 28% of
women age 15-49 have experienced physical violence, which in my view is a gross under-
estimation. In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, women are the targets of aggressive
behaviors, the perpetrators of which are either their spouses or another male family member.
It would be a huge relief and help for these women if we were to identify some factors that
would stop these men from resorting to violence and aggression. Gender-based violence is a
crime (United Nations 2006). So, contributing to the efforts towards ending this crime would
already be an effort worth trying.
Buss and Perry’s The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) is a very popular and widely used scale
to measure aggression. The AQ is a 29-item instrument subdivided into 4 factors that assess
anger, hostility, verbal aggression, and physical aggression. It is 5-point Likert scale ranging
from 1 = extremely uncharacteristic of me to 5 = extremely characteristic of me. The total
score for aggression is the sum of factor scores. The Aggression Questionnaire scales were
found to have moderate to high reliability, both from internal consistency estimates and test-
retest correlations over a period of seven months. The scales also appear to have convergent
validity with other self-report measure of aggression. The Aggression Questionnaire has been
used in a variety of settings, studying different other dimension of aggression, furthering the
construct validity of this aggression scale.

The scale has been widely praised for its validity and reliability, there is an important factor the scale
has missed. There is no item in the scale which asks the participants what they would do if they were
to pay a personal price for their aggressive behavior. Including some items that would make the
participants think of the personal or social price they had to pay for their aggressive behavior would
have an influential impact on the total aggression score.

items May not may wont will Absolute will

Alpha ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎
Beta ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎
Gamma ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎
Delta ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎
Epsilon ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎ ∎