POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

By -:
a) Shivendra Pratap Singh ( team leader)
b) Anindya Sen
c) Raunak Khedia
CHAPTER 4
WATER
Water is very essential for life . we can
not live without water. Water is used for
many purposes such as drinking, cooking ,
washing and many other purposes. It is
crucial for every living being including
animals, plants and human being. Human
beings may live without food for few days
but not without water.
 There are two sources of water -
Surface water – The water which is present
on the earth’s surface is called surface water.

surface water
Underground water- The water which percolates
through the upper layer of the earth’s surface
and is called the underground water.

underground water
There are five sources of surface water –

a) ocean water
b) rain water
c) sea water
d) river water
e) lakes
f) pond water
There are two sources of underground water -
a) Spring water
b) Underground Water
States of water
There are three states of water -:

a) Solid

b) Liquid

c) Gas
 WATER CYCLE
The continuous process
of evaporation,
condensation and
precipitation in nature is
called water cycle.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER

Water is an essential component for all living beings.

This can be proved by the following points –
a) It helps our body in digesting food in our stomach, helps
in the absorption of nutrients in the blood, helps in
maintaining the body temperature.
b) Water is essential for seed to germinate, acts as a
medium for transporting the nutrients from the soil to the
different parts of the plant including leaves and also helps
in preparing food for the plant by the process of
photosynthesis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DRINKING WATER
A drinking water should have the following characteristics –
a) It should be transparent .
b) It should be odourless and colourless.
c) It should contain some minerals essential for our body.
d) It should be free from harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses etc.
WATER BORNE DISEASES
THE DISEASES WHICH ARE CAUSED BY
DRINKING THE POLLUTED WATER ARE
CALLED WATER-BORNE DISEASE.
THE WATER BORNE DISEASES ARE -:
A) DIARRHOEA .
B) JAUNDICE
C) TYPHOID
D) DYSENTERY
E) GASTROENTERITIS
 PURIFICATION OF NATURAL WATER

WATER CAN BE PURIFIED IN TYE FOLLOWING WAYS -:

A) SEDIMETATION AND DECANTATION
B) LOADING
C) FILTRATION
D) DISTILLATION
WATER POLLUTION

THE PRESENCE OF UNDESIREABLE

MATERIALS IN WATER WHICH CAN
MAKE THE WATER UNFIT FOR USE BY
HUMANS, ANIMALS AD PLANTS IS
CALLED WATER POLLUTION.

THE MATERIALS WHICH POLLUTE THE

WATER ARE CALLED POLLUTANTS.
Method preventing / reducing water pollution
There are different methods to reduce / prevent water pollution -:
a) Sewage treatment
b) Effluent treatment
c) Organic Farming
d) Avoid bathing in water
 WATER THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
Water is an universal solvent. It dissolves with various substances. There are three
types of solution-:
a) Saturated solution
b) Unsaturated solution
c) Supersaturated solution