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PRACTICE 22
A. LISTENING (50 pts)
Part 1: You will hear a radio interview about fox hunting. For questions 1-5, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes (10pts) - CAE Practice Test
1. What surprises the interview about the hunt?
A. The dogs are no longer allowed to run free.
B. Nothing seems to have changed after a the new law on hunting.
C. The hunters seem to have adopted a strange system of hunting.
D. The dogs seemed to be losing their ability to find a fox.
2. According to Brian Hook, ______.
A. he enjoys the thrill of the hunt as much as ever
B. the hunters try to deceive the public
C. it’s difficult to keep up with a hunt to see what is really happening
D. it is impossible for them to moniotr all the hunts
3. The new law ______.
A. forbids dogs to chase foxes B. allows dogs to kill a fox as long as the kill is
monitored
C. has proved to be difficult to enforce D. forbids foxes to be shot
4. What was done wrong in the case of Richard Black?
A. He should not have used dogs to flush the fox out of the hole.
B. He was slow to intervene when the fox was caught.
C. He realised too late that his dogs had caught a fox.
D. He shot the fox and then gave it to the dogs.
5. Hook believes that ______.
A. the countryside will be overrun with foxes
B. the law was intended to make the killing of foxes less cruel
C. the fox could become an endangered species
D. traditional hunting methods are the only way to control the fox population
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2: You will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the theatre in
England in the time of William Shakespeare. Decide whether the following statements are true
(T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes . (10pts) (– CPE
Practice Test )

1. According to Professor Davies, the level of literacy in sixteen-century England matched his
expectations.
2. In Professor Davies' opinion, the advantage of the usual method of communication in the
sixteenth century was that people absorbed more of what they heard.
3. Professor Davies believes that Shakespeare's company developed their basic acting skills by
attending special voice classes.

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4. In Professor Davies' view, the advantage of sixteen-century theatres was that the performances
were complemented by everyday life.
5. Professor Davies thinks that sixteen-century plays were expected to deal with personal
confessions.

Your answers:
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

Part 3. Listen to an introduction of a new invention and answer the following questions. USE
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your
answers in the spaces provided.(10 pts) IELTS PRACTICE
1. How much was the watch used by Fossett sold for?
………………20.000 pounds………………………………………
2. Where were the two men near when the accident happened?
………………A lifeboat……………………………………………
3. Who might benefit a lot from this watch?
………………Aviators/ Air crew…………………………………………………
4. What is the maximum range of the watch at sea?
………………260 km…………………………………………
5. When was the self-winding watch invented?
………………1770……………………………………………………
Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about the formation of young planets. WRITE NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER in the spaces provided. (20 pts) (BBC News)

1. Astronomers are now observing and photographing a baby planet in the _______EARLY
STATE_______ of formation for the first time.
2. The group of young planets orbiting the star LkCa 15 are ____450 LIGHT YEARS_____
away.
3. The recently found planets are at least as massive as __________JUPITER__________ and
probably several times more massive than that.
4. _____PLANETARY BIRTH_______ is something that happens at the same time as stars are
born.
5. Analysis showed that _____SUPER HEATED HYDROGEN______is being pulled in from
space, which could mean the planets still have not finished forming.
6. The findings of this observation will give astronomers a _____FAR BETTER
UNDERSTANDING_____ of how planets and planetary systems form.
7. Knowing the processes of planet formation tells you how likely it is to find a planet that has
the _____RIGHT CHEMISTRY______ for life.
8. When a planet is hundreds of millions years old, they'll be regarded as ____MATURE
PLANETS____.
9. The number of Earth-like planets which have been found is up to______1700_______.
10, The discovery proves that planets can and do form readily within the ____INNER DUST
CLOUD___ of a star.

B. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (30 pts)

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Part 1: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes (10 pts) (WORD PERFECT + OLYMPIC 30-4)

1. You can buy goods on the Internet with a credit card, but there is a danger of _____ if
someone else obtains the number.
A. corruption B. fraud C. embezzlement D. disruption
2. As he accepted the award from the organization, his voice _____ with emotion.
A. quivered B. flinched C. cringed D. winced
3. The party was already _____ by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. in the red D. under a cloud
4. Hats like this may have been fashionable in the 60’s, but now they are _____ the times.
A. beneath B. under C. over D. behind
5. You say that this small spare part cost you $100? I am sure you paid through the _____ for it.
A. eye B. nose C. ear D. lips
6. It was mindless of you to _____ Sam in the face. You should never have done it if you expect
him to love you.
A. slam B. clap C. slap D. clasp
7. The train service has been a _____ since they introduced the new schedules.
A. shambles B. rumpus C. chaos D. fracas
8. Fiona’s offered to help you. Don’t ask why – never look a gift _____ in the mouth.
A. horse B. cow C. deer D. dog
9. Sandra’s unpleasant _____ suggested that she knew about Amanda’s terrible secret.
A. grimace B. smirk C. wince D. snort
10. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____ of mind.
A. frame B. trend C. attitude D. tendency

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2 The passage below contains 6 errors in spelling, grammar, word form. For questions 1-5
, underline the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. CPE
practice test

Things started to go wrongly (WRONG) as soon as we got to the hotel. We were all completely
exhausted after our long journey and looking forward to a shower and a rest. However, we found
that our room was not ready, which was very annoy (ANNOYING) , although the manager was
extremely apologetic. While we were waiting, we asked about the excursions to places of an (0)
interest which we had read about in the brochure. Imagine how we felt when we were told they
had all (BEEN) cancelled! Apparently, the person responsible for organizing them had left
suddenly and had not been replaced. Then Sally saw a notice pinning (PINNED) to the door of
the restaurant, saying it was closed for redecoration, and Peter discovered that the swimming
pool was empty. When we eventually got to our room, we were horrified to find that it was at the

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back of the hotel, and we had a view of a car park, which seemed to be used as a rubbish dump.
We seriously began to wonder whether or not to stay.

Your Answers:
No Line Mistake Correction
1
2
3
4
5

Part 3: Fill each gap in the following sentences with one of the prepositions or particles.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes (5pts) (Olympic 30/4)

1. On behalf of the guests, I’d like to propose a toast ___________the bride and groom.
2. Directed by a hypocritical, the organization is rotten___________ the core.
3. He’s a bit timid and hasn’t yet plucked ________the courage to apply for the job.
4. I don’t believe I could live so far _____ _____ the sticks.
5. You must have a terrible day. Now, just put your feet _______ and I’ll make dinner.
Your answers:
1. to 2. to 3. up 4. out in 5. up

Part 4: For questions 1- 10, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the corresponding
numbered boxes. (10 points) (Adapted from www.theguardian.com)
SPECIES DIVERSITY
While people are generally most familiar with (1) __________(CELL) organisms such as
plants and animals, these organisms form only small branches on the tree of life. The greatest
metabolic (2)__________(DIVERSE) is found among the prokaryotic organisms of the
Eubacteria and Archaea. Although some of these microbes use oxygen for respiration, or
(3)___________ (SYNTHESIS) like plants, others have the extraordinary ability to derive
energy from (4)____________(ORGAN) chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia, and
they use carbon dioxide as their only source of carbon for producing organic molecules.
Organisms that we consider extremophiles can survive in saturated salt
(5)_____________(CONCENTRATE) (36% (6)____________(COMPARE) to approximately
3% for seawater), or in superheated water in deep-sea vents and geysers.
Because people have ventured to all parts of the globe, one might expect that the new
species being (7)____________(DISCOVERY) each year would be microscopic organisms that
can only be distinguished at a (8)___________(DEFINITION) level. While it is true that most
new species identified are insects, microbes and fungi, we are still discovering new vertebrates
such as abaleen whale and a (9)___________(CLOUD) leopard. A conservation focus on
preserving ecosystems not only saves large numbers of species (including
(10)___________(CHARISMA) species that do not receive public support) but also preserves
the support systems that maintain life.

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Your answers:
1.multi-cellular 2.diversity 3.photosynthesize 4.inorganic 5.concentrations
6.compared 7.discovered 8.definite 9.clouded 10.non-charismatic

C. READING (60 pts)

Part 1: For questions 1-10. Read the following passage and decide which answer A, B, C or D
best fits each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts) - English-
Advanced-Vocab-and-Structure
Is hypnosis a mystification or an ideal way of treating many diseases? The fact that a
hypnotized individual will _____ (1) the hypnotist's commands to perform even the most
illogical actions has always excited both the psychologists and their clients _____ (2) for getting
rid of different ailments, be it mental or physical, by means of responding to persuasive
suggestions while in the altered state of consciousness.
This trance may usually be _____ (3) by repeating monotonous commands thus introducing
an individual into a subconscious sphere of his personality, which in the state of full wakefulness
may be suppressed or concealed. A hypnotized person appears to be more _____ (4) to imposed
orders and more motivated to _____ (5) his deep-rooted anxieties and worries. Controversial
though this approach may seem to be, it does contribute to curing people of their emotional
distresses in the _____ (6) of positive suggestions. Hypnosis can _____ (7) establishing a more
profound contact with a patient's emotional life even reviving the forgotten events from a
remote past where the root cause of an affliction may originate from.
It doesn't necessarily aim at confronting the psychological problems only. Hypnosis can
also be of great assistance in treating many addictions, _____ (8) various kinds of pains or even
fighting skin diseases.
Without _____ (9), hypnosis is a most useful tool in the hands of physicians and faith
healers even though the extraordinary phenomena that it _____ (10) cannot always be accounted
for by any scientific or logical means.

1. A. tackle B. concede C. operate D. follow

2. A. eager B. keen C. resolute D. intent
3. A. conjured B. applied C. fixed D. evoked
4. A. answerable B. responsive C. reactionary D. perceptible
5. A. disclose B. depose C. delete D. disperse
6. A. use B. means C. way D. manner
7. A. help B. implement C. facilitate D. entitle
8. A. depleting B. shrinking C. alleviating D. declining
9. A. fail B. miss C. guess D. word
10. A. enacts B. provokes C. breeds D. induces

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part 2: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE
WORD for each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
Towards Proficiency
SEASON AND BABY SIZE
People born in certain months of the year tend to be taller than those born in others. This
discovery was (1) __________ in a recent study carried out at the Danish Epidemiology Science
Centre in Copenhagen.
The researchers looked at the height and weight details (2) __________birth of over a
million Danes born in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and found that a child born in April is, on
average, nearly two centimeters taller than one born in December. As (3) __________ as being
taller, the April baby is also likely to be heavier, and the odds (4) __________ that he or she will
remain bigger throughout life.
The study also shows that (5) __________ children born in December tend to be the
smallest, the size of those born in June and July is also well below (6) __________ of the April
babies. In these two midsummer months, however, the difference in height and weight is only
half as much as in midwinter.
Similar results (7) __________ these emerged from a separate study in Australia. There
they found that by the time children reached 18, the gap between the April and the December
ones had increased to about five centimeters.
Another seasonal variation that (8) __________ to light concerned actual birth dates.
Winter babies, it was discovered, were born an average of one day earlier than spring, summer or
autumn babies.
In (9) __________ of these studies were scientists able to explain these differences. In
both cases they called (10) __________ further research into the subject.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. made 2. at 3. well 4. are 5. although/ while

6. that 7. to 8. came 9. neither 10. for

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the
text. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes (15pts).
HOW TO MASTER SKILLS FOR THE TOEFL IBT ACTUAL TEST- READING TEST BOOK
The Balance in the Oceans

The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones
is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for
sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species
of fish, is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent of the 450 plus species of
sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator
lurking invisibly in the bodies of water of the world, one which poses one of the greatest threats
to all species of ocean life - bacteria. Though many types of fish are continually stalking and

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evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels
at bay in order to allow their own existence to continue.
Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, they are beneficial as
they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for
the growth of plant life. This is called nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But,
on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because they attack fragile, weaker
individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually
suffocate the oceans. In water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because,
as they proliferate, they reduced the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live.
Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as
algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a
critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans’ equilibrium by reducing
vulnerable links in the food chain.
In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of
their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of
them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body
and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and
cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels
increase and become out of control, they can take hold of a system, overrun it, and become
debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains
bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying
cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body healthy. Like in the
human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean.
Like phagocytes in the human body , ocean predators work as antibacterial custodians of the
seas. In essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they
remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too
comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones
to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with
their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill
even the strongest species of fish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all
important oxygen.
While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest
fish, a closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly,
most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way of life does not merely
provide a food source for a dominant species. It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an
ocean’s ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators
are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in
synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire
consequences will definitely result.

1. The word “lurking” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. attacking B. increasing C. waiting D. approaching
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators?
A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans.
B. One of the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria.
C. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.

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D. Most of the killers that hide in the oceans are unknown to humans.
3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about bacteria?
A. They can be extremely detrimental to fish if their numbers increase.
B. They are able to feed off themselves when other food sources are limited.
C. They stimulate plant life, which in turn releases oxygen into the water.
D. They present themselves in numerous shapes and forms as well as colors.
4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage?
A. Evasion tactics help fish escape from the threats posed by an increasing number of bacteria.
B. Various species of fish prey upon one another in order to lower bacteria levels in the ocean.
C. high bacteria levels in the ocean help most species of fish to survive by providing them with
food.
D. Rivals or not, all fish help one another survive by preventing bacteria from proliferating.
5. The author discusses “nutrient recycling ” in paragraph 2 in order to
A. show how bacteria act similarly in the ocean and the human body
B. explain the different roles of nutrients and oxygen for species of fish
C. indicate that bacteria do have a positive impact in the oceans
D. note how chemicals from bacteria are able to stimulate plant growth
6. The word “thwarting” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. encouraging B. presenting C. slowing D. sustaining
7. According to paragraph 2, bacteria are dangerous to ocean life because
A. they have the capability to attack both strong and weaker fish
B. they could monopolize the critical breathable gas in the ocean
C. they get rid of vulnerable links, like dying fish, in the food chain
D. they blossom out of control when overfishing becomes dominant
8. The word “debilitating” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. stimulating B. hindering C. elevating D. weakening
9. The author’s description of phagocytes mentions all of the following EXCEPT:
A. They rid the human body of potentially dangerous organisms.
B. They act in a similar manner as the predators of the ocean.
C. They dispose of bacteria to make weakened cells revive.
D. They are cleaning agents in humans to maintain bacteria levels.
10. According to paragraph 4, the elimination of weaker fish by ocean predators
A. can often have an adverse effect on the population of the certain prey species
B. inadvertently helps stronger species of fish to proliferate more easily
C. reduces oxygen levels, thereby causing bacteria to multiply in their prey
D. allows bacteria to grow and multiply in the stronger individuals of a species

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4 : Read the following passage and do the tasks that follows. Write your answer in the
space provided. (15 pts) 15 DAYS’ PRACTICE FOR IELTS READING
JUST RELAX

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A. Hypnosis is an intriguing and fascinating process. a trance-like mental state is induced in one
person by another, who appears to have the power to command that person to obey instructions
without question. Hypnotic experiences were described by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks,
while references to deep sleep and anesthesia have been found in the Bible and the Jewish
Talmud. In the mid-1700s Franz Mesmer, an Australian physician, developed his theory of
‘animal magnetism’, which was the belief that the cause of disease was the ‘improper
distribution of the invisible magnetic fluid’. Mesmer used water tubs and magnetic wands to
direct these supposed fluids to his patients. In 1784, a French commission studied. Mesmer’s
claims, and concluded that these cues were only imagined by patients. However, people
continued to believe in this process of ‘mesmerism’ and it was soon realized that successful
results could be achieved, but without the need for magnets and water.

B. The term hypnotism was first used by James Braid, a British physician who studied
suggestion and hypnosis in the mid- 1800s. He demonstrated that hypnosis differed from sleep,
that it was a physiological response and not a result of secret powers. During the same period,
James Esdaile, a Scottish doctor working in India, used hypnotism instead of anesthetic in over
200 major surgical operations, including leg amputations. Later that century a French
neurologist, Jean Chrcot, successfully experimented with hypnosis in his clinic for nervous
disorders.
C. Since then, scientists have shown that the state of hypnosis is a natural human behavior,
which can affect psychological, social and/ or physical experiences. The effects of hypnotism
depend on the ability, willingness and motivation of the person hypnotized. Although hypnosis
has been compared to dreaming and sleepwalking, it is not actually related to sleep. It involves a
more active and intensive mental concentration of the person being hypnotized. Hypnotized
people can talk, write and walk about and they are usually fully aware of what is being said and
done.
D. There are various techniques used to induce hypnosis. The best known is a series of simple
suggestions repeated continuously in the same tone of voice. The subject is instructed to focus
their attention on an object of fixed point, while being told to relax, breathe deeply, and allow the
eyelids to grow heavy and close. As the person responds, their state of attention changes, and this
altered state often leads to other changes. For example, the person may experience different
levels of awareness, consciousness, imagination, memory and reasoning or becoming responsive
to suggestions. Additional phenomenon may be produced or eliminated such as blushing,
sweating, paralysis, muscle tension or anaesthesia. Although these changes can occur with
hypnosis, none of these experiences is unique to it. People who are very responsive to hypnosis
are also more responsive to suggestions when they are hypnotized. This responsiveness increases
during hypnotism. This explains why hypnosis takes only a few seconds for some, whilst other
people cannot easily hypnotized.
E. It is a common misunderstanding that hypnotists are able to force people to perform criminal
or any other acts against their will. In fact, subjects can resist suggestions, and they retain their
ability to distinguish right from wrong. This misunderstanding is often the result of public
performances where subjects perform ridiculous or highly embarrassing actions at the command
of the hypnotist. These people are usually instructed not to recall their behavior after re-emerging
from the hypnotic state, so it appears that they were powerless while hypnotized. The point to
remember, however, is that these individuals chose to participate, and the success of hypnotism
depends on the willingness of a person to be hypnotized.

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F. Interestingly, there are different levels of hypnosis achievable. Thus deep hypnosis can be
induces to allow anaesthesia or surgery, childbirth or dentistry. This contrasts to a lighter state of
hypnosis, which deeply relaxes the patient who will then follow simple directions. This latter
state may be used to treat mental health problems, as it allow patients to feel calm while
simultaneously thinking about distressing feelings or painful memories. Thus patients can learn
new responses to situations or come up with solutions to problems. This can help recovery from
psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression or phobias. Sometime after traumatic
incidents, memory of the incidents may be blocked. For example, some soldiers develop amnesia
(loss of memory) as a result of their experiences during wartime. Through hypnosis these
repressed memories can be retrieved and treated. A variation of this treatment involves age
regression, when the hypnotist take the patient back to a specific age. In this way patients may
remember events and feelings from that time, which may be affecting their current well-being.
G. Physicians also have made use of the ability of a hypnotized person to remain in a given
position for long periods of time. In one case, doctors had to graft skin onto a patient’s badly
damaged foot. First, skin from the person’s abdomen was grafted onto his arm; then the graft was
transferred to his foot. With hypnosis, the patient held his arm tightly in position over his
abdomen for three weeks, then over his foot for four weeks. Even though these positions were
unusual, the patient at no time left uncomfortable.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. Write the
correct number, i-xi , next to Questions 1-6.
List of Headings
i. Use of hypnotism in criminal cases
ii. The body posture and hypnosis
iii. Early medical experiments with hypnotism
iv. Early association of hypnotists with psychology
v. Dangers of hypnotism
vi. How to hypnotise
vii. Hypnosis and free will
viii. Difference between mesmerism and hypnotism
ix. Therapeutic uses of hypnosis
x. Origins of hypnosis
xi. The normality of hypnotized subjects’ behavior

Example Answer
Paragraph A x
1. Paragraph B iii
2. Paragraph C xi
3. Paragraph D vi
4. Paragraph E vii
5. Paragraph F ix
6. Paragraph G: ii
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6

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Questions 7-10: Complete the summary of the history of hypnosis. Choose NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answer in the space
provided.
References to hypnotism can be found both in the Talmud and the (7) ____BIBLE____.
Even when Mesmer’s (8) __MAGNETS AND WATER__ were not used, successful results
occurred without them. Braid identified hypnosis as a natural (9) _HUMAN_ response, rather
than magical or mystical. Early psychological studies showed the difference between sleep and
hypnosis. Successful hypnosis requires the subject’s active (10) _MENTAL
CONCENTRATION_. Consequently subjects can speak or move around and are aware of their
surroundings.

Part 5: Read the text about Captain Cook and answer questions (10pts).
For questions 1–10, identify which section A–F each of the following is mentioned. Write
ONE letter A–F in the space provided. Each letter may be used more than once.
CPE – Reading and Use of English
The Changing Faces of Captain Cook
A
In the painting by Johann Zoffany which depicts the death of Captain James Cook- the tireless
eighteenth- century explorer- the captain is shown lying on the ground,mortally wounded and
surrounded by an angry group of half-naked warriors. The painting, in keeping with others of the
late eighteenth century, contributed to the growing demand for stylised depictions of heroic
deaths of British officers. This fashion reinforced the viewpoint that British elite, at that time,
were selflessly willing to sacrifice themselves in the name of enlightenment and progress. During
his career in the navy, Cook made three important voyages into the Pacific. A quick look at a
map of that area today will show reminders of that time – for example, the Cook Islands, and
Mount Cook on the South Island of New Zealand.
B
There is some controversy as to whether Cook should be regarded simply as part of the progress
which led to Europe spreading its influence and strength into the Pacific or whether he played a
more active role. Either way, the significance of his discoveries remains immense. His
expeditions contributed greatly to the study of botany, anthropology, navigation, exploration,
cartography, and medicine. In fact, his greatest accomplishments probably stemmed from his
thorough approach to whatever he undertook, which led him to be able to consolidate the work
of earlier explorers. Cook’s first two voyages into the Pacific were characterized by his tolerance
and forbearance towards the inhabitants he visited and the importance he placed on the physical
well-being of his crew. His recognition of the fact that there was a huge cultural difference
between his men and the islanders influenced his dealings with the latter and the commands
issued to the former. By contrast, his third and last voyage saw a different, more irritable Cook, a
man who frequently punished his own men for minor misdemeanours. Flogging became a
relatively common event and some crew members even began to plot munity.
C
On 16th January, 1779, Cook’s ships put in at Kealakekua Bay on Hawaii having first slowly
circumnavigated the island. He had decided that they should pass the winter in a warm region
before sailing to the west coast of America to restock the ships. The arrival of the ships coincided
with the rituals surrounding the worship of the god Lono. By landing at the bay where the temple
of the god was situated in this particular season, the expedition managed to fulfil with amazing

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precision the various legends associated with Lono. Even the ship’s masts and sails bore some
resemblance to the emblem of the god. Speculation has it that the inhabitants of the island may
have supposed Cook to actually be the god, visiting them in human form, or that he was a human
representative of the god. Either way, they welcomed him with open arms and gave him help in
stocking his ships with food.
D
The expedition’s departure happened to coincide with the end of this season worship, no doubt
further adding to the islanders’ conviction that Cook was a man of importance to them.
Unfortunately, the expedition had to return to the bay after one of the ships suffered storm
damage. On the island, it was now a period dedicated to the worship of the god Ku, a deity
opposed to Lono. Cook’s return was therefore contradictory and confusing, and potentially upset
the delicate relationship that had been previously established. Events took a turn for the worse
with his decision to confront the Hawaiian king after the theft of one of his boats. This served to
incur the wrath of the islanders and triggered a series of events that led to his being killed by
them on the beach of the bay while trying to flee from the island.

According to the text, which section(s) mention the following? Your

answers
Cook’s voyages enhancing knowledge in a range of fields 1.
Cook’s fateful decision to challenge a figure of authority 2.
the concept of giving up one’s life for a greater good 3.
meticulous methodology being crucial to Cook’s achievements 4.
remarkable coincidences facilitating Cook’s purpose 5.
a change in circumstances clouding a situation 6.
the abandonment of an enlightened approach 7.
the privileged seeking to reinforce an image 8.
the possibility of Cook being passed for a divinity 9.
asking if Cook merely performed his duty or actively shaped regional policy 10.

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B

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