Apostila 04

Book 04
Famous People
Sigmund Freud
In this lesson, you will read a short biography of
Sigmund Freud. You will practice new vocabulary
and talk about dreams and mental illness.
Pre-Reading
A. Warm-Up Questions
1. What do you do if you are feeling very sick?
2. What kind of illness does a psychiatrist treat?
3. D
o you dream very often?
Do you remember your dreams?
4. Do you understand the meaning of your dreams?
B. Vocabulary Preview
Match up as many words and meanings as you can.

Check this exercise again after seeing the words in context on page 2.
1. mental a) a sofa
2. illness b) to not have the same opinion
3. treat c) a presentation for the purpose of teaching
4. hypnosis d) to upset, to worry, to make trouble
5. couch e) something you are afraid of
6. bother f) sickness
7. theory g) to give medical care
8. disagree h) to run away, to get free
9. interpretation i) an idea given to explain something
10. personality j) openly, in front of people, not privately
11. publicly k) of the mind
12. lecture l) a person’s character
13. escape m) an explanation of meaning
14. fear n) a deep sleep in which someone can control your actions
Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T / V E R S I O N 4 . 0) 1
Sigmund Freud
Famous People
Reading
1. igmund Freud developed ideas about the human mind.
S “Love and work...
He was interested in helping people with mental illness. work and love,
His field of study is known as psychoanalysis.
that’s all there is.”
2. reud was born in Moravia (now the Czech Republic) on May 6, 1856.
F
—Sigmund Freud
He and his family moved to Vienna in 1860. In 1873, he went to the
University of Vienna medical school. Freud graduated as a medical
doctor in 1881. He decided to go into private practice to treat
people with mental illness.
3. In 1885, Freud learned how to use hypnosis to treat his patients,
but he was unhappy with the results. He and Josef Breur, another
doctor, worked out a new kind of treatment. Patients would just lie
on a couch and talk about what was bothering them. Later, Freud
and Breur would think about what their patients told them and then
work with them to help them get better.
4. F
reud and Breur also decided that many people’s problems began in
their childhood. To get well, patients had to remember and then deal
with their childhood fears. After a few years, Freud and Breur began
to disagree, and Freud decided to work alone.
5. In 1900, Freud wrote a book called The Interpretation of Dreams.

In it, he explained his ideas about the meaning of people’s dreams.
Many people think it is his best work.
reud also studied how children’s personalities develop. Many of

6. F
his ideas had to do with human sexuality. At this time, sex was not
discussed publicly, and many people were unhappy with him. But, by
1908, some scientists began to agree with Freud’s ideas. He was even
asked to give lectures about his work in the United States.
7. In 1923, Freud published his theory about how the human mind works.
This theory became very famous. Over the years, he wrote more than
20 books. Many people agreed with his ideas, and many did not.
reud and his family left Vienna in 1937 to escape from the Nazis.
8. F
They moved to London, England. Freud died of cancer two years later.
Sigmund Freud
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?
Read the statements below.

If the statement is true, write T beside the sentence.
If it is false, write F and correct the information in your notebook.
1. Sigmund Freud was a medical doctor.
2. Freud graduated in 1873.
3. Freud created a new treatment for people with mental illnesses.
4. Freud believed that many mental problems begin in childhood.
5. Freud died in 1937.
B. Ask & Answer
Practice asking and answering the following questions with your partner.
Then write the answers in your notebook. Use complete sentences.
1. What kind of ideas did Freud develop?
2. Where did Freud study medicine?
3. After he graduated, what kind of people did he want to treat?
4. Who worked with Freud in developing a new kind of treatment?
5. Explain the new treatment they developed.
6. Why did Freud try to get his patients to talk about their childhood?
7. What is Freud’s treatment of mental illness called?
8. Why were many people unhappy with Freud’s ideas?
Sigmund Freud
Famous People
Vocabulary Practice
MEDICAL SPECIALISTS
Work with a partner and use your dictionaries or

look online to complete the following sentences.
Ex. A psychiatrist treats people with mental problems.
1. A cardiologist treats people with .
2. A pediatrician treats .
3. An obstetrician delivers .
4. A dentist looks after .
5. An optometrist examines and prescribes .
6. A dermatologist looks after problems.
7. An oncologist treats people who have .
Discussion
1. What do you do if you are feeling very sad or depressed?
2. Do you think it helps to talk about your problems?
3. Who do you talk to if you are having emotional problems?
4. D
o you think people view mental illness
differently than physical illness?
5. D
o you think that understanding our dreams
can help us to understand our feelings?
6. D
o you think that childhood experiences
can have a big influence on your adult life?
Famous Places
Mecca
Pre-Reading
1. Where is Mecca located?
2. Do you know why Mecca is so

important to the religion of Islam?
3. Do you know when the religion of Islam was founded?
4. Have you heard of the spiritual journey to Mecca called the Hajj?
5. Do you know how many people take part in the annual Hajj?
Match the words on the left with the correct meanings on the right.
1. holy a) a religious journey
2. pray b) very forceful
3. narrow c) started, established
4. valley d) religious, spiritual
5. originally e) in good physical condition, not sick
6. founded f) to speak to God, to worship
7. cube g) a public gathering to show feelings about something
8. able-bodied h) at first, in the beginning
9. pilgrimage i) an action performed in connection with a cermeony or religious service
10. ritual j) thin, not wide
11. stampede k) a block having six equal square sides
12. violent l) a sudden rush of frightened people or animals
13. demonstration m) a piece of land between hills or mountains
Copyright 2015, Red River Press Inc. For use by members of ESL Library in accordance with membership terms. 1
Mecca
Famous Places
Reading
1. Mecca is Islam’s holiest city. Muslims turn
toward Mecca five times a day to pray.
After Muslims
complete this
2. Mecca is located in Saudi Arabia in a narrow valley
about 50 miles (about 80.5 kilometers) from the Red Sea.
pilgrimage,
It was a trading center originally. they can add
3. Islam was founded in Mecca by the Prophet Mohammed in the
the prefix “al-Hajj”
seventh century. The Ka’ba, a cube-shaped, black brick building, (the pilgrimage)
is the center of Islam. Al-Haram Mosque (the Great Mosque) or “Hajji” (pilgrim)
surrounds the Ka’ba and the modern city of Mecca surrounds
the mosque.
before their name.
4. Only Muslims are allowed to visit Mecca. All able-bodied Muslims
who have enough money to make the journey must perform
a spiritual Hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca at least once in their
life. During the Hajj, pilgrims must wear special white clothes
and cannot do things like shave, cut their nails, wear jewelry,
kill or hunt, or fight or argue.
5. More than two million Muslims from 70 countries take part in the
annual Hajj. Many travel thousands of miles to reach the holy city.
While there, they perform certain rituals. After entering al-Haram
Mosque, they walk around the Ka’ba seven times in a counter-
clockwise direction, a ritual called the Tawaf. They must also run
seven times along one of the passageways in the mosque. This ritual
honors the search for water by Hajar, the Prophet Abraham’s wife.
6. The crowds of people and the heat have created problems in the past.
Many pilgrims have died of heat stroke; many others have died after
being crushed in stampedes or caught in fires or as a result of violent
political demonstrations. The government of Saudi Arabia has set a
fixed number of pilgrims who are allowed to come from each country
each year to try to overcome these problems.
Mecca
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

If it is false, write F and correct the information.
1. Mecca is located at the top of a mountain in Saudi Arabia.
2. Mecca was once a trading center.
3. All Muslims, rich or poor, must travel to Mecca once in their lifetime.
4. The spiritual journey to Mecca is called the Ka’ba.
5. Many people have died during their spiritual journey to Mecca.
B. Ask and Answer
Then write your answers in complete sentences in your notebook.
1. Where is Mecca located?
2. Why is Mecca so important in the religion of Islam?
3. What is the Ka’ba?
4. What is the Hajj, and what are some of the requirements of the Hajj?
5. How many Muslims take part in the annual Hajj?
6. What are some of the rituals associated with the Hajj?
7. What are some of the problems associated with the Hajj?
Mecca
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review
Complete the sentences using vocabulary from page 1.
You may need to change the word forms.
1. That is a very bridge. Two cars cannot pass each other at the same time.
2. The United Nations was in 1945 after World War II.
3. Many houses were destroyed during the storm.
4. In many countries, all young men have to join the army for one or two years.
5. There is going to be a downtown

tomorrow to protest against the government’s decision to raise taxes.
6. He went to church to for his sick child.
7. When the fire started in the barn, the horses began to across the field.
8. After hiking in the hills all day, the campers went down into
the to set up their camp and spend the night.
Discussion
1. Besides Mecca, what are some other holy sites
around the world? What religions are these places
associated with? Have you visited any of these places?
2. There are several rituals associated with the Hajj that are
mentioned in the reading. Discuss some of the rituals involved
in ceremonies or services in your own religion or culture.
3. Many people have died while making the pilgrimage to Mecca because
of heat, overcrowding, fires, and demonstrations. What do you think
the Saudi government can do to prevent these problems in the future?
Discussion Starters
Camping
Pre-Reading
1. Which do you prefer, camping or staying in hotels?
2. What is the most enjoyable part about camping?
3. What activities do campers enjoy?
4. If you could camp anywhere,

where would you like to camp?

1. roughing it a) enough
2. tarp b) a bed that you fill with air
3. motor home c) a plastic covering
4. cushion (verb) d) a large vehicle that can be used as a traveling home
e) a small home out in the country

5. brew
or near a lake, used in the summer months
6. SUV
f) sports utility vehicle
7. not be caught dead g) to prepare a liquid meal or drink
8. cottage h) to make something softer
9. air mattress i) spending time in nature with only the essentials
10. sufficient j) to not ever be seen doing something
Camping
Discussion Starters
Reading
CAMPING
Whatever happened to “roughing it”?
1. Once upon a time, camping was all about roughing it in the “It always rains on
wilderness. People set up tents and cooked meals on an open fire. tents. Rainstorms
Children played in the woods, adults sat at picnic tables, and pets got
tied to trees. When it rained, family and friends gathered under tarps
will travel thousands
to play games. of miles, against
2. These days, camping is more about luxury. Many people use campers prevailing winds
or motor homes. Their house on wheels is a mini version of their for the opportunity
home in the city. If they do use tents, they bring air mattresses to to rain on a tent.”
cushion their bodies from the hard ground. Many campers bring their
—Dave Berry, humor columnist
own stoves for cooking meals and brewing coffee. Beach and sand
toys fill up overhead bins. SUVs allow campers to pack extra supplies,
including bicycles, spare clothes, comfortable bedding, and emergency
supplies.
3. Some people refuse to camp, regardless of how comfortable it is.

They don’t like sleeping outdoors and they hate the smell of bug
spray and skunks. These people may stay in hotels or cottages,
but they would not be caught dead at a campsite.
4. Serious campers still prefer roughing it. They love being out in the
wilderness. Water, instant noodles, and a change of underwear is
sufficient for those who want to be one with nature. These people
wouldn’t be caught dead checking their smartphones at camp!
Comprehension
Discuss these questions in pairs, and write the answers in your notebook.
1. What type of vehicle offers a house on wheels?
2. How do campers make sleeping more comfortable?
3. How do campers transport extra stuff when they go camping?
4. Why do some people hate camping?
5. What does it mean to be “one with nature”?
Camping
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Choose the Correct Word
Which word from the vocabulary is being described in each sentence?
# Sentence Word
1 Put it over your picnic table when it rains.
2 Go here when you need a break from the city.
3 Blow one up and place it inside your tent.
4 This verb is often used in combination with the word “coffee.”
5 This is the short form of a type of spacious vehicle.
B. Marshmallow Madness
1. Divide into two teams. One team is “Roughing It.” The other
team is “Living in the Lap of Luxury” (camping in a motor home).
2. Place two chairs facing away from the board.

Choose one member from each team to start.
3. The first two players must each draw a long stick on

the board. (This is the stick for roasting marshmallows.)
4. The team member that is living in the lap of luxury gets to

sit down. The other team member has to stand on the mountain
(chair). These team members must not look at the board.
*Note:
5. Your teacher will write a word from the reading on the board.
Team members that are not at
Team members will try to get the camper on the chair to guess the the front cannot say any form
word. They will try to define the word or give examples of it.* of the word that is on the board.
If they do, their team loses
6. The first camper on the chair to guess the word a marshmallow.
correctly gets to draw a marshmallow on their stick.
7. Two new players go to the chairs.

The teacher writes a new word on the board.
8. Continue the game until one team has 10 marshmallows.
Camping
Discussion Starters
Discussion
1. What is your idea of the perfect campsite?
2. Do you prefer roughing it or living in the lap of luxury? Explain.
3. If you could only bring ten things on

a camping trip, what would you bring?
4. What types of rules do campsites usually have?
Class Opinion
Walk around the class and ask your classmates questions.
Write their answers in the chart below.
What activity would

What’s the worst
Classmate’s name: Do you like camping? you not be caught
part of camping?
dead doing?
Camping
Discussion Starters
Listening
 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2011/08/03/podcast-camping/
Fill in the blanks as you listen to the recording.
CAMPING
Whatever happened to “roughing it”?
1. Once upon a time, camping was all about

in the wilderness. People set up tents and cooked meals on an open
fire. Children played in the woods, adults sat at picnic tables, and pets
got tied to trees. When it rained, family and friends gathered
under to play games.
2. These days, camping is more about .

Many people use campers or motor homes. Their house on wheels
is a mini version of their home in the city. If they do use tents, they
bring to cushion their bodies from the hard
ground. Many campers bring their own stoves for cooking meals and
coffee. Beach and sand toys fill up overhead
bins. SUVs allow campers to pack extra supplies, including bicycles,
spare clothes, comfortable bedding, and emergency supplies.
3. Some people refuse to camp, regardless of how comfortable it

is. They don’t like sleeping outdoors and they hate the smell of
bug spray and skunks. These people may stay in hotels or
, but they wouldn’t be
at a campsite.
4. campers still prefer roughing it. They love

being out in the wilderness. Water, instant noodles, and a change
of underwear is for those who want to be
one with nature. These people wouldn’t be caught dead checking
their smart phones at camp!
Famous People
Mother
Teresa
In this lesson, you will read about a world-famous Catholic
nun. You’ll learn and practice new vocabulary and discuss
charity work. Let’s start with a group discussion.
Pre-Reading
1. Have you heard of Mother Teresa? 4. Have you heard of the disease called “leprosy”?
If so, what do you know about her? If so, what do you know about it?
2. Do you know where Macedonia is? 5. What is the Nobel Peace Prize?
If not, look at a world map and locate it. Can you name any recipients of this prize?
3. Have you ever been to India?
1. nun a) to show respect

2. order b) a place where religious or charitable work is done
3. charity c) to operate, to manage
4. vow d) a woman who is a member of a religious order
5. dedicated e) a ceremony and burial of a dead person
6. orphanage f) a promise
7. hospice g) having a very modest or simple opinion of oneself
8. mission h) a religious group
9. inspire i) a place for children who have no parents or guardians to live
10. run j) to give feelings, thoughts, or confidence to someone
11. humble k) help for the poor, the sick, children, etc.
12. honor l) a place for very sick and dying people to live
13. funeral m) given or set apart for a special purpose
Mother Teresa
Famous People
Reading
1. Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun who helped the poor,
the sick, and the dying in India and around the world.
“If you judge people,
you have no time
2. She was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu on August 27, 1910, in what is
now Macedonia. At age 18, she joined the Sisters of Loreto, a Catholic
to love them.”
order in Dublin, Ireland, to become a nun. The Sisters also did charity —Mother Teresa
work in India. Two years later, in 1930, they sent her to Calcutta to
teach in a high school.
3. When she took her final religious vows in 1937, she

took the name “Teresa” in honor of St. Teresa of Lisieux.
4. In 1948, Mother Teresa became an Indian citizen. She also left the
high school and the Sisters of Loreto to start her own religious order.
She called it the Missionaries of Charity. It was dedicated to helping
Calcutta’s poorest people.
5. By the 1960s, Mother Teresa and her nuns had set up orphanages for
children, hospices for the dying, and homes for those with leprosy all
over India. In 1965, they began to open missions in other countries,
including the United States.
6. Many people were inspired by Mother Teresa. The Missionaries

of Charity includes more than 4,000 nuns and more than 100,000
volunteers who help the nuns run schools, hospitals, orphanages,
and food centers in over 120 countries. Many more people give
money to support their work.
7. Mother Teresa received several international awards for her charity

work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Rich and famous people
often came to Calcutta to meet her. Yet she remained a humble,
simple person who always wore a plain, white sari with a blue border.
8. Mother Teresa died on September 5, 1997. The government of India

honored her with a state funeral. In October 2003, Pope John Paul
II named her “Blessed Mother Teresa.” On September 4, 2016, Pope
Francis made Mother Teresa a saint of the Catholic Church.
Mother Teresa
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Mother Teresa was born in India.
2. Mother Teresa was an Indian citizen.
3. Mother Teresa was once a teacher.
4. Mother Teresa’s religious order works only in India.
5. The Indian government respected Mother Teresa.
B. Ask and Answer
1. What did Mother Teresa do when she first went to India?
2. What was the name of the first religious order Mother Teresa joined?
What was the name of the order she started?
3. What was the main goal of Mother Teresa’s religious order?
4. What had Mother Teresa and her order accomplished by the 1960s?
5. What do the Missionaries of Charity do today?
6. What kind of person was Mother Teresa?
7. How did the Indian government honor Mother Teresa after her death?
8. What did Pope Francis do in 2016 regarding Mother Teresa?
Mother Teresa
Famous People
Vocabulary Review
1. When a man and woman get married, they make a

to love each other forever.
2. He has his whole life to helping sick people and poor people.
3. When the president of the company got sick, he asked

his son to the business for him.
4. When her parents died, she went to live with her aunt and uncle.
They didn’t want her to live in an .
5. The teacher wants to her students to work hard.
Discussion
1. Do you ever do charity work?
If so, what kind of charity work do you do?
2. Why do you think so many people were inspired by Mother Teresa?
3. Is it common in your country for people who are dying

to spend their last few weeks or months in hospices,
or do most people remain in the hospital or at home?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending

the last few weeks of life at hospices, hospitals, or home?
5. Why do you think so many rich and famous people wanted to

meet Mother Teresa, who was such a simple, humble person?
Famous Places
Angkor Wat
Pre-Reading
1. Have you heard of the ancient

temple called Angkor Wat?
2. Do you know where Angkor Wat is located?
3. When do you think it was built?
4. Look at the picture of Angkor Wat.

How long do you think it took to build?
5. What is a World Heritage Site?
6. Do you know what an archeologist does?

1. temple a) a member of a religious group living in a monastery
2. moat b) to find by chance
3. terrace c) to show
4. depict d) a place where someone is going
5. conquer e) a deep, wide ditch of water built around a place for protection
6. abandon f) a collection of stories from long ago
7. monk g) to defeat, to win a victory over enemies
8. mythology h) a level area attached to a building or structure
9. destination i) to leave and not plan to return
10. come across j) a building used for praying
Angkor Wat
Famous Places
Reading
1. Angkor Wat is an ancient temple that is located a few miles
from the town of Siem Reap in Cambodia, Southeast Asia.
Angkor Wat is
the largest religious
2. Angkor Wat means “City Temple.” It was built in the early 1100s for
Suryavarman II, the king of the Khmer Empire, as part of his capital
monument in
city. The Khmers ruled the area from about AD 800 to 1225. The the world.
temple was dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu and took 37 years
to build. The huge structure is surrounded by a thick outer wall that
is 15 feet high and over 2 miles long. The complex is protected by
a moat, which is 600 feet wide.
3. Angkor Wat is considered to be the most magnificent temple

ever built by the Khmers. Made of sandstone, the pyramid-shaped
complex has several terraces and small buildings. Five towers
rise above these. The walls are covered with beautiful and intricate
carvings that depict Hindu mythology, especially stories about
the god Vishnu.
4. The Thai Empire conquered the Khmers in the 1400s and the city
of Angkor was abandoned. In about 1500, Buddhist monks began
to use the temple (and still do today). Few other people knew about
it, but there were rumors of an abandoned city. These rumors were
proved true when French missionaries came across Angkor Wat in
1860. A French botanist named Henri Mahout started restoration
work on the temple. The other buildings in the city had been taken
over by thick jungle.
5. Today, Angkor Wat is a symbol of Cambodia. Its image is on the

Cambodian flag and, in 1992, the United Nations declared it a World
Heritage Site. It is now Cambodia’s most popular tourist destination.
Damage from visitors has been kept to a minimum and foreign
government-sponsored archeologists continue to restore it.
Angkor Wat
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Angkor Wat means “Ancient Temple.”
2. Angkor Wat was built in the 12th century.
3. When Angkor Wat was built, it was dedicated to a Buddhist monk.
4. The Thai Empire expanded the city of Angkor.
5. Tourists have destroyed Angkor Wat.
B. Ask & Answer
1. Where is Angkor Wat located?
2. When was Angkor Wat built and for whom was it built?
3. Briefly describe Angkor Wat.
4. To whom was Angkor Wat dedicated?
5. How was the structure of Angkor Wat protected?
6. What happened when the Thai Empire conquered the Khmers?
7. Who was Henri Mahout?
Angkor Wat
Famous Places
Vocabulary Practice
A. Find the Word
Find a word from the story that means:
# Meaning Word
1 very old, from long ago
2 forms made by cutting away material from wood or stone
3 people sent to a foreign country to do religious work
4 a person who studies plants
5 land covered with thickly growing tropical vegetation
B. Choose the Correct Word
Choose the word or phrase with the closest meaning to

the underlined word or phrase in the following sentences.
1. Angkor Wat was dedicated 4. The rumors of an abandoned city were proved
to the Hindu god Vishnu. true when French missionaries came across
Angkor Wat.
a) belonged to
b) built by a) general talk
c) built in honor of b) ruins
c) riches
2. The complex is protected by a moat.
5. Government-sponsored archaeologists
a) carving
continue to restore Angkor Wat.
b) a large structure made up of several parts
c) country a) visit
b) examine
3. The walls are covered with beautiful, c) bring it back to good condition
intricate carvings that depict Hindu mythology.
a) very old
b) very detailed or complicated
c) interior
Angkor Wat
Famous Places
Discussion
1. Have you ever visited a World Heritage Site? If so, describe it.
2. Do you think it is important to restore and

preserve our historic sites? Why or why not?
3. What is the most popular tourist destination in your country?
4. What is the most magnificent structure you have ever seen?

Where is it? Describe it. Why was it built?
Discussion Starters
Hazing
“Hazing is the only way
fraternities can keep out the guys
who aren’t serious about joining.”
—Anonymous commenter online
Pre-Reading
1. Do you know what hazing means?
2. D
o schools in your country
have sorority or fraternity clubs?
3. D
o athletic teams in your country welcome
newcomers in a cruel or unusual way?
1. exclusive a) the act of causing (or the feeling of) shame and serious embarrassment
2. tolerate b) only open to one or a select few
3. hazing c) a ritual that involves the abuse and humiliation of new group members
4. mild d) to withstand pain or discomfort
5. orientation e) a process of introducing someone to something new
6. fraternity f) not very serious
7. sorority g) an exclusive university group for men (brotherhood)
8. assault h) away from the school grounds
9. humiliation i) a physical attack
10. torture j) an exclusive university group for women (sisterhood)
11. essential k) necessary
12. off-campus l) serious abuse that may cause a person to give in to demands
Hazing
Discussion Starters
Reading Comprehension
HAZING Discuss these questions in
What does it take to join the club? pairs, and write the answers
in your notebook.
1. ave you ever joined an exclusive club or team? Were you welcomed
H
openly, or did you have to prove yourself? In some clubs and groups, 1. hat two main types of
W
newcomers are abused rather than welcomed. The abuse can be abuse are mentioned?
physical or mental. To be accepted into the group, an individual must
2. What is the purpose of hazing?
tolerate the abuse. This is called hazing.
3. N
ame two “mild” forms of
2. ild forms of hazing are a typical part of orientation carried out by
M
hazing that are mentioned
leaders or long-term members. Examples include name-calling and
in the passage.
the assignment of dirty chores. New members might also be assigned
embarrassing names or costumes. 4. W
hy does the reading mention
fraternities and sororities?
iolent forms of hazing are common in fraternities, sororities, and
3. V
even some athletic clubs. Hazing may include assault, humiliation, or 5. W
hat example is given
torture. The withdrawal of essential needs, such as sleep, is a very as a form of torture in
common form of torture in a hazing ritual. Many universities are trying a hazing ritual?
to prevent hazing practices. This is difficult because the abuse usually
6. H
ow do some victims of
occurs off-campus and club members are sworn to secrecy. What
hazing feel after being kicked
happens when you quit or get kicked out of an exclusive club like this?
out of an exclusive club?
Some ex-members fear for their lives.
4. H
azing is also a common ritual in the military. Is boot camp
a form of hazing, or is it a necessary part of military training?
Discussion Questions
1. Would you join a club that practiced hazing?
2. In your opinion, which is worse: physical abuse or mental abuse?
3. Describe the last group that you joined. How did you feel as a newcomer?
4. What qualities should a leader have?
5. What would you do if you witnessed serious hazing?
Hazing
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Choose the Correct Response
Choose the correct response to each question or statement. This task can
also be done orally with a partner. Read the sentence and choices out loud.
1. here are you going to live

W 4. W
hat did your leader make
in your first year of university? you do on the first day?
a) Orientation is tomorrow. a) I don’t like being the leader.

b) Yes, I joined a sorority. b) We had to wear humiliating costumes.
c) I’m renting an apartment off-campus. c) No. Orientation starts on day two.
2. Are you going to join the sorority you talked about? 5. I heard three team members
got charged with assault.
a) No, I don’t like their hazing rituals.
b) Yes, the fraternity is accepting members. a) I’ll tell you if I hear anything.
c) My sister goes to that school. b) Yes, there was a hazing incident on the field.
c) I suffered mental abuse.
3. I told you to only bring your essential needs.
a) But I need my makeup!

b) That’s not necessary.
c) I am sworn to secrecy.
B. Odd One Out
Circle the word that does not belong. Write one

more word that does belong in each blank space.
1. a) abuse 3. a) hazing 5. a) withstand

b) mild b) violence b) humiliate
c) assault c) humiliation c) tolerate
d) torture d) welcome d) accept
2. a) essential 4. a) essential
b) necessary b) sorority
c) important c) club
d) orientation d) fraternity
Hazing
Discussion Starters
Listening – Gap Fill

 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2010/10/06/podcast-hazing/
HAZING
What does it take to join the club?
1. Have you ever joined an exclusive club or team? Were you welcomed
, or did you have to prove yourself? In some clubs
and groups, newcomers are abused rather than welcomed. The abuse
can be physical or . To be accepted into the group,
an individual must tolerate the abuse. This is called hazing.
2. M
ild forms of hazing are a typical part of orientation
by leaders or long-term members. Examples include name-calling and
the assignment of dirty chores. New members might also be assigned
names or costumes.
iolent forms of hazing are common in fraternities, sororities, and

3. V
even some athletic clubs. Hazing may include assault, humiliation,
or torture. The withdrawal of essential needs, such as sleep, is a
very common form of torture in a hazing . Many
universities are trying to prevent hazing practices. This is difficult
because the abuse usually occurs off-campus and club members are
. What happens when you quit or get
kicked out of an exclusive club like this? Some ex-members fear for
their lives.
4. H
azing is also a common ritual in the military. Is
a form of hazing, or is it a necessary part of military training?
4. boot camp
3. ritual, sworn to secrecy
2. carried out, embarrassing
1. openly, mental
ANSWERS:
Famous People
Pope John Paul II

Pre-Reading
1. What country was Pope John Paul II from?
2. How long do you think he was pope?
3. How many languages do you

think he was able to speak?
4. How many Roman Catholics

are there around the world?
5. What is Parkinson’s disease?
Match up as many words and meanings

as you can. Check this exercise again after
seeing the words in context on pages 2–3.
1. retired a) to change
2. strict b) the killing of an important person
3. athlete c) deadly
4. tragedy d) not working anymore
5. seminary e) a period of time
6. enroll f) demanding strong following of rules
7. ordain g) voting
8. fatal h) a training school for priests
9. reform i) the fall or ruin of something
10. balloting j) to make someone a priest
11. era k) a person who is good at sports
12. collapse l) a very sad experience
13. assassination m) to register
Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 1
Pope John Paul II
Famous People
Reading
1. Pope John Paul II was the 264th Holy Father of the world’s billion “As the family goes,
Roman Catholics. When he was named pope in October 1978, at the so goes the nation
age of 58, he became the youngest pope in 122 years, the first non-
Italian pope in 455 years, and the first-ever Polish pope.
and so goes the
whole world in
2. Pope John Paul II was born Karol Jozef Wojtyla on May 18, 1920, in the
southern Polish town of Wadowice. His father was a retired army
which we live.”
officer and his mother was a schoolteacher. Both were strict Catholics. —Pope John Paul II
3. As a schoolboy, Wojtyla was both an excellent student and an athlete

who skied, hiked, kayaked, and swam. However, Wojtyla’s youth was
marked by personal tragedy. His entire family, including an infant
sister, brother, mother, and father all died before he was 22.
4. In his youth, Wojtyla’s passions were poetry, religion, and the theater.
After graduating from high school in 1938, Wojtyla enrolled at
Jagiellonian University to study literature and philosophy. During
the war and the German occupation of Poland, he worked in a stone
quarry doing heavy physical labor. In this same period, Wojtyla also
became a member of the Polish underground and studied secretly at a
Polish seminary.
5. In November 1946, just after the war ended, Wojtyla was ordained a
priest. Over the next few years, he continued his studies and earned
two master’s degrees as well as two doctorates in theology and
philosophy. Wojtyla was also skilled at learning foreign languages, a
gift that greatly helped him on the many journeys he later undertook
as pope. He spoke seven languages in addition to his native Polish.
6. In 1954, he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Catholic

University in Lublin and, in 1964, he became Archbishop of Krakow.
From there, he rose quickly through the ranks of the church. He
soon became a part of the Polish delegation to the Second Vatican
Council and became involved in extensive reform of the church.
His participation caught the attention of bishops around the world.
7. In 1967, at the age of 47, he was named Cardinal Archbishop of Krakow.

When Pope John Paul I died in 1978, after only 33 days in the papacy,
the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church were looking for someone
who was an able administrator and someone who had direct contact
with the masses. After seven rounds of balloting, the relatively young
and healthy Karol Wojtyla was named pope. Out of respect for his
predecessor, he chose the name John Paul II.
Pope John Paul II
Famous People
Reading cont.
8. During his papacy, it was not enough for John Paul to tend to church
affairs. He traveled around the world, speaking about human
rights and the importance of helping the world’s poorer countries.
9. Whenever he spoke, he attracted huge crowds, often in the millions.

During his first official visit to his native Poland, the pope inspired
ideas of freedom and justice among his fellow Poles, and this was the
beginning of the collapse of communism in Europe. When John Paul
traveled to the Holy Land in 2000, he appealed to Christians, Jews, and
Muslims to remember their common spirituality and called for a new
era of peace and understanding.
10. Although some in the church criticized John Paul for his conservative
views including his rejection of birth control and his refusal to allow
priests to marry, the worldwide Catholic membership grew from
700 million to over one billion during his papacy. John Paul will be
remembered as the pope who changed history and shaped the
lives of millions of people around the world with his spirituality,
compassion, and moral strength.
11. In 1981, John Paul survived a near fatal assassination attempt, but
over the years his health began to deteriorate with Parkinson’s disease.
However, even as his health worsened in his later years, his popularity
soared. When he died on April 1, 2005, at the age of 84, millions of
followers from around the world came to pay their final respects to
this man who had such a great influence on shaping the world.
Pope John Paul II
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?

‘ 1. Pope John Paul II was the youngest pope in history.
2. Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope.
3. John Paul II spoke eight languages.
4. John Paul II helped bring about the fall of communism in Europe.
5. John Paul II agreed to allow priests to marry.
B. Ask & Answer
1. Where was Karol Wojtyla from?
2. What personal tragedy did he experience in his youth?
3. What did he do during the war years?
4. Why was his ability to learn languages helpful when he became pope?
5. How did Wojtyla become well-known to bishops around the world?
6. Why did Karol Wojtyla choose the

name John Paul II when he became pope?
7. Explain in your own words what happened to John Paul II in 1981?
8. In what ways did John Paul II have a great impact on the world?
Pope John Paul II
Famous People
Vocabulary Practice
1. During the German occupation of Poland, 5. Out of respect for his predecessor, he chose
he worked in a stone quarry. the name John Paul II.
a) job a) teacher
b) control b) the one who
c) fighting came before him
c) priest
2. His passions were poetry, religion, and the theater.
6. He inspired ideas of freedom and justice.
a) courses
b) students a) encouraged
c) great loves b) read about
c) didn’t believe in
3. D
uring the war, he was a member
of the Polish underground. 7. His health deteriorated due to Parkinson’s disease.
a) secret group fighting against the army a) improved

b) tunnel b) examined
c) government c) got worse
4. He rose through the ranks of 8. As his health got worse, his popularity soared.
the church very quickly.
a) went down
a) awoke early b) increased greatly
b) advanced, moved up through c) changed
c) studied
Discussion
1. How did Pope John Paul II play a part
in the fall of communism in Europe?
2. Why do some people think John Paul’s views were too conservative?
3. Do you think religion is becoming more

or less important in our everyday lives?
4. Why do you think the worldwide membership in the

Catholic Church increased so much during John Paul’s papacy?
Famous Places
The Panama Canal

Pre-Reading
1. Look at a world map and find the Panama

Canal. How did the building of this canal
change world shipping transportation?
2. Do you know when the Panama

Canal was officially opened?
3. How long do you think it took to build the canal?
4. What kinds of problems do you think

were involved in the building of this canal?
5. How many ships do you think

pass through the canal every year?
Match up as many meanings and words as you can.

Check this exercise again after seeing the words
in context on page 2.
1. abandon a) to assume control

2. tow b) movement forward, improvement
3. locomotive c) reproducing, making more
4. poisonous d) to let water flow away, to empty water
5. progress e) to pull
6. swamp f) an action showing great skill
7. drain g) part of a canal that can be closed off with gates
8. breeding h) to go away from
9. cruise i) toxic, causing death or injury
10. feat j) an engine used for pulling
11. take over k) soft and wet land
12. lock l) to travel by sea
Copyright 2017, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T / V E R S I O N 2 .1) 1
The Panama Canal
Famous Places
Reading
1. The Panama Canal is a waterway that crosses the Central American
country of Panama and connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
“A finer body of
Ships can pass from one ocean to the other without making the long men has never been
journey around the tip of South America. The canal opened officially gathered by any
on August 15, 1914. nation than the
2. From the Atlantic, ships pass through a set of locks that raise them men who have done
85 feet (about 26 meters) above sea level to a lake. After passing the work of building
through the lake, they are lowered to the Pacific through another
series of locks. Small locomotives tow them through the locks, which
the Panama Canal...”
are paired so ships can pass in both directions. The canal is 51 miles —Theodore Roosevelt
(about 82 kilometers) long, and ships take about 15 hours to pass
through it.
3. A French company began digging the Panama Canal on

January 20, 1882. By the time it abandoned the project in 1888,
thousands of workers had died in floodwater or mudslides, or
from the extreme heat, poisonous snakebites, or tropical diseases.
The company had spent over $285 million to build 11 miles
(about 18 kilometers) of the canal.
4. The United States government took over its construction in 1904,

but little progress was made in the first year. In 1905, John Stevens
became project leader and made two important changes. First,
he had swamps drained to prevent disease-carrying mosquitoes
from breeding, and he made sure that workers were safely housed
and well fed. Second, he changed the building plan from a sea-level
canal to a lock-based canal. Nine years later, the canal was finished.
5. The canal took 34 years to build and cost over $600 million. Of the
80,000 people who worked on it, over 30,000 died while doing so.
6. Today, over 14,000 ships pass through the Panama Canal each year.
This includes cruise ships carrying thousands of tourists who want
to see one of the greatest engineering feats in the world.
The Panama Canal
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. A French company started the original work on the Panama Canal.
2. The French government completed the construction of the Panama Canal.
3. It takes about 51 hours for a ship to pass through the Panama Canal.
4. Thousands of people lost their lives during the building of this canal.
5. Ships can only pass through the locks in one direction at a time.
B. Ask & Answer
1. How did ships pass from the Atlantic to the

Pacific before the Panama Canal was built?
2. Explain briefly how ships pass through the Panama Canal.
3. How long is the canal and how long

does it take for ships to pass through it?
4. Why did the original French company abandon the project?
5. What two changes did John Stevens make

when he became the project leader?
6. How long did it take to build the Panama Canal

and what was the cost?
7. Why do many tourists want to see the Panama Canal?
The Panama Canal
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review
1. The company president is very sick now, so his son is going to for him.
2. She studies hard every night. She is making great in her schoolwork.
3. The engineer driving the was

injured when the truck went through the railway crossing.
4. Swamps are grounds for mosquitoes.
5. Last year he climbed Mount Everest. What an amazing !
6. You should keep all cleaning supplies

in a locked cupboard or a cupboard that the children cannot reach.
7. Even though Robert is planning to get a divorce, he will never his children.
8. My kitchen sink will not . I have to call a plumber to fix it.
9. Last year we went skiing for our holiday. This year we

are planning a Mediterranean .
10. My car broke down on the way to work. I had to call a truck.
Discussion
1. Have you ever been on a boat that has traveled through locks?
If so, describe the situation to your classmates.
2. The building of the Panama Canal cost thousands of human lives.

What other construction projects around the world have also
resulted in many deaths?
3. The Panama Canal is considered one of the greatest engineering

feats in the world. Name several others. Where are they located?
4. Do you think the Panama Canal would have

been completed if John Stevens hadn’t improved the
working conditions for the people working on the project?
Discussion Starters
Extreme
Sports
Pre-Reading
1. What are the X Games? If you don’t know, guess!
2. What do you think is the most dangerous sport?
3. In sports, is too much money spent on advertising?
4. W
hat’s the difference between skateboarding,
wakeboarding, and snowboarding?
1. cliff a) a type of jump in which you go all the way over yourself
2. flip b) an alternative or different type of the original
3. version c) hurt
4. Generation Y d) traditional
5. conventional e) to remove some of the value
6. injured f) a group of people born in the ‘80s and ‘90s
7. root for g) a dangerous or risky trick
8. adrenaline rush h) a sport in which you ride the waves behind a boat
9. stunt i) to cheer for, to encourage to do well
10. marketing j) convincing people to buy products and services
11. wakeboarding k) the feeling you get when you try something dangerous
12. take away from l) an edge that is very high off the ground
Extreme Sports
Discussion Starters
Reading
EXTREME SPORTS
What a rush!
1. ave you jumped from an airplane or ridden

H 3. E
xtreme sports are typically individual sports.
your bike off a cliff? Could you do a flip on Despite being in competition, athletes often
skis? Extreme sports are growing more popular root for their own competitors. These athletes
by the day. This is partly due to the X Games. enjoy the feeling of an adrenaline rush. You
The X Games is an extreme version of the will hear them say, “That was a rush!” after they
Olympics. Generation Y loves to play and successfully complete a stunt or landing.
watch alternative sports.
lot of money is spent marketing alternative
4. A
2. T
hese types of competitions are considered more sports like snowboarding, skateboarding, and
dangerous than conventional ones. This may not wakeboarding. Some athletes feel the extreme
be true. Hockey is not an extreme sport, but many advertising takes away from the actual sport.
athletes get injured on the ice.
Comprehension
Discuss these questions in pairs, and write the answers below.
Use your notebook if you need more room.
1. What are the X Games? 4. W

hat feeling do extreme athletes
have after completing a stunt?
2. W
hich group of people 5. W
hy do some athletes dislike all of the
popularized extreme sports? marketing surrounding extreme sports?
3. What does the reading say about hockey?
Extreme Sports
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Complete the Sentences B. Word Placement
Complete each sentence with the correct Where does the word in italics belong in the sentence?
word from the vocabulary list on page 1. Circle the correct letter.
1. Pressure from parents 1. a

drenaline rush
organized children’s sports. Some athletes a enjoy the b of flying
through the c air on a d bicycle.
2. feels a
bit like skateboarding on the water. 2. c onventional
Though boxing a is a b sport,
3. Riding down a mountain on a bicycle with no
it is c still dangerous for the athletes.
hands is a difficult .
3. marketing
4. It is common to
Sporting a goods companies spend
the athlete from your hometown.
b a lot of money c clothing and
5. The skateboarder was footwear related to extreme sports d .
after trying to his board.
4. cliff
6. is a diving is an b example of
younger than Generation X. an extreme c sport that can result
in serious d injuries.
5. v ersions
Extreme a sports are often b
dangerous c of a conventional sport
such as d skiing.
Discussion Class Opinion

1. Do you like watching videos of dangerous Make a chart out of the following questions.
stunts, or would you rather try them yourself? Survey your classmates and record their answers.
2. Do you believe the human body was designed

1. Name a conventional sport that
for extreme sports? Why or why not?
is as dangerous as an extreme sport.
3. Do you push yourself to the “extreme”
2. Do you think more and more extreme
in any type of activity? Which one?
sports will be added as Olympic events?
4. Do the most dangerous sports take place in
3. Does marketing take away from some sports?
the air, water, dirt, or snow? Explain your choice.
Famous People
Thomas Edison
Pre-Reading
1. Do you know when the

electric light bulb was invented?
2. How did people send long-distance messages

before the invention of fax machines and email?
3. What is a phonograph?
4. If you invent something, how can

you protect your invention so that
other people cannot steal your idea?
5. Do you think most inventors become very rich?

1. invent a) an official protection of one’s invention
2. former b) rich
3. hire c) a lot of
4. partner d) to keep in good condition
5. improve e) previous, from an earlier time
6. wealthy f) to give, to join with others in helping
7. contribute g) to create or make something new
8. patent h) a person who owns a business with someone else
9. a great deal of i) to employ, to give work to
10. preserve j) to make better
Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. (I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 1
Thomas Edison
Famous People
Reading
1. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb, “Genius is
the modern telephone, and motion pictures. one percent
2. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. He was inspiration and
taught at home by his mother, a former teacher. At 15, he became
a telegraph operator. In 1868, he moved to Boston to work for the
ninety-nine percent
Western Union Telegraph Company. perspiration.”
—Thomas Edison
3. About 1864, Edison invented an automatic telegraph repeater, his
first invention. His first patent was for an electric vote recorder. By
1869, he was a partner in a New York electrical firm. He used the
money he made in that business to buy a factory in New Jersey. He
then hired several scientists to invent or improve on many products,
including the typewriter. This business was very successful and he
became wealthy. He sold the factory in 1875.
4. Edison made many improvements to the telegraph, which he then

applied to the telephone to make it more usable. In 1876, he set up
another factory in New Jersey and hired scientists to work on new
inventions under his direction.
5. From 1877 to 1931, Edison and his team of scientists made many
discoveries. In 1877, Edison invented the phonograph, which
made him a great deal of money. In 1878, he began working
on an electric light bulb. The Edison Electric Light Company was
soon mass-producing these lights. He also came up with ways to
generate and distribute the electricity to power these light bulbs.
6. In 1895, Edison improved the motion picture projector, and

the Edison Company eventually produced more than 1,700
motion pictures. During the First World War, he contributed
45 new inventions to the war effort, including an underwater
searchlight and a ship-telephone system.
7. In his lifetime, Edison took out over 1,000 patents on his inventions.
He slept only four hours a night and often worked for two or three
days without stopping. He died on October 18, 1931, in West Orange,
New Jersey. Edison’s laboratory buildings and equipment have
been preserved.
Thomas Edison
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False? B. Ask & Answer
Read the statements below. If the statement is true, Practice asking and answering the following
write T beside the sentence. If it is false, write F and questions with your partner. Then write your
correct the information in your notebook. answers in complete sentences in your notebook.
1. Thomas Edison owned 1. What was Thomas Edison’s first job?

Western Union Telegraph. 2. What were two of Edison’s earliest inventions?
2. Thomas Edison’s mother 3. Why did Edison hire several scientists
was once a teacher. when he bought his New Jersey factory?
3. Thomas Edison’s first invention 4. How did Edison become a wealthy man?
was the electric light bulb.
5. After Edison invented the electric light
4. Thomas Edison was a great inventor. bulb, what did his company start to do?
5. Thomas Edison was born in Italy. 6. How did Edison contribute
to the First World War effort?
7. List eight products that Edison

either invented or improved.
Vocabulary Practice
A. Complete the Sentences

1. If you take your medicine and get lots of rest, your health will quickly.
2. Bill Clinton is a president of the United States.
3. Most famous actors are very and own very expensive homes.
4. He wants to close the business, but his wants to try and keep it open.
5. The ABC Company is planning to 20 new workers. You should apply.
Thomas Edison
Famous People
Vocabulary Practice cont.


1. Edison made improvements 3. He came up with 5. During the First World War,
to the telephone to make it ways to generate and he contributed 45 new
more usable. distribute electricity. inventions to the war effort.
a) smaller a) walked a) airplanes

b) easier to use b) created b) telephone system
c) louder c) bought c) trying very hard
to do something
2. He set up another 4. He came up with ways
factory in New Jersey. to distribute the electricity
to power these light bulbs.
a) looked for
b) closed a) buy
c) started b) create
c) send out
Discussion
1. What did people use for light before
the invention of electric light bulbs?
2. Have you ever spent any length of time

without electricity? Describe your situation.
3. What personal characteristics do you think many inventors share?
4. What do you think has been the greatest

invention in the last few centuries?
5. How long do you think a patent should last?
Famous Places
Niagara Falls
Pre-Reading
1. Have you ever been to Niagara Falls or seen a

picture of it? Do you know where it is located?
2. Do you know of any other waterfalls

that are world-famous tourist attractions?
3. Do you know what a daredevil is?

If not, can you guess the meaning of this word?
4. Do you know which two countries

control the land around Niagara Falls?
5. Have you ever seen a tightrope walker at a circus?

1. border a) an agreement between countries

2. tourist attraction b) water moving quickly in a circle
3. glacier c) a round container made of wood
4. expose d) the place that a person is going to
5. escarpment e) to separate, to split up
6. steep f) a huge mountain of ice
7. whirlpool g) a journey or trip of exploration
8. rapids h) a popular place to visit
9. expedition i) rising or falling sharply, having a big slope
10. barrel j) to uncover
11. treaty k) a line dividing two countries
12. divide l) a steep slope or cliff separating two areas of different levels
13. destination m) a place in a river where a steep slope causes the water to flow fast
Niagara Falls
Famous Places
Reading
1. Niagara Falls lies on the international border between the United “It’s one of the
States and Canada. Both Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, most beautiful
Ontario are said to be home to one of the most famous tourist
attractions in North America.
natural wonders
2. The falls were created more than 10,000 years ago when a retreating
in the world.
glacier exposed the Niagara escarpment, a long steep-sided Who wouldn’t want
ridge, and allowed water from Lake Erie to flow into Lake Ontario. to walk across it?”
The escarpment has slowly eroded, forming the 11-kilometer-long —Nik Wallenda, tightrope walker
(seven-mile-long) Niagara Gorge with the Whirlpool Rapids.
3. The American falls are more than 51 meters (167 feet) high
and 320 meters (1,050 feet) wide. The Canadian falls, or the
Horseshoe falls, are almost as high and more than twice as wide.
4. The earliest recorded description of the falls appeared in 1697,

written by a man by the name of Louis Hennepin. Hennepin had
seen the falls when he traveled on an expedition in 1678 with French
explorer Robert Cavelier. During the 19th century, daredevils tried to
travel over the falls in barrels, boats, and with rubber balls. In 1859,
the Great Blondin performed on a tightrope above the falls. Visitors
can learn more about the history of the falls by visiting the Niagara
Falls Museum in Niagara Falls, New York.
5. The governments of the United States and Canada control the

use of the land in the surrounding area, and much of it has been
turned into parks. They also control the use of the water for
important hydroelectric power. In 1950, the Niagara Diversion
Treaty outlined that a minimum flow would be kept for the falls,
and that the remaining flow would be divided equally between
the United States and Canada.
6. The power and beauty of the American and the Canadian falls
continue to amaze visitors and make Niagara Falls a popular
destination for tourists from around the world.
Niagara Falls
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Niagara Falls is a famous tourist attraction in both the US and Canada.
2. Niagara Falls is only 1,000 years old.
3. The American Falls are wider than the Canadian Falls.
4. The Great Blondin was a 19th century daredevil.
5. Only United States can use water from Niagara Falls.
B. Ask & Answer
Practice asking and answering the following questions with

your partner. Then write your answers in complete sentences.
1. Where is Niagara Falls located? 4. W

hat were some of the methods used
by daredevils who tried to cross the falls?
2. Explain briefly how the falls were created. 5. W

ho controls the use of the land in
the area surrounding Niagara Falls?
3. W
ho was the first person to write a description 6. What is the Niagara Diversion Treaty?
of Niagara Falls, and when did this happen?
Niagara Falls
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review
1. he falls were created when a retreating

T 4. D
uring the 19th century, daredevils tried
glacier exposed the Niagara escarpment. to travel over the falls in barrels and boats.
a) huge a) sailors
b) growing bigger b) people who love to travel
c) moving back c) people who like to do dangerous things
2. T
he escarpment has slowly eroded, 5. The power and beauty of Niagara
forming the 11-kilometer-long Niagara Gorge. Falls continue to amaze visitors.
a) gradually became smaller or wore away a) make very scared

b) blown up b) fill with great surprise or wonder
c) built up slowly over time c) cost a lot of money
3. The earliest recorded description

of the falls appeared in 1697.
a) written
b) musical
c) picture
Discussion
1. Niagara Falls is often called the Honeymoon Capital of Canada.
What do you think this means? What are some other famous
honeymoon destinations around the world?
2. What personal characteristics do daredevils share? Do you know

of any famous daredevils? What have they done? Do you like to do
dangerous things? If so, describe some of the things you like to do.
3. What are some of the most popular tourist destinations in your

country? Have you visited any of these? If so, what were your favorites?
Discussion Starters
Mom-and-Pop
Shops
Pre-Reading
1. Where do you do most of your shopping?
2. Do you pay more for better quality goods?
3. Do you support local businesses?
4. W
hat is your favorite shop
in your nearest downtown area?

1. far-fetched a) only liking or selecting certain items
2. chain store b) going from store to store to find the best prices and products
3. comparison shopping c) exactly the same
4. match d) a family or locally run small business
5. mom-and-pop shop e) not likely to happen
6. stay afloat f) to remain in business in difficult times
7. identical g) a well-known shop found in many major cities and towns
8. mass-produced h) the least expensive
9. picky i) made in large amounts at one time
10. economical j) to offer something equal
Mom-and-Pop Shops
Discussion Starters
Reading
MOM-AND-POP SHOPS
Is “shopping local” worth it?
1. Can you imagine doing all of your shopping in one store? This is not “The history of retail
as far-fetched as it sounds. Chain stores such as Walmart make is one of prices
this possible. You don’t even need to do comparison shopping.
These big box stores offer the lowest prices. In other words, they
getting lower in
will match any price you could get at a mom-and-pop shop. exchange for fewer
2. Small businesses have a difficult time staying afloat in today’s
and fewer steps
marketplace. When a new store like Walmart opens, a nearby shop between producer
often closes down. Local bookstores are a prime example. Would you and consumer.”
pay more for an identical book at an independent bookstore?
—Alex Marshall, author
3. It’s a different story when it comes to handmade products.
Some consumers prefer one-of-a-kind products over mass-produced
goods. They refuse to support organized retail regardless of the
prices. These shoppers want better quality goods and would rather
spend their hard-earned money to keep a local shop in business.
4. Others cannot afford to be picky. One-stop shopping is

more convenient and economical for modern families.
Comprehension
1. In this reading, what is the opposite of a chain store?
2. How do chain stores make consumers’ lives easier?
3. Why does the reading mention independent bookstores?
4. Why do some people refuse to shop at big box stores?
5. How does the reading conclude?
Mom-and-Pop Shops
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review

1. Do some before you buy an expensive item like a TV.
2. The price at the counter did not the ticket price.
3. Toys that are may lack in quality.
4. are very common in the suburbs of a big city because this is where families live.
5. If you want your shop to in this town, you need to provide products for the elderly.

1. My picky child will not eat 3. The chairs are identical, 5. Our downtown core is full
fruits or vegetables unless but they are much cheaper of mom-and-pop shops that
they are well blended. at the department store. have been passed on from
generation to generation.
a) troublesome a) ideal
b) angry b) overpriced a) ice cream parlors
c) delicious c) very comfortable b) eateries
d) selective d) exactly the same c) family businesses
d) chain stores
2. It is far-fetched to think that 4. The most economical way
the small bookstore will be to buy groceries is to buy in
able to compete with the bulk when items are on sale.
discount depot.
a) logical
a) high b) common
b) impractical c) convenient
c) unfair d) inexpensive
d) long-distance
Mom-and-Pop Shops
Discussion Starters
Discussion
1. If there was only one store in the world, what would you want it to be? Why?
2. Do chain stores offer poor quality goods in your country?
3. Would you rather work in a mom-and-pop shop or a chain store? Why?
4. Do chain stores pay workers a fair salary in your country?
5. Is Amazon more of a threat to big box stores or small businesses?
Class Opinion
Will independent What do you

Where do you get the
book and music sometimes buy
Classmate’s name: best shopping deals
stores become from mom-and-pop
in your hometown?
non-existent? shops?
Mom-and-Pop Shops
Discussion Starters
Listening
 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2018/03/07/podcast-mom-and-pop-shops/
MOM-AND-POP SHOPS
Is it worth it to support local businesses?
1. Can you imagine doing all of your shopping in one store? This is not
as as it sounds.
such as Walmart make this possible. You don’t even need to do
comparison shopping. These big box stores offer the lowest prices.
In other words, they will match any price you could get at a
mom-and-pop shop.
2. Small businesses have a difficult time staying

in today’s marketplace. When a new store like Walmart opens, a nearby
shop often closes down. Local bookstores are a prime example.
Would you pay more for an book at
an independent bookstore?
3. It’s a different story when it comes to handmade

products. Some consumers prefer one-of-a-kind products
over goods. They refuse to support
organized regardless of the prices.
These shoppers want better quality goods and would rather
spend their hard-earned money to keep a local shop in business.
4. Others cannot afford to be .

One-stop shopping is more convenient and
for modern families.
Famous People
Robin Williams
In this lesson, you will read a short biography about
the famous American comedian, Robin Williams.
You will practice some new vocabulary and learn
funny expressions related to laughter.
Pre-Reading
1. What makes you laugh?
2. Who is the funniest person in your life?
3. What is your favorite comedy TV show or movie?
4. What do you know about Robin Williams?

1. sitcom a) the overuse of drugs and/or alcohol

2. impersonation b) laughing very hard
3. stand-up show c) to make people happy, to cheer people up
4. in stitches d) a one-man comedy performance before a live audience

e) a strong feeling of sadness, loneliness, or hopelessness
5. prestigious
f) to go and see someone or something (often unexpectedly)
6. spin-off
g) the use of one’s voice and gestures to pretend to be someone else
7. ad-lib
h) exclusive, only available to the most talented, intelligent, or wealthy
8. gig
i) to make up the script on the spot
9. lift people’s spirits
j) a by-product (such as a related TV show) of something bigger
10. pay a visit
k) a job (sometimes short term) often related to one’s talent
11. substance abuse
l) short for situation comedy, a funny TV show
12. depression about a set group of characters
Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T – H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 3 . 0) 1
Robin Williams
Famous People
Reading
1. Robin Williams was an American comedian who starred in sitcoms, “You’re only
films, and live stand-up shows. His jokes, impersonations, and given a little
characters always left his audience in stitches. For many years,
Robin Williams was considered “the funniest man alive.”
spark of madness.
You mustn’t lose it.”
2. obin Williams was born in Chicago, Illinois, on July 21, 1951. He
R
—Robin Williams
was a shy boy who spent much of his childhood in his basement.
To entertain himself, he made up different voices. While taking a
drama class in high school, Robin Williams learned that he could
make people laugh. In 1973, he was accepted into a prestigious
arts program at the Juilliard School in New York. His roommate
was Christopher Reeve, later known as “Superman.”
3. O
ne of the first comedic roles Robin Williams played was “Mork from
Ork” in the sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–1982). This was a spin-off from
the hit TV series Happy Days. Mork was an alien who arrived on Earth
in an egg. The TV audience fell in love with his character. Much of his
best work was unscripted. Throughout the ‘70s and ‘80s, Williams
developed his art as a stand-up comedian.
4. R
obin Williams also had a successful film career. He starred in
several award-winning films, including Good Morning Vietnam (1987),
Dead Poets Society (1989), and Good Will Hunting (1997). From Peter Pan
to Popeye, Williams brought a comedic element to every role he played.
He was also one of the best voice actors in the industry. His ad-libbed
performance as the genie in Disney’s Aladdin (1992) inspired many
actors to lend their voices to animated films.
5. R
obin Williams was a kid at heart. He loved video games and named
his daughter after Princess Zelda. He also owned over 50 bicycles.
Outside of his regular acting gigs, he took the time to lift people’s
spirits. He cheered up Steven Spielberg while the director was working
on depressing scenes in Schindler’s List. He also paid a surprise visit to
Christopher Reeve after the actor’s horseback-riding accident. Williams
used humor to convince his buddy that things would be okay. He also
performed stand-up routines for military troops.
6. D
espite the joy and laughter Robin Williams brought to his friends
and fans, he suffered greatly from substance abuse and depression.
Robin Williams committed suicide in his home on August 11, 2014, at
the age of 63. He once told an interviewer that he hoped his work
on Earth would earn him front-row seats to an Elvis/Mozart concert
when and if he got to heaven.
Robin Williams
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True, False, or Not Mentioned?
Read the statements below. Write T if the statement is true.

Write F if the statement is false and correct the information
in your notebook. Write NM if the fact is not mentioned.
1. In his graduating year at high school, Robin Williams was voted “funniest person.”
2. Robin Williams was friends with cyclist Lance Armstrong.
3. Robin Williams is best known for his role in the hit film Superman.
4. The voice of the prince in Disney’s Aladdin was played by Robin Williams.
5. Robin Williams often performed stand-up comedy routines for the military.
B. Ask & Answer
Then write the answers in complete sentences in your notebook.
1. What did you learn about Robin Williams’s childhood from the reading?
2. What type of character was “Mork”?
3. Which animated role did Robin Williams ad-lib?
4. Why does the reading mention the military?
5. How does the reading end?
Robin Williams
Famous People
Vocabulary Review
Complete the sentences with a word or expression from the vocabulary on page 1.
1. I need to to my grandmother. I haven’t seen her in months.
2. My uncle plays golf at a golf club. Only members are allowed to play that course.
3. The dancing baby had us at the party. He had some really funny moves.
4. I watch comedies when I’m feeling depressed. Comedies .
5. He wrote a speech, but he didn’t stick to it. He the whole thing.
B. Choose the Closest Meaning
Choose the answer with the closest meaning to

the underlined words in the following sentences.
1. My band has a gig at the local tavern on Friday. 4. The comedian from Pakistan
does the best stand-up routines.
a) friend
b) concert a) impersonation
c) meeting b) improv
c) live comedy
2. Listening to music always lifts my spirits.
5. Let’s grab some popcorn and watch a sitcom.
a) depresses me
b) cheers me up a) funny TV show
c) makes me laugh b) award-winning film
c) a stand-up show
3. My brother does a good
impersonation of the president. 6. The alcoholic went to a special clinic
to get over his substance abuse.
a) job
b) imitation a) emotions
c) joke b) drug user
c) alcoholism
Robin Williams
Famous People
Laugh Yourself Silly

A. Guess the Meanings
Work with a partner. Look at the following phrases containing the

word “laugh.” What do you think they mean? Come up with a definition
for each expression.
# Phrase My Guess
1 laugh track
2 laugh your head off
3 laughing stock
4 laugh off
5 burst out laughing
6 have the last laugh
7 no laughing matter
8 laughed out of court
B. Listen & Share
Listen to your teacher give you the real definitions. Were you correct?
Were you close? Share your silly guesses with your classmates.
Discussion
1. oes it surprise you that such a funny
D
person could suffer from severe depression?
2. Does comedy help lift your spirits when you are feeling down?
3. How important are voice actors in animated films?
4. R
obin Williams once told an interviewer that Americans tend to “mythologize”
the dead. What do you think he meant by that? Do you agree?
Robin Williams
Famous People
Improv
The word “improv” is short for “improvisation.” When comedians
improvise, they don’t follow a script. Work together to create
some prompts for improv skits, and then have fun improvising!
A. Create Prompts B. Improvise!
1. ear a blank piece of paper into three strips.

T 1. ne student (Student A) will volunteer to go first.
O
Write one of the following categories on each Student A will pick a piece of paper from the
strip: Character, Actions, or Settings. Character container. If there are two characters
on the slip, the student will choose one partner
2. O
n the back of each strip,
(Student B). If there are three characters, the
write a prompt for your classmates.
student will choose two students (Students B
Strip 1: Characters and C) to come up to the front for the improv.
Write two or three characters.
2. S
tudent B (or Students B and C) will choose
Example: a doctor, a nurse, and a clown
slips from the other two containers (Actions
Strip 2: Actions and Settings).
Write one action word.
3. T
he students will then begin acting out a scene
Example: swimming, skateboarding, watching TV...
based on their three prompts. This is “improv,”
Strip 3: Settings which means there is NO time to prepare a skit.
Write one setting.
4. T
he rest of the class will try to figure out who
Example: Hawaii, a school, a football field...
the characters are, what they are doing, and
3. Y
our teacher will collect the Characters, Actions, where they are doing it. Classmates can raise
and Settings in three separate containers. their hands to take a guess.
Famous Places
Mount Kilimanjaro
Pre-Reading
1. Do you know where Mount Kilimanjaro is located?
2. What is a volcano? What is a glacier?
3. What do you think the height of Mount Kilimanjaro is?
4. Why do you think Mount

Kilimanjaro is losing its glaciers?
5. When do you think Mount Kilimanjaro first

started to attract the attention of foreigners?

1. border a) a person sent to a foreign country to do religious work

2. equator b) to change to fit a new situation
3. burst c) something that narrows to a point from a round, flat base
4. summit d) a line dividing two countries
5. attract e) earth that is very good for growing plants
6. cone f) the highest point, the peak
7. eruption g) a usual natural place of growth of plants and animals
8. current h) the imaginary line around the center of the earth
9. slave trader i) a slanting line, the side of a hill or mountain
10. fertile soil j) a person who buys and sells people
11. missionary k) to explode, to break out with a lot of force
12. slope l) of the present time
13. expedition m) to get the attention or interest of someone
14. adapt n) a trip of exploration or discovery
15. habitat o) the explosion of a volcano
Mount Kilimanjaro
Famous Places
Reading
1. Mount Kilimanjaro lies on the border of Tanzania and Kenya, There is a book
three degrees south of the equator. On a clear day, snowcapped in a wooden box
Mount Kilimanjaro can be seen from more than 100 miles
(160 kilometers) away.
at the top of Kibo
2. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa, the highest freestanding
where climbers
mountain in the world, and one of the largest volcanoes ever to burst leave stories of
through the earth’s surface. their adventure.
3. The three summits of Mount Kilimanjaro are Shira, Kibo, and Mawenzi.
Shira and Mawenzi both have eroded and only jagged peaks remain.
Kibo, the central and highest peak, has survived as an almost perfect
cone. Since reaching a height thought to be 19,356 feet (5,900 meters)
during its last major eruption 360,000 years ago, glaciers, rivers,
and landslides have eroded Kibo to its current height of 19,340 feet
(5,895 meters). Kilimanjaro is thought to be losing its glaciers due
to global warming.
4. It is unlikely that early man was attracted to the steep and cold
slopes of Kilimanjaro when it was active and dangerous. Arab and
Chinese traders and historians mentioned a giant mountain lying
inland from Zanzibar, but few early traders traveled into the interior
of the continent. Slave traders passed below Kilimanjaro and raided
villages located on the fertile volcanic soil around the base of the
mountain. But there was no real interest in the mountain until the
middle of the 19th century.
5. In 1848, Johann Rebmann, a missionary from Germany, saw

Mount Kilimanjaro while crossing the plains of Tsavo. His guide
told tales of porters who were sent up the mountain to bring
back silver and treasures from the summit, and returned with
only water. Rebmann’s report, published in 1849, created great
interest in Germany. Several expeditions were organized, first by
Baron von Decken and later by Dr. Hans Meyer, who finally stood
on the highest point on October 5, 1889.
6. Mount Kilimanjaro now attracts many thousands of walkers each

year. Tourists who come to climb are surprised by the distinct bands
of trees, shrubs, and flowering plants that change with the elevation.
Because certain plants will only grow at certain altitudes, Kilimanjaro
changes from lush rain forests to permanent ice fields. Animals that
have adapted to mountain life live within these different habitats.
Mount Kilimanjaro
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Asia.
2. Kibo is the highest of Mount Kilimanjaro’s three peaks.
3. Mount Kilimanjaro is a dangerous, active volcano.
4. Real interest in Mount Kilimanjaro didn’t begin until the 1800s.
5. Different plants grow at different elevations on Mount Kilimanjaro.
B. Ask & Answer
1. Where is Mount Kilimanjaro located?
2. Why is Mount Kilimanjaro world famous?
3. Briefly describe the three summits of Mount Kilimanjaro.
4. Why is Mount Kilimanjaro thought to be losing its glaciers?
5. Why did few foreigners know about Mount Kilimanjaro before the 1800s?
6. How did the people of Germany become interested in Mount Kilimanjaro?
Mount Kilimanjaro
Famous Places
Vocabulary Practice
1. It is unlikely that early man 3. Shira and Mawenzi 5. Kilimanjaro changes

was attracted to the steep both have eroded and from lush rain forests
slopes of Kilimanjaro. only jagged peaks remain. to permanent ice fields.
a) hated a) very smooth a) disappearing

b) not probable b) having rough, uneven edges b) beautiful
c) certain c) low c) having many green plants
2. Slave traders raided 4. Tourists are surprised by the

the villages located distinct bands of plants that
on the fertile soil at the change with the elevation.
base of the mountain.
a) temperature
a) raced into b) air pressure
b) attacked c) altitude
c) built
Discussion
1. Mount Kilimanjaro attracts thousands of tourists each year.
What other famous mountains attract visitors from around the world?
Where are these mountains located? Have you visited any of them?
2. Have you ever gone mountain climbing?

What do you think makes people want to climb mountains?
3. Have you ever seen an active volcano? If so, describe it. Where was it?
4. Mount Kilimanjaro is thought to be losing its glaciers due to global

warming? Discuss some of the other effects of global warming that
people are seeing around the world?
Discussion Starters
The Importance
of Community
Pre-Reading
1. Do you belong to a community

outside of your family and workplace?
2. What types of groups do you rely on for support?
3. What types of communities exist in your hometown?
4. When have you experienced loneliness?

Think about the different stages of your life.

1. community a) a very close group that doesn’t welcome outsiders

2. necessary b) usually do or have
3. involvement c) the taking part in an activity or group
4. tend to d) making a person feel wanted and comfortable
5. run out of e) to rely or depend on
6. count on f) to break open and gain access to
7. supportive g) to be useful
8. come in handy h) to no longer have any
9. retire i) helpful and caring
10. crack j) required
11. welcoming k) to stop working (usually due to age)
12. clique l) a group with a common interest or location
The Importance of Community
Discussion Starters
Reading
COMMUNITY
A sense of belonging
1. Getting involved in community is important. A sense of belonging “A community

is necessary for a happy life. Joining a sports team is one example is like a ship;
of involvement. Adults and children enjoy playing and watching sports
in groups. A book club or a theater group can also provide community.
everyone ought
People with common interests tend to get along well. They never to be prepared to
run out of things to talk about. take the helm.”
2. There are times in life when you feel more isolated than others. —Henrik Ibsen, playwright
New parents rely on community to get through the early years of
raising children. College and university students need a supportive
community too. These are the times in life when a substitute family
comes in handy.
3. Some people find a community in the workplace. When older people

retire, they need to build up their support network. Many retired
people move to a new town or city away from family and friends.
4. Some communities are easier to crack than others. Instead

of welcoming newcomers, these groups seem to form a clique.
Happiness experts suggest having a third place outside of your
home and workplace to belong to. You can count on this community
for support through life’s many ups and downs. Your health may
depend on it.
Comprehension
1. What is the reading mainly about?
2. According to the reading, what do people need in order to be happy in life?
3. Name at least three examples of communities from the reading.
4. What stages in life are mentioned as times when people need community most?
5. According to the reading, what can a community be a substitute for?
6. What does the author mean in the final sentence?
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Matching
Match the words on the left to the correct examples on the right.
1. tend to a) The bowling team has been together for

ten years and doesn’t accept new members.
2. clique
b) I need a cup of milk, but I only have half a cup.
3. supportive
c) New people usually feel a bit shy.
4. run out of
d) The parent group offered advice to the new mom with twins.
5. community e) When Mary turns 65, she will stop working at the office.
6. retire f) It is a small town where everyone knows your name.
B. Odd One Out
Choose the word or phrase that does not belong in each group.
1. a) cracked 3. a) useful 5. a) participation

b) necessary b) handy b) involvement
c) required c) welcoming c) tending
d) needed d) practical d) action
2. a) depend on 4. a) crack 6. a) welcoming

b) catch on b) access b) friendly
c) rely on c) break into c) supportive
d) count on d) retire d) clique
1. Why is it more difficult for some people to 3. Is belonging to a community one of
find a community to belong to than others? your top priorities in life? Why or why not?
2. Which types of communities are the 4. Should the importance of community be taught
most difficult to crack? Why do you think so? as a subject in school? Explain your opinion.
Discussion Starters
Class Survey
Do you think a
Is family the most
Is happiness possible sense of community
Classmate important form
without community? can cure health
of community?
problems?
Discussion Starters

 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2010/05/26/podcast-importance-of-community/
COMMUNITY
A sense of belonging
1. Getting involved in is important. A sense

of belonging is for a happy life. Joining a
sports team is one example of . Adults
and children enjoy playing and watching sports in groups. A book club
or a theater group can also provide community. People with common
interests get along well. They never
things to talk about.
2. There are times in life when you feel more isolated than others.
New parents rely on community to get through the early years
of raising children. College and university students need a
community too. These are the times
in life when a substitute family .
3. Some people find a community in the workplace. When older

people , they need to build up their
support network. Many retired people move to a new town or
city away from family and friends.
4. Some communities are easier to

than others. Instead of newcomers, these
groups seem to form a . Happiness experts
suggest having a third place outside of your home and workplace to
belong to. You can this community for
support through life’s many ups and downs. Your health may
depend on it.
4. crack, welcoming, clique, count on

3. retire
2. supportive, comes in handy
involvement, tend to, run out of
1. community, necessary,
ANSWERS:
Famous People
Oprah
Winfrey
In this lesson, you will read about a famous media icon.
You’ll learn how Oprah Winfrey became famous, and
you’ll discuss one of her favorite topics—books!
Pre-Reading
1. What is a talk show?
2. Have you ever seen The Oprah Winfrey Show?
3. Why do you think Oprah Winfrey is so famous?

1. host a) to employ, to give someone a job

2. abuse b) a plan or activity
3. encourage c) liked by many people
4. hire d) to help, to give money to
5. local e) to suggest someone’s name for an election or award
6. popular f) a prize
7. famous g) to give hope or confidence
8. nominate h) to turn TVs (or radios) on to a certain channel
9. author i) to mistreat, to be cruel
10. support j) known by many people
11. award k) a person who entertains guests
12. project l) a writer
13. tune in m) in the area
Copyright 2018, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T – H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 3 .1) 1
Oprah Winfrey
Famous People
Reading
1. Oprah Winfrey is a very successful talk-show host. Millions of “I still have my feet
Americans and millions of people in other countries watched
The Oprah Winfrey Show every day. The show ran for 25 seasons.
on the ground. I just
On May 25, 2011, millions of people tuned in to watch the last wear better shoes.”
Oprah show. Oprah asked her viewers to follow their dreams. —Oprah Winfrey
2. Oprah was born in Mississippi in 1954. She lived with her

grandmother on a farm until she was about six years old.
She could read when she was three. She then went to live with
her mother, but she was mistreated and abused. When she
was 13, she went to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee.
She loved to read, and her father encouraged her.
3. In 1971, Oprah went to Tennessee State University. She was also

hired by a local radio station and TV station to read the news.
After she finished college, she moved to Baltimore, Maryland,
in 1976 to be the host of a TV talk show. She was very good at it.
4. Eight years later, she moved to Chicago to host another TV talk

show called A.M. Chicago. The show was not doing well, but after
she joined, people started to love it. The show was so popular that,
in 1986, it became The Oprah Winfrey Show. She was now famous and
had the chance to act in more movies. She was nominated for an
Academy Award in 1985 for her role in the movie The Color Purple.
5. T he Oprah Winfrey Show was one of the most popular shows on TV

for many years. One part of her show, called “Oprah’s Book Club,”
made many people want to read more books. It also made many
unknown authors very famous. Oprah now has a lot of power.
She owns her own network, she makes movies and programs for
TV and the Internet, and she has her own magazine called O: The
Oprah Magazine. Many of her projects are about women and children.
6. Oprah is also one of the richest women in the world. She gives money
to support many things. One of her special projects is keeping children
safe from abuse. She has won many awards for her work, including
the Cecil B. deMille Award at the 2018 Golden Globes for lifetime
achievement in the entertainment industry. After her empowering
acceptance speech, many wondered if Oprah was planning a run for
the 2020 presidency.
Oprah Winfrey
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. As a child, Oprah Winfrey lived in several different homes.
2. She had a happy life when she lived with her mother.
3. Oprah worked as a news announcer before she became a talk-show host.
4. The Oprah Winfrey Show was only broadcast in the United States.
5. Oprah won an Academy Award for her TV show.
B. Ask & Answer
1. When and where was Oprah Winfrey born?
2. What kind of a childhood did Oprah have?
3. What kind of work did she do when she was in Tennessee?
4. What was the name of the show that later became The Oprah Winfrey Show?
5. Why does Oprah Winfrey have a lot of power?
6. How has Oprah helped many unknown authors?
7. What kind of projects does Oprah like to support?
Oprah Winfrey
Famous People
Vocabulary Review
1. Mary loves to write stories and hopes to be a famous one day.
2. Ben goes to a university, so he can live at home.
3. Robert’s parents are going to him when

he goes to university, so he probably won’t have to find a part-time job.
4. Pat has a little difficulty in school, but her parents always

her to work hard and keep trying to do her best.
5. If parents their children, the

government may decide to remove the children from the home.
6. If you are looking for a job, you should apply to the new restaurant in town.
They are planning to 20 new employees this month.
Discussion
1. Do you watch talk shows? If so, which ones do you watch?
2. What characteristics should a good talk-show host have?
3. Do you like to read? If so, what kind of books do you like?
4. Oprah Winfrey’s production company is called Harpo

Productions. Where do you think this name came from?
5. Have you ever seen or heard of the

movie The Color Purple? What is it about?
6. Why do you think Oprah supports

many projects for women and children?
7. Do you think Oprah would make a good president? Why or why not?
Famous Places
Mount
Everest
Pre-Reading
1. Do you know where Mount Everest is located?
2. How high do you think Mount Everest is?
3. D
o you know who the first people to
climb to the top of Mount Everest were?
4. H
ow many people do you think have
reached the top of Mount Everest?
5. D
o you think the local people welcome
the many foreigners who come to climb
Mount Everest?
1. range a) a line separating two countries

2. explorer b) in or of the area
3. height c) a row or chain of mountains
4. border d) goods, necessary things
5. conquer e) the highest point, the top
6. guide f) a measurement from top to bottom
7. summit g) a person who shows others the way
8. tank h) to defeat, to overcome
9. local i) a container for liquid or gas
10. supplies j) a person who travels to another country to learn about it
Mount Everest
Famous Places
Reading
1. t. Everest rises 29,035 feet (about 8,850 meters) above sea level,
M
making it the tallest mountain on earth. It is found in Asia in the
Himalayan mountain range on the border between Nepal and Tibet.
2. verest was named for Sir George Everest, the first person to record
E
its height and location. Tibetans call it “Chomolangma” (Goddess
Mother of the Snows); the Nepalese call it “Sagarmatha” (Mother
of the Universe).
3. T
here are two main routes for climbing Everest: the northwest ridge
in Tibet and the southeast ridge in Nepal. In 1921, British explorers
investigated the Tibetan route. At that time, the Nepal border was
closed to foreigners. In 1924, two British climbers attempted to reach
the top of Everest, but they never returned. This route was tried until
1950 when China took control of Tibet and closed its borders.
4. W
hen Nepal opened its border in 1949, climbers began using the
southeast ridge. On May 29, 1953, Everest was finally conquered by
Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, his Sherpa guide,
using this route.
5. In 1975, Junko Tabei of Japan became the first woman to reach its
summit. In 1978, Reinhold Messner of Italy climbed it without taking
extra oxygen tanks, and in 1980 he climbed it alone. In 2003, 15-year-
old Mingkipa Sherpa of Nepal became the youngest person to reach
the top and 70-year-old Yuichiro Miura of Japan became the oldest.
Miura summited again in 2013 at the age of 80. Local Sherpa guides
have set many other records. By the 60 th anniversary of Hillary’s
ascent, over 3,500 climbers had reached the summit, and over 200
people had died on the mountain. Many have died on the difficult
descent, but new climbing technology makes death less likely.
6. T
he Sherpa people have benefited economically from the many people
who come to climb Everest. Most foreign climbers employ one or two
Sherpa guides, and the average climbing team spends $200,000 on
guides and supplies while in Nepal.
Mount Everest
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Sir George Everest was the first person to climb to the top of Mount Everest.
2. Edmund Hilary used the Nepal route to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
3. Hundreds of people have died trying to climb Mount Everest.
4. In the ‘70s, Junko Tabei was the youngest person to climb Mount Everest.
5. The Tibetan route to the top is now the route that is used most often.
B. Ask and Answer
Practice asking and answering the following questions with

your partner. Then write the answers in complete sentences.
1. Where is Mount Everest?
2. How did Mount Everest get its name?
3. Why is Tensing Norgay famous?
4. What are the two main routes for climbing Mount Everest?
5. Which route is used today and why?
6. W
hat is the age range of people who
have successfully climbed Mount Everest?
7. What does the Nepalese word “Sagarmatha” mean?
8. H
ow have the Sherpa people benefited from
the many climbers who come to the area?
Mount Everest
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review
Choose the word(s) with the closest meaning
to the underlined words in the following sentences.
1. The northwest ridge is in Tibet. 5. British explorers investigated the Tibetan route.
a) border a) studied carefully

b) mountain b) climbed
c) a raised line where two sloping surfaces meet c) liked a lot
2. The border was closed to foreigners. 6. Sherpa guides have set many other records.
a) mountain climbers a) music

b) people from another country b) high point or score not reached before
c) explorers c) ridge of a mountain
3. Sir George Everest was the first person 7. Most foreign climbers employ
to record the height of the mountain. one or two Sherpa guides.
a) write down a) lead or follow

b) climb b) hire or use
c) conquer c) economic
4. The Sherpa people have benefited

economically from the climbers.
a) been angry
b) received financial gain
c) explored
Discussion
1. Why do you think people like to climb mountains? 4. D
o you ever participate in any kind of
dangerous sports or other activities such as
2. hat is the biggest challenge you have
W
skydiving, mountain climbing, heli-skiing, bungee
faced in your life? How did you deal with it?
jumping, etc.? If so, describe the activity and the
3. W
hat personal characteristics do experiences you have had.
you think many explorers share?
5. W
hy do you think the Nepalese people call
Mount Everest “the Mother of the Universe”?
Discussion Starters
Suburbia Vs. City Life

Pre-Reading
1. What type of region do you live in?
2. Could you imagine living

in a different type of region?
3. What benefits are there to living in the suburbs?
4. What do you think “You can’t take

the city out of the city boy” means?
1. stage a) people you work with

2. settle down b) strong and well-established
3. sacrifice c) to give up something you love
4. convenience d) a period of development
5. suburbs e) large residential areas outside of the urban center
6. carpool f) an arrangement in which two or more people share driving days
7. colleagues g) a sport, club, or class that is attended outside of school or work time
8. extracurricular activity h) residential areas where the type of housing is similar throughout
9. strip mall i) to stay long-term with a family or partner
10. subdivisions j) something that suits your needs and makes life easier
11. close-knit k) a row of stores where each store has an entrance from outside
Discussion Starters
Reading
SUBURBIA OR CITY LIFE
Which style of living suits you best?
1. Where you live says a lot about what is important to you. “Suburbia is where
Your priorities change in each stage of life. Did you know that the developer
the average American moves about 12 times in a lifetime?
bulldozes out
2. Many families settle down in residential areas outside of the city.
People often sacrifice the convenience and excitement of city life for
the trees, then
the safety, comfort, and peace of the suburbs. Commuting to a job in names the streets
an urban center becomes a way of life. Some people organize carpools after them.”
with colleagues, while others rely on trains and buses. In the suburbs, —Bill Vaughan, journalist
children often walk to school and have friends and extracurricular
activities in their own neighborhood.
3. City life is more attractive to singles and students. Being able to

walk or bike to work or school saves transportation costs and is
better for the environment. A large city typically offers a culturally
rich experience, including entertainment and food.
4. While some people base their choice of residence on cost or

necessity, others think about ideal lifestyle. Do you and your loved
ones have what it takes to survive the strip malls and subdivisions
in “the burbs,” or will you always be proud “city folks”? Perhaps
you prefer country living or something in between. A close-knit
community in a small town may provide the best of both worlds.
Comprehension
1. What statistic is provided in the introduction?
2. Why do families often settle down in the suburbs?
3. Where do people in the suburbs often work?
4. Why does the reading mention the environment?
5. What nicknames for “the suburbs” are used in the reading?
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Choose the Correct Word

1. City life is convenient for 3. My colleagues threw me a 5. The convenience of fast

us at this stage in our lives. party when I moved away. food is why so many
people are unhealthy.
a) status a) work friends
b) show b) family members a) sacrifice
c) period c) clients b) effortlessness
d) platform d) customers c) taste
d) cost
2. We don’t want to sacrifice 4. When you live in a
our social life by moving close-knit community,
to suburbia. everybody knows your name.
a) give up a) carpool
b) save b) tight
c) ruin c) urban
d) increase d) fantastic
B. Complete the Sentences

1. There is a bookstore in the middle of the .
2. I’m looking for a that heads into the city at 8:00 am on weekdays.
3. Most of my live in suburbia.
4. We are thinking about in your subdivision.
5. I my love of theater for a safer neighborhood.
Discussion Starters
1. What has been the best stage of your life so far, and why?
2. In your opinion, which offers more

convenience, city life or suburban life?
3. Where is the best location to raise children? Why?
4. Do you live in a close-knit community or are your

neighbors strangers? Share your thoughts about this.
5. Do you feel that communities are getting

closer and stronger, or are they breaking apart?
Class Opinion
Do you like living Do you like Could you live

Classmate’s name:
in the suburbs? living in the city? in a small town?
Discussion Starters

 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2010/08/25/suburbia-vs-city-life/
SUBURBIA OR CITY LIFE

Which style of living suits you best?
1. Where you live says a lot about what is important to you.

Your priorities change in each of life.
Did you know that the average American moves about
12 times in a lifetime?
2. Many families in residential areas

outside of the city. People often the
and excitement of city life for the safety,
comfort, and peace of the suburbs. Commuting to a job in an
urban center becomes a way of life. Some people organize
with , while others
rely on trains and buses. In the suburbs, children often walk
to school and have friends and in their
own neighborhood.
3. City life is more attractive to singles and students. Being able to

walk or bike to work or school saves costs
and is better for the environment. A large city typically offers
a culturally experience, including
entertainment and food.
4. While some people base their choice of residence on cost

or necessity, others think about ideal lifestyle. Do you
and your loved ones have what it takes to survive the
and
in “the burbs,” or will you always be proud “city folks”?
Perhaps you prefer country living or something in between.
A community in a small town
may provide the best of both worlds.
4. strip malls, subdivisions, close-knit
3. transportation, rich
extracurricular activities
convenience, carpools, colleagues,
2. settle down, sacrifice,
1. stage
ANSWERS:
Famous Places
The Great Wall of China

Pre-Reading
1. Have you ever been to China and seen

the Great Wall? If not, would you like to go?
2. How many people do you think visit

the Great Wall of China each year?
3. What do you think was the

purpose in building the Great Wall?
4. Do you know when construction

first began on the Great Wall?
5. What is a World Heritage Site?

Have you ever been to a World Heritage Site?
1. military a) to become one

2. heritage b) a place
3. rival c) a large, heavy gun that fires big, metal balls
4. invader d) a space between two points
5. unify e) army
6. century f) someone who comes into a country and attacks
7. reinforce g) something coming from the past
8. interval h) to make stronger
9. cannon i) a competitor
10. site j) 100 years
Famous Places
Reading
1. The Great Wall of China is the largest military structure in the The Great Wall is
world and one of its great wonders. It runs from east to west
across northern and north-central China, winding through
often referred to as
hills and mountains for about 4,500 miles (7,242 kilometers). “the longest cemetery
The United Nations declared it a World Heritage Site in 1987. on earth” because so
2. Parts of the Great Wall are over 2,000 years old. Rival rulers many laborers died
of small areas built earth and stone walls to mark their boundaries during construction.
and as protection from northern invaders. Messengers also traveled
along these walls to take messages from one ruler to another.
3. About 210 BC, Emperor Qin unified the country and ordered these
individual sections to be connected. This took several centuries
to complete. Qin and succeeding emperors used forced labor to
build the wall higher, wider, and longer. Bricks and granite were
used to reinforce old sections and to build new ones. Lookout
posts and battle forts were constructed at intervals along the wall,
and soldiers were stationed along it. The soldiers would light huge
bonfires on the wall to signal danger.
4. During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), a major renovation

of the Great Wall began, which took 200 years to complete.
The wall became much more elaborate in design, and
modern cannons were added at strategic positions.
5. The Great Wall lost its military importance in the modern era, and
many sections of the wall are in ruins or have disappeared. However,
there is still great interest in the wall, and previously undiscovered
sections of it have been found in the last few years.
6. Today, the Great Wall is one of China’s most important tourist

attractions. Each year, hundreds of thousands of visitors tour
a well-preserved section of the wall located about 50 miles
from Beijing. Parts of the wall are being restored, but it is
a difficult and expensive process.
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False? B. Ask and Answer
Read the statements below. Practice asking and answering the following
If the statement is true, write T beside the sentence. questions with your partner. Then write your
If it is false, write F and correct the information. answers in complete sentences in your notebook.
1. The Great Wall of China runs from 1. Where is the Great Wall of China
north to south across eastern China. located and how long is it?
2. The Great Wall is 4,500 years old. 2. How old is the Great Wall?
3. Parts of the Great Wall were 3. Why was the wall built?
originally built for military purposes.
4. What part did Emperor Qin play
4. The Great Wall still serves in the building of the Great Wall?
an important military purpose.
5. How did the Great Wall change under the
5. The entire wall has been well preserved. rule of Emperor Qin and his successors?
6. What changes occurred during the Ming Dynasty?
7. What is the importance of the Great Wall today?
Vocabulary Review

1. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are soft drink companies.
2. We’re going to add some more wood pieces to our old fence.
3. He has served as a captain in the for the last ten years.
4. There is a lot of disagreement among the club members,

but the president is trying to the different groups.
5. They could hear the sound of the loud fire from a very far distance.
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review cont.


1. The emperors used forced 3. During the Ming Dynasty, 5. Tourists visit the well-preserved
labor to build the wall. a major renovation began. section of the wall.
a) a lot of money a) restoration a) popular

b) workers b) war b) mountainous
c) bricks c) tourist attraction c) kept in good condition
2. Soldiers were 4. Today, many section

stationed along the wall. of the wall are in ruins.
a) placed a) run by the government

b) trained b) in very bad condition
c) shot c) fixed up
Discussion
1. Why has the Great Wall of China lost
its military importance in today’s world?
2. Do you think that it is important to maintain

World Heritage Sites? Why or why not?
3. What other historical structures have been built through forced labor?
4. The Great Wall was built for protection against invaders.

How do countries protect their borders in modern society?
Famous People
Elvis Presley
In this lesson you will learn about Elvis, the King of Rock and Roll. You’ll learn
some new English vocabulary and discuss what makes a singer popular.
Pre-Reading
1. What is your favorite kind of music? Who is your favorite singer?
2. Do you like rock and roll music?
3. Do you think that teenagers usually like

the same kind of music that their parents like?
“Values are like
4. Do you know any Elvis Presley songs? If so, which ones do you know? fingerprints.”
5. Describe Elvis Presley in this picture. —Elvis Presley
1. local a) a lot, much, many

2. choir b) something that has become a success
3. mansion c) living alone and staying away from people
4. impress d) referring to a specific place, in the area
5. hit e) a supporter or admirer
6. influence f) a very large, grand house
7. unique g) a singer, a dancer, an entertainer
8. performer h) a group of people who sing together
9. hip i) to use something badly or too much
10. scandalize j) to make a strong mark on one’s memory
11. fan k) to cause an effect or change
12. give up l) a body part below the waist and above the leg
13. a great deal of m) special, one of a kind
14. reclusive n) to stop doing something
15. abuse o) to shock, to offend people’s values
Elvis Presley
Famous People
Reading
1. Elvis Presley is called the King of Rock and Roll
by millions of people around the world.
2. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935.

His family was poor and very religious. As a young boy, he
sang in the local church choir and learned to play the guitar.
3. The Presley family moved to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1948. After

graduating from high school, Elvis worked as a truck driver. In 1953,
he made a record for his mother at a local recording studio. His record
impressed the studio owner, who also owned a small record company.
In 1954, Elvis made his first single record, and it was a big hit with local
people. He did a singing tour of the South and then started recording
for RCA Records.
4. Presley’s musical style was influenced by African American music.

The way he dressed and his movements on stage were unique at
the time. All of this made him a new and exciting performer.
5. In 1956, Presley appeared on a national American television show

called Talk of the Town. His hip movements on stage scandalized many
people, which made him even more popular with teenagers. For the
next 16 years, he made many million-selling records. He also starred
in over 30 movies. His music and movies were listened to and seen
by his fans around the world.
6. In 1967, Presley married Priscilla Wagner. The following year, the

couple had a daughter, Lisa Marie. In 1969, Elvis gave up making
movies and became a nightclub performer. Large crowds attended
his performances.
7. Elvis and Priscilla divorced in 1973. Following the divorce, Elvis became
more and more reclusive. He gained a great deal of weight and
abused prescription drugs. He was found dead in Graceland, his
Memphis mansion, on August 16, 1977. He was 42 years old.
8. Today, Elvis Presley’s music is still popular, and

thousands of people visit Graceland each year.
Elvis Presley
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Elvis Presley was born in Tennessee.
2. The people in Memphis liked Presley’s record very much.
3. His clothing and movements were like many other performers’ at the time.
4. Elvis Presley was also a movie star.
5. In the last few years of his life, he liked to spend time with a lot of people.
B. Ask and Answer
1. What kind of family did Elvis Presley come from?
2. How did Elvis Presley first begin his singing career?
3. What type of music had a big influence on Presley’s style?
4. Why did Presley become so popular with young people?
5. What did Presley do after he stopped making movies?
6. How did Presley change in the last few years of his life?
7. What is Graceland?
Elvis Presley
Famous People
Vocabulary Review
You may need to change the verb tense or pluralize a noun.
1. If you want to get the job, you will have to the boss during your interview.
2. Bill Clinton, former president of the United States,

the country when he got involved with a young woman in his office.
3. She has a terrible cough. She should smoking right away.
4. He has a beautiful voice. He should join our church .
5. The in the arena shouted loudly

and happily when their hockey team won the final game.
Discussion
1. Why do you think Elvis Presley is called the King of Rock and Roll?
2. Besides a good voice, what makes a singer popular?
3. What kind of influence do you think popular music has on teenagers? Explain.
4. Why do you think so many famous singers and movie stars abuse drugs?
Discussion Starters
Elderly Drivers
“Patience is something you
admire in the driver behind you
and scorn in the driver ahead.”
—Mac McCleary
Pre-Reading
1. Should elderly people (over 70) be

forced to give up their driver’s licenses?
2. Why does aging sometimes

make driving more difficult?
3. Who is a safer driver, an elderly

person or a young teen?

1. reflex a) causing death

2. errand b) getting older
3. immobility c) to get in the way of something
4. the magic number d) the body’s automatic response
5. fatal e) the inability to move from place to place
6. interfere f) a short outing to complete a task (e.g., grocery shopping)
7. initiate g) a specific number or amount that can be identified with something
8. unfit h) to start something
9. aging i) the extension of a contract’s expiry
10. mandatory j) not capable of doing what’s required
11. renewal k) required
Elderly Drivers
Discussion Starters
Reading
ELDERLY DRIVERS
How old is too old to drive?
1. Most elderly people outlive their ability to drive safely. Reflexes,

eyesight, and hearing all decline with age. But driving gives people
independence, and giving up the keys is not easy. After years of
jumping in the car to run an errand, elderly people suddenly have
to rely on public transit or other drivers to get them from A to B.
Immobility in any form is life-changing.
2. Is there a certain age when driving is unsafe? Some people think

that 70 is the magic number. According to research, drivers over
70 are much more likely to cause a fatal accident. In reality, we all
age differently. A healthy 75-year-old may be a safer driver than his
16-year-old grandson!
3. Family members of elderly drivers are often the ones who

recommend giving up the keys. Initiating a conversation like this is
not easy. It may even be the hardest conversation you ever have with
an aging parent. If medication could interfere with road performance,
doctors or pharmacists may tell a patient to stop driving. Is it wrong to
ask the doctor to “be the bad guy”?
4. Knowing when it’s time to have “the talk” can be a lifesaver.

There are several signs that an elderly person may be unfit for
driving. Your aging mom may forget to stop at red lights or stop signs.
Grandpa may drive too fast or too slow. Getting lost often in a familiar
city is also a sign that it’s time to quit driving. Some elderly drivers
take it better than others and are happy to accept a ride. Others opt
to keep their cars even though they promise not to drive them.
5. Should license renewal be tougher for elderly people? In some

parts of the world, drivers are retested after a certain age. A vision
test is usually part of this requirement. A medical evaluation may
also be ordered. Sometimes they have to do a road test. Would we
all be safer on the roads if mandatory retests existed for all drivers
at the time of renewal?
Elderly Drivers
Discussion Starters
Comprehension
1. What does the reading say about immobility?
2. Which physical abilities decline with age and interfere with driving?
3. Why might a doctor or pharmacist “be the bad guy”?
4. What are some signs that an elderly person is unfit to drive?
5. What do elderly people have to do at

the time of license renewal in some countries?
Vocabulary Review
A. Chunking
Create five expressions by pairing Word List

the words that are commonly • run • accident • an errand • initiate • a conversation
together in English. Write a • a fatal • A to B • number • the magic • get from
sentence for each example.
# Expression Sentence
Elderly Drivers
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
B. Commonly Confused Words
Two Commonly Confused Words: Too and To

(Okay, make that three commonly confused words.)
You already know that two is used 1. My grandma had give up her license years ago.
for the number 2. You probably
2. Are you going drive, ?
know the difference between
I only have room for one more passenger.
to and too, too. The hard part
is remembering to write the 3. You are driving slowly. Someone is going crash into you.
right homophone. Review these
4. I’m old drive. I take the bus church now.
homophones regularly to make
sure you use the correct ones in 5. I have a -year-old grandson, . Let’s take them the park.
your writing. Fill in the blanks with
the correct word (to, too, or two).
Discussion
1. Are you a “backseat driver”? This is a passenger who
always comments on how others drive. Do backseat
drivers keep the roads safer or make them more dangerous?
2. Why is “coordination” an important skill for drivers?

Is this something we lose or gain as we age?
3. How do you feel about mandatory retests for the elderly?

What would a driving refresher course look like? Should drivers
who have numerous accidents have to retake the test, too?
4. Do drivers get more nervous with age?

Why is confidence important for drivers?
Elderly Drivers
Discussion Starters
Listening
 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2013/08/08/podcast-elderly-drivers/
ELDERLY DRIVERS
How old is too old to drive?
1. Most elderly people outlive their ability to drive safely.

, eyesight, and hearing all decline with age. But
driving gives people independence, and giving up the keys is not easy.
After years of jumping in the car to run an , elderly
people suddenly have to rely on public transit or other drivers to get
them from A to B. in any form is life-changing.
2. Is there a certain age when driving is unsafe? Some people think that
70 is . According to research, drivers over 70 are
much more likely to cause a accident. In reality,
we all age differently. A healthy 75-year-old may be a safer driver
than his 16-year-old grandson!
3. Family members of elderly drivers are often the ones who recommend
giving up the keys. a conversation like this is not
easy. It may even be the hardest conversation you ever have with
an aging parent. If medication could with road
performance, doctors or pharmacists may tell a patient to stop
driving. Is it wrong to ask the doctor to “be the bad guy”?
4. Knowing when it’s time to have “the talk” can be a lifesaver. There are
several signs that an elderly person may be for
driving. Your mom may forget to stop at red lights
or stop signs. Grandpa may drive too fast or too slow. Getting lost
often in a familiar city is also a sign that it’s time to quit driving. Some
elderly drivers take it better than others and are happy to accept a
ride. Others opt to keep their cars even though they promise not to
drive them.
5. Should license be tougher for elderly people?

In some parts of the world, drivers are retested after a certain age.
A vision test is usually part of this requirement. A medical evaluation
may also be ordered. Sometimes they have to do a road test. Would
we all be safer on the roads if retests existed for
all drivers at the time of renewal?
Famous Places
The Great Pyramids

Pre-Reading
1. When do you think the pyramids of Egypt were built?
2. Do you know why they were built?
3. What kind of things do you imagine

were placed inside the pyramids?
4. What is an archaeologist?
5. How many men do you think

were needed to build a pyramid?
1. tomb a) with agreement, without being forced

2. palace b) to pile, to put things on top of
3. chamber c) a place to bury a dead body
4. utensils d) stealing, taking away goods illegally
5. local e) very large, huge
6. willingly f) a room
7. prosperous g) a slope used to move from one level to another (instead of stairs)
8. evolve h) a king or queen’s very large, beautiful house
9. stack i) very valuable
10. massive j) instruments or tools for eating or cooking
11. ramp k) to change slowly, to develop gradually over time
12. looting l) in the area
13. precious m) successful, rich
The Great Pyramids
Famous Places
Reading
1. The pyramids are tombs that were built over
5,000 years ago for the kings of ancient Egypt.
For over 3,800 years,
the Pyramid of Giza
2. Ancient Egyptians believed that after their kings died, they became
gods in another world. A pyramid was to be the dead king’s palace in
was the tallest man-
the afterlife where he would rule as a god. As well as a burial chamber, made structure
the complex included rooms to hold things the king would need in the in the world.
afterlife, such as furniture, jewelry, and cooking utensils. Servants or
wives who died later were buried close by in much smaller tombs.
3. Archaeologists believe that local farmers and villagers willingly

worked on the pyramids during the flood season, when the land could
not be worked. The workers thought it would ensure their own afterlife
and make Egypt prosperous.
4. The structure of the pyramids evolved slowly. They went from

platforms stacked on an underground tomb, to larger step-style
structures, to the massive smooth-sided pyramids found at Giza.
5. Of the 80 known pyramids, the biggest and finest is the Great Pyramid
of Khufu at Giza. The base of this pyramid covers over 13 acres (about
5 hectares). It was 481 feet (about 147 meters) high but, over the years,
it has lost 30 feet (about 9 meters) off its top. Two million blocks of
stone, each weighing over 2 tons (about 1,814 kilograms), were used to
build it. Workers likely moved these huge stones into position by using
ropes to pull them up ramps. As many as 20,000 to 30,000 men may
have worked on this pyramid, which took 20 years to finish.
6. Smaller pyramids of this type were built for another 1,000 years.
When robbers started looting the precious goods stored inside
them, kings were buried in hidden tombs. Tombs of later kings
were discovered in a valley near Luxor, which is now called the
Valley of the Kings.
The Great Pyramids
Famous Places
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. The pyramids were built for the afterlife of the ancient Egyptian kings.
2. Local farmers were forced to work on the pyramids.
3. The pyramids held many things besides the kings’ bodies.
4. The structure of the pyramids changed gradually over time.
5. It took 200 years to finish the Great Pyramid of Khufu.
B. Ask and Answer
1. Why were the pyramids built?
2. What kinds of things were placed in the pyramids?
3. According to archaeologists, why did local farmers

and villagers work on the pyramids willingly?
4. How did the structure of the pyramids change over time?
5. Describe the Great Pyramid of Khufu.
6. How did workers likely move the massive stones into place?
7. Why were kings eventually buried in hidden tombs?
The Great Pyramids
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review
1. Please don’t your books on the floor. Put them on the shelves.
2. Eating are different in different countries.

Some people use chopsticks while others use knives and forks.
3. His business is becoming very , and he is making a lot of money now.
4. Now that she is using a wheelchair, they are going to build a

to the front door of their house because she can’t use the stairs.
5. I’m happy there is a university in our area. Our children will not have to go away to study.
6. There was a violent demonstration in the city, and a lot of store windows were broken.
There was also a lot of before the police arrived.
7. Many people were killed in the earthquake last year.
8. Buckingham , where Queen Elizabeth lives, is a very popular British tourist destination.
9. Her grandmother left her a beautiful gold ring with three stones.
10. Maria is an excellent music student. She practices

the piano for over an hour every day. Her mother never has to ask her to do it.
Discussion
1. Besides the ancient Egyptians, what other cultures
built pyramids? Where can we see pyramids nowadays?
Have you ever visited any of them?
2. How have burial customs changed throughout history,

and how do they differ from culture to culture?
3. Do you believe that local villagers worked willingly on the pyramids,

or do you think that forced labor was involved? Explain your answer.
4. Would you like to be an archaeologist? Why or why not?
Famous People
Mahatma Gandhi
In this lesson, you will learn about a peaceful protester
who is often described as the father of India. You will
also learn and review new words and discuss a variety
of quotes.
Pre-Reading
1. Do you know the meaning of “non-violent protest”?
2. Can you think of several different

peaceful ways people can protest?
3. Why do you think Gandhi is called the father of India?
4. Do you know when India

became an independent country?

1. gain a) to govern, to control
2. arrange b) to not eat, to go without food
3. rule c) to follow instructions, to do what you’re told to do
4. movement d) to get or receive
5. refuse e) great force, non-peaceful action
6. strike f) to plan
7. obey g) to say “no” to something
8. protest h) group actions for a special purpose, cause
9. violence i) to demonstrate against something, oppose
10. fast j) to stop working in order to protest
Mahatma Gandhi
Famous People
Reading
1. Mahatma Gandhi is called the father of India. He helped “First they ignore you,
the people of India to gain freedom from Great Britain.
then they laugh at
2. Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India, on October 2, 1869. At age 13, you, then they fight
he married Kasturbai, age 12. Their parents arranged the marriage.
Gandhi and his wife had four sons.
you, then you win. ”
—Mahatma Gandhi
3. Gandhi went to London to study law. In 1891, he returned to India,
but he did not do well as a lawyer. That same year, he was offered
a job in South Africa, and he and his family moved there.
4. At that time, Great Britain ruled South Africa and Indian people
who lived there had few rights. Gandhi stayed for 20 years to help
gain equal rights for Indian people. During this time, he decided that
those who truly believed in the cause could use peaceful ways to win
freedom and equal rights for all people. People could do things like
refuse to eat, go on strike, or not obey laws. He used these ideas
when he returned to India.
5. Gandhi went back to India in 1915. He traveled many places to tell

people about his ideas for peaceful protests. He became the leader of
the movement to get the British to leave India. The British treated him
and his followers badly. Gandhi was put in jail many times for refusing
to do what the British told him to, for leading strikes, or for breaking
laws. But Gandhi never used violence.
6. Gandhi worked for India’s freedom for 30 years. Finally, in 1945,

the British said they would leave. In 1946, Gandhi’s friend,
Jawaharlal Nehru, became prime minister of India.
7. But India still had problems. Gandhi wanted Indian Muslims and
Hindus to live together in peace. Instead, they were afraid of what
would happen when the British left and started killing each other. To
protest the killings, Gandhi, who was now an old man, began a fast.
After five days, they said they would stop the killing.
8. Just 12 days later, on January 30, 1948,

a Hindu man killed Gandhi at a prayer meeting.
Mahatma Gandhi
Famous People
Comprehension
A. True or False?

1. Gandhi was married at a very young age.
2. Gandhi was a lawyer.
3. Gandhi used violent protests against the British.
4. Gandhi is called the father of South Africa.
5. Gandhi became the first prime minister of India.
B. Ask & Answer
1. Why is Gandhi called the father of India?
2. Why did Gandhi move to South Africa?
3. Why did he stay in South Africa for 20 years?
4. Why was Gandhi put in jail many times?
5. When did the British agree to leave India?
6. What kind of problems did India face when

the country first became independent?
7. What peaceful methods did Gandhi use in

his lifetime to achieve change? Name three.
8. How did Gandhi die?
Mahatma Gandhi
Famous People
Vocabulary Review
1. Sometimes, it is necessary to for 12 hours before a blood test.
2. In the army, a soldier must his officers.
3. When the bus drivers went on , many people had trouble getting to work.
4. Gandhi did not believe in using to gain freedom.
5. She doesn’t love him. She is going to his marriage proposal.
6. He will a lot of experience in his new job.
Discussion
Discuss the meaning of the following Gandhi quotes
with your classmates. You may need to use your
dictionaries to find the meanings of some of the words.
1. “An eye for an eye makes 5. “ When I despair, I remember

the whole world blind.” that all through history the
way of truth and love has
2. “I am prepared to die, always won. There have been
but there is no cause for tyrants and murderers and
which I am prepared to kill.” for a time they seem invincible,
but in the end, they always
3. “If we wish to create a fall—think of it, ALWAYS.”
lasting peace, we must
begin with the children.”
4. “ The best way to find yourself
is in the service of others.”
Discussion Starters
Fake News
“Deception may drive the creation
of fake news; gullibility helps
create a market for it.”
—Callum Borchers, journalist
Pre-Reading
1. Which news sites do you rely on for information?
2. Do you ever share online content

before reading or watching it in full?
3. Who is more likely to share fake news,

young people or their parents?

1. stumble upon a) to go around

2. catchy b) misleading, causing a person to believe a lie or exaggeration
3. trend (verb) c) the center of attention
4. deceptive d) attractive, eye-catching
5. spotlight e) a person born in the ‘80s or ‘90s
6. circulate f) a system of government that represents its people’s values
7. democracy g) to find by chance (without looking for)
8. propaganda h) easily tricked or fooled
9. millennial i) one-sided information (with a goal of hurting the other side)
10. gullible j) to become a temporarily popular online subject
Copyright 2016, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T – H I G H I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 1
Fake News
Discussion Starters
Reading
FAKE NEWS
Something smells fishy
1. Fake news is misinformation that people think 4. Some journalists describe fake news as a modern
is true. Social media users stumble upon this form of propaganda. During the 2016 US election
content in their newsfeeds. This drives web traffic cycle, fake news was often more popular than real
to ads and makes money for fake news websites. news. Does fake news threaten our democracy?
2. Fake news sites often advertise that their content 5. You might think that young people are more
isn’t real. This doesn’t stop people from believing likely to share fake news. This is not true. In fact,
or sharing it. In fact, a catchy title is all a fake news millennials are less likely to spread fake news than
piece needs to start trending. Many people don’t their parents or grandparents. This has more to do
even preview online content before sharing it. with social media preferences than how gullible
a generation is. Millennials don’t use Facebook
3. Some fake news is politically deceptive. The 2016
as much as their parents and grandparents, and
US presidential election put this type of fake news
Facebook users are more than twice as likely to see
into the spotlight. Many Americans think Donald
and share fake news.
Trump won the election because of fake news
about his opponent. Others wonder how he won 6. Is fake news creating an era of misinformation, or
with so much fake news circulating about himself. is this a trend that will soon be forgotten? What
can you do to prevent fake news from trending?
Comprehension
1. What is this reading mainly about?
2. Why do fake news sites exist?
3. How did fake news affect the 2016 US election?
4. According to the reading, are young people

more gullible than their parents or grandparents?
5. How does the author end the reading?
Fake News
Discussion Starters
Vocabulary Review
A. Recognizing Vocabulary
Which word from page 1 is described in the sentence? More than

one option may be possible. You may need to change the word form.
# Sentence Word
1 I found an interesting article about Ivanka Trump in my newsfeed.
2 False news often tricks you into clicking on an ad.
3 This is not real news. It’s a political advertisement for the far right.
4 The hashtag #notmypresident is popular on Twitter right now.
5 That younger generation prefers Snapchat to Facebook.
6 She shared the article because it had an attractive headline.
7 I admit it. I’m easily deceived. Tell me anything and I will believe it.
8 Have you heard the news that is going around about the election recount?
B. Complete the Sentences

1. Don’t trust the election polls. Vote! This era of misinformation threatens our .
2. spend a lot of time on their mobile devices.
3. I need to write a title for my blog post.
4. The oil spill brought ocean pollution into the . Now #oceangarbage is trending on Twitter.
5. The news from that site is . Always check the source before you share a link.
6. Where did you that news? Please don’t say you saw it on Facebook.
7. I’m not ! I fell for the headline, but after I read the article, I knew it was fake.
8. I wonder why #notdead is . Maybe that article about the singer was a hoax.
Fake News
Discussion Starters
Types of Questions
A. Introduction
Which types of questions do you already know how to ask? Read the examples.
Type of Question Example Question Word(s) Example Question/Sentence
• who • when • why Why is fake news

Wh-
• what • where • how a threat to democracy?
• which • do you prefer Which is a bigger threat to democracy,

Choice
• who fake news or militarized police?
• do • have • may
• does • will • should
Yes/No Is fake news a threat to democracy?
• is • could
• are • can
• she asked whether...

She wants to know how fake
Indirect • he wants to know if...
news threatens our democracy.
• they questioned why...
• Could you tell me who...

• I wonder why...
Let’s find out why fake news
Embedded • I don’t know where...
is a threat to democracy.
• I want to know when...
• Let’s find out what...
• isn’t it? • don’t they? • won’t she? Fake news is a threat

Tag
• right? • do we? • will he? to democracy, isn’t it?
B. Practice
Now try asking variations of the

following question. How many
questions can you form?
Where did you

stumble upon
that fake news?
Fake News
Discussion Starters
1. ome people enjoy reading fake news for entertainment.
S
Do you find fake news entertaining? Explain.
2. Do you think that fake news threatens democracy?
3. Should the government play a role in reducing

the circulation of fake news? Why or why not?
4. Do social media users have the power to prevent fake news

from trending? What responsibility do social media CEOs have?
5. A lot of news stories have false information but are not entirely fake.
Should users report these stories as fake news?
Critical Thinking
The word curator means “to care.” If you care about the people in your
social media network, you can help prevent the spread of fake news.
A. Write Questions
Work in small groups to come up with five questions to ask

yourself when determining if content is worth sharing or not.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Sharing
Find a piece of fake news on the Internet (one per group) and
share it with your class. How can you tell that this news is fake?
Fake News
Discussion Starters

 http://blog.esllibrary.com/2016/12/21/podcast-fake-news/
FAKE NEWS
Something smells fishy
1. Fake news is misinformation that people think is true. Social media

users this content in their newsfeeds.
This drives web traffic to ads and makes money for fake news websites.
2. Fake news sites often advertise that their content isn’t real.
This doesn’t stop people from believing or sharing it. In fact,
a title is all a fake news piece needs
to start . Many people don’t even
preview online content before sharing it.
3. Some fake news is politically .

The 2016 US presidential election put this type of fake news into
the . Many Americans think Donald
Trump won the election because of fake news about his
opponent. Others wonder how he won with so much fake
news about himself.
4. Some journalists describe fake news as a modern form

of . During the 2016 US election cycle,
fake news was often more popular than real news. Does fake
news threaten our ?
5. You might think that young people are more likely to share fake
news. This is not true. In fact, are less
likely to spread fake news than their parents or grandparents.
This has more to do with social media preferences than how
a generation is. Millennials don’t
use Facebook as much as their parents and grandparents, and
Facebook users are more than twice as likely to see and share
fake news. 6. misinformation
6. Is fake news creating an era of ,

5. millennials, gullible
or is this a trend that will soon be forgotten?

4. propaganda, democracy
What can you do to prevent fake news from trending?

3. deceptive, spotlight, circulating
2. catchy, trending
1. stumble upon
ANSWERS:
Famous Places
The Great Barrier Reef

In this lesson, you will learn some interesting facts about
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. You will also learn about
the environmental threat that faces this natural wonder.
Is it too late to save the reef?
Pre-Reading
1. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
2. What is coral?
3. W
hat words come to mind when
you think of the Great Barrier Reef?

1. coral reef a) the act of losing color and turning white

2. polyp b) threatened in nature
3. take root c) a place where plants and animals live, eat, and breed
4. tentacle d) very serious or urgent
5. algae e) very beautiful or amazing to see or experience
6. breathtaking f) to become established in one place
7. critical g) a thing or place that leaves a lasting impression
8. bleaching h) one immediately following another
9. endangered i) a small tube-shaped marine animal
10. habitat j) underwater, stony structure made of coral skeletons
11. back-to-back k) a long, thin limb, usually on a marine animal
12. wonder (noun) l) plant-like organisms with no stems or leaves, usually found in water
Copyright 2017, Red River Press Inc. For use by ESL Library members only. ( I N T / V E R S I O N 1. 0) 1
Famous Places
Reading
1. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world. “There’s a long list of
It is a chain of over 2,000 reefs in the Coral Sea off the northeast threats to the Great
coast of Australia. The reef is 1,400 miles (2,300 km) long and covers
133,000 square miles (344,400 square km). It is the largest natural
Barrier Reef, but by
structure on earth and the only living thing visible from space. far the biggest one
2. Many people think that coral is a plant. This is a myth. Corals are is climate change.”
actually tiny animals called polyps. Corals take root on surfaces like —Professor Terry Hughes,
the ocean floor, which is why we think of them as plants. Unlike plants, James Cook University
corals do not feed themselves. They either sway their tentacles to
grasp food or they get food from the algae living inside them. Corals
live in colonies containing thousands of polyps. The Great Barrier Reef
has a wide mix of soft and hard corals.
3. Australia’s famous reef is one of the most popular tourist attractions

in the world. Over two million people visit the reef each year.
The colorful views of the reef from above and below the surface
of the ocean are breathtaking.
4. Aerial surveys show that the Great Barrier Reef is in critical condition.
Mass bleaching in 2016 and 2017 affected two-thirds of its coral.
Scientists blame global warming for this disaster. Warmer water
temperatures cause colorful coral to release algae and turn white.
Bleached coral usually dies off unless water temperatures and
quality return to normal.
5. Many species that rely on the Great Barrier Reef for food and shelter
are also critically endangered. Sharks, rays, marine turtles, and
even seabirds are threatened by the declining health of the reef.
Approximately 1,500 species of fish rely on the habitat.
6. Some environmentalists think it may be too late to save the *The Paris Agreement
Great Barrier Reef. The back-to-back bleaching between 2016 and The Paris Agreement went into
2017 didn’t allow any time for the coral to recover. Other experts effect on November 4, 2016.
think there is still hope. We may be able to save the reef if we stick Nations around the world
to the Paris Agreement.* agreed to work together to
limit global warming to 1.5
7. In 1981, UNESCO listed the Great Barrier Reef as a World Heritage Site. degrees above pre-industrial
Will the rainforests of the sea be lost forever, or can we work together (18th century) levels.
to save this natural wonder?
Famous Places
Comprehension
Are the following statements true or false based on the reading?
Write T if the statement is true. Write F if the statement is false, then
correct it in your notebook or out loud with your classmates.
1. The Great Barrier Reef is the only thing on earth viewable from space.
2. Corals are plants with tentacles that eat algae.
3. The Great Barrier Reef is made up of soft and hard corals.
4. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.
5. Coral bleaching is caused by extreme winds near the ocean.
6. The warmer temperatures of the sea are a result of global warming.
7. More than 1,000 species of fish live around the Great Barrier Reef.
8. Some experts think the Paris Agreement could save the Great Barrier Reef.
Vocabulary Review
1. I hope to see Australia’s famous before it’s too late.
2. Polar bears are due to global warming.
3. I have tests in my environmental science class on Tuesday and Wednesday.
4. These tiny, tube-shaped creatures are .
5. Corals use their to grasp food.
6. Corals release if the water conditions change.
Famous Places
Vocabulary Review cont.


1. Their habitat is at risk. 3. Bleaching clothes is 5. I think it will be a while before

bad for the environment. we take root in this community.
a) home
b) species a) Washing a) move to
c) health b) Whitening b) live in
c) Cleaning c) settle into
2. Some marine turtles are now
endangered. 4. This is a critical situation 6. The views from the seaplane
that needs our attention. were breathtaking.
a) extinct
b) at risk a) optional a) amazing
c) worried b) serious b) sickening
c) modern c) believable
Discussion
1. What words come to mind when you think of
the Great Barrier Reef now that you know more about it?
2. o you think children that are born today will

D
get a chance to see a colorful Great Barrier Reef?
3. Whose responsibility is it to look after the Great Barrier Reef?
4. S
hould cruise ships be allowed near this natural world wonder?
Why or why not?
5. H
ave you ever gone scuba diving or snorkeling?
Where did you dive or snorkel, and what did you see?
Famous Places
Modals of Advice
A. Introduction
Modals of advice are used for

giving advice, suggestions, and Modals of Advice
recommendations.
Modal Strength Notes
Modals are always followed by a
The modal should is the most
base verb. A base verb is a verb Should same as ought to
common modal of advice.
with no ending (-s, -ed, -ing, etc.)
added to it. The modal expression ought
Ought to same as should to is more formal and less
Examples: common than should.
• You should study harder.
The modal expression
• He ought to apply for a job.
had better is common when
• She had better pay me back! stronger than should
Had better making a stronger suggestion.
and ought to
It is often shortened to
‘d better.
B. Practice
Challenge your classmates to give advice to tourists to prevent

global warming. Write down the best three examples you hear.
Modal of Advice Classmate Advice
should
ought to
had better

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​ Book 04

1. What do you do if you are feeling very sick?

2. What kind of illness does a psychiatrist treat?

4. Do you understand the meaning of your dreams?

Match up as many words and meanings as you can.

5. In 1900, Freud wrote a book called The Interpretation of Dreams.

 reud also studied how children’s personalities develop. Many of

Read the statements below.

1. Sigmund Freud was a medical doctor.

2. Freud graduated in 1873.

3. Freud created a new treatment for people with mental illnesses.

4. Freud believed that many mental problems begin in childhood.

5. Freud died in 1937.

B. Ask & Answer

1. What kind of ideas did Freud develop?

2. Where did Freud study medicine?

3. After he graduated, what kind of people did he want to treat?

4. Who worked with Freud in developing a new kind of treatment?

5. Explain the new treatment they developed.

7. What is Freud’s treatment of mental illness called?

8. Why were many people unhappy with Freud’s ideas?

Work with a partner and use your dictionaries or

Ex. A psychiatrist treats people with mental problems.

1. A cardiologist treats people with .

4. A dentist looks after .

5. An optometrist examines and prescribes .

6. A dermatologist looks after problems.

7. An oncologist treats people who have .

2. Do you think it helps to talk about your problems?

3. Who do you talk to if you are having emotional problems?

1. Where is Mecca located?

2. Do you know why Mecca is so

3. Do you know when the religion of Islam was founded?

1. holy a) a religious journey

2. pray b) very forceful

3. narrow c) started, established

4. valley d) religious, spiritual

5. originally e) in good physical condition, not sick

6. founded f) to speak to God, to worship

7. cube g) a public gathering to show feelings about something

8. able-bodied h) at first, in the beginning

9. pilgrimage i) an action performed in connection with a cermeony or religious service

10. ritual j) thin, not wide

11. stampede k) a block having six equal square sides

12. violent l) a sudden rush of frightened people or animals

13. demonstration m) a piece of land between hills or mountains

Read the statements below.

1. Mecca is located at the top of a mountain in Saudi Arabia.

2. Mecca was once a trading center.

4. The spiritual journey to Mecca is called the Ka’ba.

5. Many people have died during their spiritual journey to Mecca.

B. Ask and Answer

1. Where is Mecca located?

2. Why is Mecca so important in the religion of Islam?

3. What is the Ka’ba?

5. How many Muslims take part in the annual Hajj?

6. What are some of the rituals associated with the Hajj?

7. What are some of the problems associated with the Hajj?

2. The United Nations was in 1945 after World War II.

3. Many houses were destroyed during the storm.

5. There is going to be a downtown

6. He went to church to for his sick child.

1. Which do you prefer, camping or staying in hotels?

Book 04

5. In 1900, Freud wrote a book called The Interpretation of Dreams.

reud also studied how children’s personalities develop. Many of

3. After he graduated, what kind of people did he want to treat?

4. Who worked with Freud in developing a new kind of treatment?

8. Why were many people unhappy with Freud’s ideas?

5. An optometrist examines and prescribes .

2. Do you think it helps to talk about your problems?

3. Who do you talk to if you are having emotional problems?