SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
commerce and industries.
SOCIETY
Middle Ages or the Medieval Times
-period of history between Ancient Times and
Modern Times,
-consists of the five centuries of the Dark
Ages when the German Barbarians (Huns,
Visigoths, Vandals, Franks, etc.) plunged Europe
into chaos and destroyed the Roman Empire.
BABARIAN INVANSION
- Had bad and good effects
- bad effect was that the German
barbarians being illiterate and
unsophisticated almost destroyed the
Graeco-Roman civilization.
- Good is barbarian conquerors laid the
foundation of a new civilization
TWO HEIRS OF THE FALLEN ROMAN
EMPIRE:
Byzantine Empire -arose to carry on the
civilization in Rome
-capital city, Constantinople, was founded by
Emperor Constantine the Great in 330 A.D.
-After the fall of Rome, Constantinople arose as
the “New Rome,” a magnificent center of
western civilization and the capital of the
Byzantine Empire.
-mixture of the Greek, Roman, and Asian
cultures.
-Constantinople was the greatest city of the
Western world, a splendid center of arts and
letters, and a rich emporium of international
trade.
-Byzantine government was an absolute
monarchy.
-Agriculture was the backbone of the Byzantine
economy
AND -The empire obtained much revenue from
-Constantinople was the leading commercial
and industrial center of Christendom.
-The language of the Byzantine Empire was
Greek, and its literature was largely influenced by
Greek classical literature was largely influenced by
Greek classical literature. Both Church and State
promoted education.
-Byzantine science was more advanced than
that of the Greeks and Romans
-The Byzantine armies had medical units with field
hospitals and ambulances
- The Byzantine people showed remarkable skill
in hydraulics, mechanical, and sanitary
engineering. They had knowledge of military
chemistry.
- In fact, they were the first people to use the
deadly firebombs in warfare.
- Byzantine Empire excelled in art
-Byzantine artists developed a new architectural
style, called Byzantine. The striking feature of
Byzantine architecture was the dome; plain
exterior of the building; and the mosaic pictures,
marble pillars, gold ornamentation and dazzling
enamels.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH -greater role in history
than the Byzantine Empire
-conversion of the barbarians to Christianity.
-hey carried on the work fostering education during
the Dark Ages. They founded schools and the
monks became famous teachers.
-They promoted agriculture. They transformed
many desolate districts of Europe into cultivated
fields.
-preserved learning in Europe during the Dark Ages
-copied rare books written by Greek and Roman
scholars and wrote valuable manuscripts on
religion, philosophy, arts, and sciences.
-they were benefactors of suffering people
during the medieval times. They established
hospitals for the sick, gave alms to the poor, and
furnished food and shelter for weary travelers.
-After the fall of Rome, the bishop of Rome,
became a powerful ruler
Two-fold basis:
1. the pope was believed to have inherited
the authority of St. Peter, the first bishop
of Rome and
2. The city of Rome, even after the fall of
the Roman Empire in the West, was the
center of the whole of Christendom.
-Christian Church split into two parts:
1. Roman Catholic Church in the west -recognizes
the pope as its supreme head
-believes in the veneration of the images of
Christ, St. Mary, and other saints
-uses Latin as its official language,
2. Greek Orthodox Church in the East- recognizes
the authority of the patriarch of
Constantinople
-doesn’t believe in veneration of images
- Greek language
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING
THE RENAISSANCE
RENAISSANCE- rebirth
-Study of the humanities, promoted arts and
literature, and liberated man’s mind from
medieval superstition
-Renaissance is the transition from the medieval
to modern times
-glorious finale to the Middle Ages, ushering the
bright dawn of the modern era.
Renaissance Inventions:
-encouraged the use of new material devices
as well as new ideas.
1. European mariners used the compass, which,
had been invented by the Chinese many centuries
earlier.
>>enabled them to sail into unknown seas
without fear of losing directions.
2.Sailors also found useful the astrolabe, which
the Arabs had introduced into Europe. This
instrument enabled mariners to estimate altitude.
3.portolani, or mariner’s chart, first used by the
Portuguese, also became popular.
4. Gunpowder, which was known to Chinese in
ancient times, was mentioned by Fr. Roger Bacon
and was used in the Hundred Years’ War.
5. Chinese paper
6. Printing press –invented by John Gutenberg
>>possible to produce books in large quantities at
lower cost
Effects of Renaissance:
-enriched world civilization, particularly in the
realm of fine arts, philosophy, literature, and
education. The Renaissance cathedrals,
masterpieces of art, and humanistic studies have
become the heritage of mankind.
-sparked the intellectual revolution. The
invention of printing and writings of the
Renaissance humanists awakened men’s minds
and destroyed many fallacies and superstitions
of medievalism.
-contributed to the geographical discoveries and
maritime exploration
-fostered the growth of national states
-weakened papacy and the nobility
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING
THE INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
  Law of Gravity

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION – John Napier

-profound intellectual awakening which changed  Napier’s Bone

man’s concept of the universe and his role in  Logarithms
human affairs
Rene Descartes
SCIENTIST AND THEIR INVENTIONS:
 Devised analytical geometry wich
Nicolaus Copernicus
combines Algebra and Geometry
 Formulated HELIOCENTRIC THEORY Andreas Vesalius
 Wrote ON THE REVOLUTIONS OF
CELESTIAL BODIES  Father of Modern Anatomy
 First to use human cadavers for the study
Galileo Galilei
of Anatomy
 Telescope William Harvey
 Discovered satellites of Jupiter
 Observe the spots in the sun  Blood circulation
 Law of Pendulum, Law of Falling Bodies ,
Principles od Acceleration Marcelo Malphigii
 Science of Dynamics (motion)
 Capillaries
Evangelista Torricelli
Caroleus Linnaeus
 Barometer
 Father of Taxonomy
Otto von Guerick (Gascoigne)  Binomial Nomenclature

 Micrometer Matthias Schleiden & Theodore

Schwann
Christian Huygens
 Cell theory
 Pendulum clock
Robert Boyle
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
 Boyle’s law
 First useful simple microscope
Antoine Lavoisier
Gabriel Fahrenheit
 Father of Modern Taxonomy
* alcohol thermometer and mercury
 Stated that water is composed of Hydrogen
thermometer developing the Fahrenheit
and Oxygen
temperature scale
 Discovered 23 elements in nature
Isaac Newton  Formulated the “Law of Conservation of
Matter”
 Calculus
Henry Cavendish *Cotton Gin

 Hydrogen James Watt

Joseph Priestly BenjaminFranklin/Luigi

Galvani/Alessandro Volta
 Oxygen

 Electricity
Mercator
Micheal Faraday
 epic world map
 Mercator projection-designed to help sailors  Electric dynamo
navigate around the globe
Robert Fulton
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  First steam boat

Industrial Revolution - remarkable change George Stephenson

in man’s life caused by the replacement of
hand labor by machine work.  First steam locomotive(rocket)

-peacefully, without bloodshed and George Eastman

without violence
 Camera
-began in England in the middle of the
18thcentury. Gottlieb Daimler

Scientists and Scholars who invented  First gasoline engine

Machines:
Rudolf Diesel
John Kay
 Diesel engine
 Flying shuttle
Charles Goodyear
James Hargreaves
 Rubber vulcanization
 Spinning Jenny
Wilbur & Orville Wright
Richard Arkwright
Samuel Morse
 Water Frame
 Telegraph
Samuel Crompton
Alexander Graham Bell
 mule
 Telephone
Edmund Cartwright
Thomas Edison
Eli Whitney
 Greatest American Inventor
  Light bulb Pre-Spanish Period- modern man from the
mainland of Asiafirst came to our land through a
Rene Laenec narrow bridge and first migrated to Batangas
and Palawan.
 Stethoscope
-making tools and weapons using stone
Christopher Shules flakes.

- like sawing and polishing stones

 typewritter
-make adzes ornaments made of seashells
John Edward Lundstrom and practiced pottery

 improved the safety match which was first - Filipinosbegan using metals
invented by Gustav Pasch
-mining copper, gold, bronze, and iron
Elias Howe
-Native Filipinos used gold, pearls, agate, etc.,
for body ornaments.
 sewing machine
- weaving, farming, and shipbuilding
Andre Jacques Garnerin
-started trading goods with the Vietnamese and
 parachute Chinese

Guglielmo Marconi -Filipinos have been known to use plants in

treating different kinds of diseases.
 wireless telegraph
- own alphabet, counting methods, measuring
Montgolfier Brothers system and calendar.

 first balloon used in flight

Henry Ford ORIGIN OF THE FIRST MAN IN THE

PHILIPPINES
 mass produced automobiles
- first migrant resembled the java man and
peking man
Francisco Petrarch
- second group ,AETAS
- third INDONESIAN
 father of humanism
- fourth MALAYS
Wright Brothers
Spanish Colonial Period
 first airplaine
 Spain conquered the Philippines from
1521, after Magellan discovered our
country
 led to the growth of science and
technology in the country
 formal education and founded scientific
History of Science and institutions.

Technology in the Philippines

  Parish schools were built were they
taught Theology, Mathematics, Music,
Reading and Writing.
 trained the Filipinos in agriculture.
 stablished colleges and universities all
over the country, including the oldest
University in Asia, the University of Sto,
Tomas (UST) in Manila.
 Medicine and Engineering were prioritized
 built government establishments,
churches, roads, bridges and forts
 botanists, chemists, and medical
 focus on trading( GALLEON TRADE)
The galleon trade had a negative effect on the
economic development in the Philippines. Agriculture
and industrial development were neglected, since the
Spaniards prioritized the trade due to its huge profits.
When the Suez Canal was built, trade was directed
to Spain instead of Mexico. It has led to the
development of agricultural exports and brought
prosperity to the “illustrados” (Filipinos with money and
education). The Filipino “illustrados” were now able to
send their children to universities in Europe.
American Period and Post-
Commonwealth Era
-.improvements in science and technology
Bureau of Government Laboratories-studies
tropical diseases and laboratory projects
-built in July 1, 1901 by the Philippine Commission
Bureau of Science -primary research center in
the Philippines
- replaced by the INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
-focused on agriculture, food processing,
forestry, medicine and pharmacy.
-bungalow-styled houses were introduced
- “The Science Act of 1958 to established the
National Science Development Board
National Research Council of the
Philippines (NRCP) – 1933
Institute of Science – 1946
The Science Act of 1958-
President Carlos P. Garcia
-created as a result of a survey that proved that
scientific research in the Philippines lack the
basic information, support and budget from
the government.
Marcos Era
•He stated in his State of the Nation Address that
there is a need for science in public high
schools, thus, he provided equipment for
science teaching for a period of 4 years.
•In 1968, he recognized that technology
greatly influences economic development,
hence, he provided additional funds to support
projects in applied science and science education.
•In 1969, he provided war damage funds to
private universities to encourage them to create
programs that focuses on science, technology and
research.
•In 1968, he proclaimed 35 hectares in
Bicutan, Taguig as the site of the Philippine
Science Community
.•In 1970, he upgraded the science curriculum
and equipment because it is crucial to the
science development program.
•In 1970, he added the Philippine Coconut
Research Institute to theNational Science and
Development Board (NSDB) to modernize the
coconut industry
•In 1972, he mandated the Presidential Decree No.
49 to support the promotion of scientific research
and invention
.•He established the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA).
•1976, he built the National Academy of Science
and Technology.
•1986, he built Philippine Science High Schools
in Visayas and Mindanao .
* industrial technology was poor
Fifth Republic
-Corazon Aquino succeeded Ferdinand Marcos
as president of the Philippines
>>the first President of the Fifth Republic
>> replaced the National Science and
Technology Authority to Department of Science
and Technology(DOST)
>>Presidential Task Force on Science and
Technology to assist DOST in the fulfillment of its
goals.
>>Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988, also known as R.A. 6655 was promulgated.
>>opened doors to free education up to the
secondary level and together with the “Science for
the Masses Program
>> National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA) published the Philippine
Development Plan for 1987-1992 which
emphasized the importance of science and
technology in the nature of economy.
>>stated that the development of science and
technology should be considered as one of the
top three (3) priorities of the government in
implementing the Philippine Development Plan
>>Philippine Inventors Incentive Act” which
provided assistance to Filipino investors through
financial aid, patent application assistance, legal
assistance, and to help investors sell their product
locally and internationally
>>Fidel Valdez Ramos, a retired Filipino
general and politician,servedas the 12th President
of the Philippines
- restored economic growth and stability
- improved science and technology
- 3000 competent scientist and engineers
- During the 5thRepublic of the
Philippines, 3,500 students, who are
interested in science and technology,
were given scholarship
- “Magna Carta for science and technology
personnel,” also known as the Republic
Act No. 8439 was approved. Its main
purpose was to provide incentives to
any personnel who made contributions
in the field of science and technology.
-Joseph Ejercito Estradais a Filipino politician
and former actor who served as the 13th President
of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001
>>use of internet was prioritized for the
advancement of schools and industry.
Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo is a
Filipino professor and politician who becamethe
14th President of the Philippines from 2001 until
2010.
>> RA 9367 or the “biofuels act,” which
promoted the development and usage of biofuels in
the country.
>> scie and tech reaches its golden age
>>higher economic growth
>> Philippine peso become the best performing
currency of the year in Asia in 2007
>>Evat Law
Benigno Aquino III is a Filipino politician who
served as the 15th President of the Philippines
from 2010 until 2016.
>>promulgated a law to promote agricultural
and fisheries mechanization development in R.A.
No. 10601, also known as the “Agricultural and
Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law.”
>> 7.1 GROWTH IN ECONOMY
>>honored four (4) scientists who gave huge
contributionsin the field of science and technology,
including Angel C. Alcala, Ramon C. Barba,
Edgardo D. Gomez and Gavino C. Trono.
Angel C. Alcala, Ph. D. has worked
tirelessly on studying marine species and
promoting reef conservation.He identified 50
new species of reptiles and amphibians. He was
behind the invention ofartificial coral reefs that
was used for fisheries in Southeast Asia.
Ramon C. Barba, Ph. D. was recognized
for his achievements in the field of plant
physiology, especially the induction of flowering of
mango and micro-propagation or rapid multiplying
of stock plant of important crop species.
Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph. D. led theworld’s first
national-scale assessment of damage to coral
reefs, resulting in international conservation
initiatives such as the Global reefs and Risk
Analysis, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
and International Coral Reef Action.
Gavino C. Trono, Jr., Ph. D. was cited for his
outstanding contributions in the field of tropical
marine phycology, focusing on seaweed
biodiversity. He was dubbed as the “Father of
Kappaphycus Farming.” He published extensive
studies on the culture of seaweed species that
benefited the livelihood of coastal populations and
was the first to report the occurrence of “ice-ice”
disease that affected many seaweed farms.
List of Filipino Inventors:
Engr. Marinto C. Martinez –invented the
Aerogas Catalytic Combustor (ACC), an anti-
pollution, eco-friendly invention
Aisa Mijeno –invented SALT or Sustainable
Alternative Lighting, an environment-friendly lamp
Atoy Llave –invented the SALAMANDER
Amphibious Tricycle, which can travel both on
land and in water
Roberto del Rosario –invented the karaoke
Fe del Mundo –was a pediatrician, and was
considered as the founder of pediatric hospital in
the Philippines. She also invented the medical
incubator
Dr. Abelardo Aguilar –invented Erythromycin,
which he sent to Ely Lilly who stole his idea and
patented it
Eduardo San Juan –invented the Moon Buggy
which allowed greater exploration of the moon
Eduardo Quisumbing –was a Botanist and
considered as the Father of Philippine
Orchidology
FERDINAND MAGELLAN- portugese explorer
who organized Spanish expedition
- discovered Philippines
EMILIO AGUINALDO- 1ST president of First
Republic of the Philippines
MANUEL L. QUEZON- 1ST president of
Philippine Commonwealth
CONTRIBUTIONS:
-woman suffrage
-National Council Education
-approved Tagalog as the National Language of
the Philippines
JOSE P. LAUREL – 1ST president of the 2nd
Republic of the Philippines
- founder of Lyceum of the Philippines
SEGIO OSMENIA SR – 2ND president of the
Philippine Commonwealth
- the country joined the International
Monetary Fund
MANUEL A. ROXAS – 1ST president of the 3rd
Republic of the Philippines
- reconstruction from war damage and life
without foreign rule began
ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO – 2ND president of the 3rd
Republic of the Philippines
RAMON MAGSAYSAY SR.- 3RD president of 3rd
Republic of the Philippines

- his presidency was GOLDEN YEAR for its

lack of corruption
- second in Asia’s clean and well-governed
countries
- National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Administration
- Philippine is member of Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization

CARLOS P. GARCIA – 4TH president of 3rd

Republic of the Philippines

- Filipino First Policy which favored Filipino

businesses over foreign investors
- Austerity Program focusing on Filipino
trade and commerce
- Cultural arts are revived

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL- 5th president of 3rd

Republic of the Philippines

- Land Reform Law, purchase of private

farmland
- Philippine peso in free currency exchange
market and encouraged exports
- Minimum Wage Law

RODRIGO DUTERTE – 16th

- Decongesting the Ninoy Aquino

International Airport in Manila
- Freedom of Information Order
- 24 hr compliant hotline,8888
- Smoking ban
- Boracay rehabilitated
- Launched the Build!Build!Build!
INfrastracture Program
- Train Law