(ILOCOS NORTE)

Long before the Spaniards arrived, there was a vast territory known for its gold mining (which
included the present-day provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, and La Union). Japanese
and Chinese merchants would frequently visit the area to barter gold for beads, ceramics, and
silk. The locals, who are said to be of Malay ancestry, called the area "samtoy," a contraction of

"sao mi toy," which literally means "or language."

After establishing the Spanish City of Manila in 1571, the Spanish conquistadors began hunting
for additional administrative sites to conquer. Juan De Salcedo, Legaspi's grandson,
volunteered to command one of these missions. The 22-year-old traveler set sail towards the
north with eight armed boats and 45 men.
Salcedo and his soldiers arrived in Vigan on June 13, 1572, and then went to Laoag, Currimao,
and Badoc. They were surprised to observe numerous sheltered coves ("looc") where the
natives lived in peace as they sailed along the coast. As a result, they named the place "Ylocos"
and the people who lived there "Ylocanos."
The topography of the area changed as the region's Christianization progressed. In keeping with
the Spanish objective of "bajo las campanas," large tracts of land were used for churches and
bell towers. Garrisons were popular in the town plaza, especially under the church bells. The
colonization effort was progressing slowly.
The colonization of the territory by the Spanish, on the other hand, was never totally effective.
Many Ilocanos revolted against their colonizers due to the abusive acts of many Augustinian
friars. The Dingras insurrection (1589) and the Pedro Almasan revolt are notable examples (San
Nicolas, 1660). Diego Silang conducted a series of wars in 1762 to free the Ilocanos from
Spanish rule. His widow Gabriela carried on the cause after he was killed by an assassin's
bullet. Unfortunately, she was also apprehended and hanged. Piddig's sugar cane ("basi")
brewers rose up in arms in 1807 to oppose the government's monopoly on the wine industry.
Gregorio Aglipay was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1898 for refusing to convert to
Catholicism.

•PRODUCTS AND SPECIALIZATION

 •In Ilocos Norte, the DTI Provincial Office arranged a trade show in collaboration with the
municipal government of San Nicolas, chaired by Mayor Alfredo Valdez, where less than 20
delegates from Hawaii had first-hand engagement with at least 16 selected MSMEs in the
province.
“Each of the participating MSMEs was given time to exhibit their products to the delegates so
that they could actually see, taste, and feel their products,” Racela said, hoping for a similar
event next year in Hawaii.
“The FCCH delegates, through their president, Dr. Walch, insisted that the province attend the
trade exhibition in Hawaii in July of next year, and they guaranteed us that they would give us
an invitation. For our MSMEs, this will be a government-to-government activity,” Racela
explained.
•CUSTOMS(TRADITIONS THEY PERFORM)

The provincial government is “in full swing” for the 200th founding year celebration, according to
Ilocos Norte Tourism Officer Ianree “Aian” B. Raquel.
On Feb. 2, the Bicentennial will kick off with the “Tan-ok,” a province-wide dance competition
featuring the native festivals of the province's various municipalities and cities.
Ilocos Norte is primarily a lowland and agricultural province, but it also has Cordillerans and
coastal villages, as well as a history of collective faith and resistance against tyrants. On the
"Tan-ok" stage, such tales are told.
“Now that the bicentennial year is underway, we and the other industries are getting down to
business.

Ilocos Sur is a beautiful province located in the northern part of Luzon. It is a province rich in
culture that represents the ancient Spanish and Filipino heritage. To show and share their
treasures to the whole world, the locals conceived a festival that highlights these cultural
traditions and they called it the “Kannadiwan Festival”.

It is a celebration that lasts from the last week of January up to the first week of February.
Included in the course of events is the commemoration of the foundation day of the province.

On the opening day, there is usually a mass held at the St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral. It is
followed by a procession of the Patron Saints of the 40 parishes and images of Jesus Christ and
Virgin Mary around the city. It is the Ilocanos' way of giving thanks to the Almighty not only for
the bountiful blessings but also for the rich heritage of the city, including the close family ties
among the Ilocanos. This event showcases the deep-rooted religiosity of folkwalk

The Bayanihan Dance Company is the much awaited event of the celebration. It is presented by
world-class performers showcasing the Beauty of the Philippines through dances, music, and
sounds. Spectators are clapping with joy because of their great performances, graceful
movements, and excellent rendition of songs while playing native musical instruments.

A food festival is also held at Plaza Salcedo. There is fireworks display after the meal, lighting
up the sky with a million colorful specks and flashes.

One interesting event of the festival is the annual “Pinaka”contest where locals exhibit their
amazing farm and fishery products and livestock. Another activity that catches the attention of
the visitors is the gathering at Vigan Plaza Hotel, where Ilocos Sur comes back to the olden
times and participants wear their old-fashioned dresses as they party to the tune of old songs

and drown in the memories of old Ilocos.

One mission of the festival is paying more attention to the children. It is because of the
observation that many traditions, songs, dances, and other Ilocano culture are not recognized
by the younger generations of the province. Instead, children are paying more attention to the
modern and novelty dances they see television than the traditional ones. It is one of the reasons
why the Kannadiwan Festival is conducted.

Here, children may appreciate their rich culture and tradition. Also on the opening day of the
festival, a traditional ritual is performed by the students of the Ilocos Sur, especially high school
 students. There are different contests that focus to the ability and skills of the students. These
include traditional tribal rituals, choir and glee club competition, marching band contest,
traditional music ensemble, dance drama, traditional and folk dances, contemporary dance
competition, and street dancing showdown.
•PEOPLE OF THE PROVINCE
Several court judgements, both here and abroad, allege that Marcos and his family profited
themselves at the expense of the public during his presidency, according to anti-Marcos figures.
Those court rulings, on the other hand, were made without Marcos there to defend himself.
Long after Marcos died in Hawaii in 1989, many of his cases were tried and resolved.

In 2016, Marcos was laid to rest at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. The Supreme Court supported
the validity of his burial at the heroes' cemetery.

Despite the many wrongdoings attributed to Marcos by his detractors, it cannot be denied that
his presidency coincided with a period of rapid infrastructural development throughout the
country.

Highways and medical facilities.

To commemorate Marcos' birth anniversary, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte issued
Proclamation 310 in 2017, declaring September 11 as a special non-working holiday in Ilocos
Norte. The purpose of the holiday was for the Ilocano community to remember Marcos' life and
achievements to the country as a war hero, prominent legislator, and president.

Last week, the House of Representatives remade Proclamation 310 by passing a law
establishing September 11 as a special non-working holiday in Ilocos Norte to celebrate the late
authoritarian leader's birth anniversary.The House passed House Bill 7137, declaring
September 11 as “President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos Day” in Ilocos Norte, with 197 votes in
favor, nine votes against, and one abstention.

Reps. Ria Farias and Angelo Barba of Ilocos Norte, as well as Probinsyano Rudy Farias of Ako
was the bill's sponsor.

Legislators who associate with lefties, like as Gabriela Rep. Arlene Brosas and Bayan Muna
Rep. Carlos Zarate, criticized the action, as expected. They were adamant about linking Marcos
and martial law to human rights abuses.Local reds led by exiled Jose Ma. Sison are well aware
that martial law, imposed in 1972, effectively thwarted their plan to install a communist
government in the Philippines.

The imposition of martial law allowed for the quick arrest and detention of known communist
officials, as well as the dissolution of their front organizations among workers, peasants, and
university students. During the height of martial law, communist cadres fled to the countryside
and became common robbers, demanding "revolutionary levies" from province-based
businesses.
 Ferdinand"Makoy"Marcos.

THE READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Member:Mary Rose V. Sicat

Lady Heart W. Garcia
Name Group: THE DUO