1~

.,, ,,·/ \\1i11

-: . .f / ~
\\!lt!,,,.., eed to mana ge our resou rces ? 16.3 Water for all
_.. v,e Jl
16.3. 1 Darns
; vimY dO ~11d wi,Idlife
i ts i:V ' 16.3.2 Water harves ting
I8, fV(es -1reho lders 16.4 Coal and petrol eum
-i 1 st~
111 • 16·2• rJatlag ernent of fores t 16.5
An overview of natura l resour ce management
16-z.2

~ - - -- - -;( Gist of the Chap ter ),- -- -- - -- - -o

,. es : The natur ally occur ring ( 5 ) Recyc le : It mean s the proces sing of things
. esour c .
,.1r&l r . h are used by huma n bemg s for that are consid ered waste and turnin g
~w· 5 wh1c are called natur al resou rces. them into useful produ cts.
J, _011 rce
re~ urposes conce pt of susta inabl e devel opme nt
115 ..,,;r fores ts, wildli fe, coal , 6. The
,..-1ri0 .P water, c;u. ,

soil, e the ex ampl es of natur al encou rages eco-fr iendly appro ach that meets
etc. ar curre nt basic huma n needs .
oriroJeuril,
· urces. Econo mic devel opme nt is linked to
reso Ganga Actio n Plan was starte d for
8 enviro nmen tal conse rvatio n.
1.111 1~ ~· and maint aining the quali ty of water
c]eanIDg 7. The natur al resou rces need to be manag ed
. the river Ganga . due to follow ing reaso ns :
ll1 nee of faeca l colifo rm bacte ria
The prese . { 1 ) They shoul d last for future genera tion
. di ates conta mina tion by disea se ( 2 ) They shoul d be equall y distrib uted
in
water Ill c
. g micro organ isms . { 3 ) The resou rce are used in such a way that
causID
e meas urabl e facto rs which are the enviro nmen t shoul d not be harme d.
3. There are som .
olluti on or the qualit y of are impo rtant renew able natura l
used to quan tify P 8. Fores ts
water. resou rces.
The pH of wa ter can be easily check ed A wide range of differe nt life forms are
using universal indica tor. fou nd th ere · They are biodiv ersity hot spots.
Water with a pH level betwe en 6.5 - 8.5 9. The differ ent stakeh olders in a forest are:
is
safe for drink ing. ( 1 ) Peopl e who live in or aroun d forests ,
4.Conservation is contr olled utiliz ation of natur al ( 2 ) The Fores t Depar tment of the Gover nment
resources for the benef it of all life forms . ( 3 ) The indus trialis ts
l, The five R's to save the envir onme nt are: ( 4 ) The wildli fe and nature enthu siasts .
(1 l Refuse : It mean s not to buy produ ct that 1 O. The Gove rnmen t of India has institu ted an
can harm the envir onme nt. 'Amri ta Devi Bishn oi Natio nal Award for
(2l Rectuce : It mean s use less and save natur al Wildl ife Conse rvatio n', in the memo ry of
resources Amri ta Devi Bishn oi, who in 1731 sacrificed
(al R.eu : It · mean s use thing s again and her life along with 363 others for the protection
.se
( lnagain ·
Instea d of throw ing away. of 'Khejr i' trees.
4 ~epurp
ose : It mean s a produ ct can be 11. Cbipk o Ando lan ('Hug the Trees Movement')
Usect ~ was starte d in early 1970 from Reni viJlage ,
Illar or other purpo se, when it is no
e useful for its prim ary and main in Garhw al.
i, Purpos e
11 6et, .
14ce. St
• d. io (Part 2) I E2614 I ~ ~ .Ci'~, .dt,.f l!ttA
 (.) (l'J\l l'f Z) •• C
"'ANJ>J\fU) l HO(.',i,tl , 1: <;0 .I IIH11 J, .
d;111 1H

'
Scl .,~t,.NCIC: S I c f tll -~ .
:q,q
202 1,: 11 -,rc
,,, . I 1·>ro1>lc1Jh~ - v

II of :I ,v1ro llll 11·11l ,1

I I
I l ' ltlplu .1 /\tH Ill .,11
Il ,\ .I ·I
. 1··
·ffnt 't
w ;,.s
(l)
th<'
('lld
rc :,, ll
tlti ' . t11c11 :dl1l tl
c•
•• , ter ttat
,
,res tbig Jc
H''II I S
·•
·Jug r1111
~ ,or IIJ..r.
..
oll
1' ; 1l11v,,, I
-1 •: ,
t!,1'r\:<S t'l)lli l . J.O· wo j',.,IIH or H 1o•
w;1l1 :r It
.
,ir . rOil. •sts wJ11~rc II I :1
pco pk I n" " , . . . . •st r,1111.tc o
r
12 Sal I A1-- 1lr11·t l t 111 . 1ocn l :ircn s,
fore sts In t ic • . .. I
·I , Sin gh won L11<: Sl.ocl~lic11i, ,
•
M!(h1,1pon· di.sl t'ic t it' Vks t Uct11~· 1 w1·1T ::i:1vc < J.{a jend ra
. '
1
. .. I v1ll:1~l'rs. or 201 5. He IS l<nO Wll
ln- the in\'n l\·c, rn•11 t , i t the \IH,I ;'lk ln<11a\1
•
'
, . I , Jlllti 111
Wai.Cl" I·) I•l ,,''l', ill
. ,
13 Mon ocu ltur e ot pint .. tcnk :1 11d < tH ,, ) I . ,.... rate1•rnan'.
. • . ·t · I s<>ttrcc oi w coa l an d pc..l ro lcum W(:r i,
J)q):trl111ct1 .
· , ' lll illlp Ol ,Ill
1 he ron~ st :1rc:1 ; \l 1 •
' .
fue ls 1.c. •
1 L>nl such ll1 <' deg rad atio n o r b lorn ui'ii'\·
, . Fos
n ' \"l' lllll' ti.H' the Fln·o
;I 16 sil '
• rrne cl r·ot
1 n ,
p1·:1,·t!sc dc.st n)~rs l>io dtvc rsity.. fo
all tc rres trinl f yea rs ago .
I
mil ion~ s o
14. \\';1t1'r i s ;1 l> ;ls. 1<., 1,ccc sstty
. - ~~ tor d , }lave bee n larg ely rneL h
• -
fon ns uf lifl'. Ene r·gy nee s d pet role um. Y
R:1in is ~, ver~, imp orta nt s ourc e or fresh I rese rves of coa l an
t ie ed to loo k for alternative
W wou ld ne
w:ne r.
Lar~,.e
dam s can ens ure the stor age o.f
I for irrigatio n an d •·"ot
sou rces
e
of ene rgy
bec aus e coa l and petr. oleu m
ergy reso urc es.
-~agen~d~eerat
1...' -
;q~1;1a~tin~gc;,_v~ela~tect;rei~r~n
city.~ia;i:n~y~=~~==~~~---'-==~~===;~-- ---- -- -- -- -- --o
are ex11 c:aus
.
tibl e en

= = - - - - - - :A:--::N=D~ A~N~S;WlTFE;R~Ssl
]
QUESTIONS -
Act ivit y 16.1 [T. B. Pg. 266 ] An Plan tati on o ·f tree s and con serv atio n of green
s.
• To find out the inte rna tion
cov er on ·the ear th is the sim ple st way to
al nor ms to regu late regu late the C 0 2 1e Vel in env iron men t.
the emi ssio n of car bon diox
ide. 3. Wh at is glob al war min g ?
➔ Car bon dioxide (CO } is the prim
ary gree nho use
Glob al war min g is the inc rea se in average
2
gas emi tted thro ugh hum an activ Ans .
ity. tem per atur e of the ear th's env iron
➔ The inte rna tion al nor ms men t due
to regu late the to incr eas e in am oun t of gre enh
emi ssio n CO are bas ed on Kyo ous e gases.
2 to Pro toco l.
Act ivit y 16. 2 [T. B. Pg. 267 }
➔ Thi s pro toco l was neg otia
ted in Dec emb er,
199 7 at the city of Kyoto, Jap an • To find out the nam es of org
and cam e ani sat ion s involved
into forc e on Feb ruar y 16th , 200 in spr ead ing awa ren ess abo ut the
5. con serv atio n
of nat ura l res our ces .
➔ As of Dec emb er 200 6, a tota l of
169 cou ntri es
hav e sign ed the agre eme nt. ➔ NG O (No n Go ver nm ent Org ani sati ons
) such
us SEA CO LOG Y and Me ra Des
➔
Und er this pro toco l, ind ustr iali sed h Fou nda tion
cou ntri es spr ead awa ren ess abo ut the env
mu st red uce thei r coll ecti ve emi ssio iron men t and
ns of CO 2 pro mo te acti viti es tha t lea d
and oth er gre enh ous e gas es to an to con serv atio n
ave rage of of nat ura l res our ces .
5 % aga inst 199 0 leve ls.
Som e oth er org ani sati ons tha
Qu esti ons : t wor k for
the con serv atio n of the env iron
1. Wh y is it nec essa ry to regu late the me nt.
emi ssio n CSE -Th e Cen tre for Sci enc e and
of car bon dio xid e? Env iron men t.
Ans . Car bon diox ide is a maj TER - The Ene rgy and Res our
or gre enh ous e gas ces Inst itut e.
tha t cau ses glob al war min g. Wh WT I - Wil dlif e Tru st of Ind ia.
ich resu lts
into clim ate cha nge . So, it is Qu esti ons :
nec essa ry to
reg ulat e the emi ssio n of car bon 1. Wh ich
diox ide. org ani sati on( s) is/ arc a c tivr 1 1
·t
2. Wh ich is the sim ple st way to spr ead awa ren ess
reg ulat e the abo ul con ser v ntlP l\ o\
CO 2 leve l in env iron men t ? our env iron me nt and nat ura l
n ·so un •f:-, \!'
you r vill aQ'e/ lmm" 1,. 1
 lYl/iNJ\Q E
-c,so11rcc management ~fil' or
11~ r , ti~
~;11 vtronmental NGos, , ¾ ~s
5
, ~
;
~11 o,r c"enfor Environment anct Socia.I ~ Litin_u.s o~cEs
1
Cancer < '1-..
cc1ife ca n contribute t ns. ? 1
" th ta Paper does
' you - owarct 8, ~ p Wat not Sho 203
~o• , uon of our env!ronrnent the I
~ 'Wate, s er. w colour cf-
i, ,onscrva ¾d natUra.1 l Colo cllnple cou lclt1ge
1, Ur '"'t1-.
-ources.
, __ ·• 1'--'-1 ectect fron-i
ft:5 con tribu le towards the c0 rect as i·t . Pl-I inclicato Ponct show"
caJl
,, Vi' , environment and natura1 nserva tion b Ody. 1s ct·'PPed In r. L1t us Paper "ti rec1
111
f,11 f our resollrce C Water of trns
o foJloW!ng: s •11c1Usion: loca1 Water
bY 1,irnit the use personal vehicl . ~ 1'he Un
11 I se public transport. e, lilsteact Wh.iJe wcontaniinated t
u
Z) Nflnim1se . ater of 1 ap Wate
the wooden furniture at Quesuons. ocai Water b r is neutral
( borne. OUr l. ,1TL · .
Ody is ac,ctic.
) Do not waste paper and Othe •v11at
b d is th e cat se f
(3 1
r natura.1 Y?° or acidic w
resources. Ans, p 1 . ater ln Water iJ
4) Do not pollute water reservoir o lution . l1
f',
~ in is the rna111 ca :'.i
111
(( s. , Water b d c use for
5 ) Do not use insecticides/ pe~licld . ~ 2. C o y. acidic Water Ii
, , -cs. t an aquatic l Ii!
(6) Do not cut trees. do not clc·1r f . ,: Wat b - ife survive in .j
h was the Ga t n1 c~t~. , er octy?
A.n acidic wate r or
g, l, W y nga Action Plon s, No. aquauc life c :! ·\
bed? Which faecal bacte rium Wus r . water. annot survive in
-~ ,ound I
n oanga water indicating ~contl\JuinaUon? acidic 'I
A., 8 The Ganga Acllon l h1n wns l·,,, ,. _ , I
JlJ' • -~ ' 11 '- 1ll' C1 In 3. Can you say whether the water Is polluted ' I
5 lo improve the qu;tl!ty or w ·ittT iii C' · - ·: or not on lhc basts of your observaUons ?
98 . ' •dll~a \ I
rl remove the polluUon c-,n1~ed bv cl lseasc c· . ~ Ans, Yes, tap water Is clean and non-po\lutcd,
11 • '~ ~ d\l ~ 1II~ \
11croorgantsms. ;, Water of water body ls polluted.
faecal coliform b artfrt ,1 wcrr fo un d tn Ga nga i
Q. 2. Explain five R's in detail with
aler lndlcallng co11t amin a tio 11 . ;: examples. OR I 11

i' ,I
Activity 16. 3 [T. B. Pg. 268] What is meant by five types of 'R' (5 - R's)
~ to
save the environment? Explain.
ro check the pH of tap water and compare
Ans. Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and
It with pH of the wate r i.n the local water
body.
!~ Recycle are the five R's of environment protection.
( l ) Refuse means say No to things that we
Apparatus: Test tub es or hca kc r
~ don't need. Refuse to buy products that can harm
? human beings and the environment. Stop the use
Mlterials: Universal pH lncl!cato r / litmus paper ( of plastic carry bags, pesticides, CFCs, etc.
Procedure:
<'
,: ( 2 ) Reduce means less use of resources and
➔Take water sample from ta p of your hom e ~ save Umse . Switch off the fans and lights when
in a test tube. ~ not In use. Reduce the wastage of water, food
➔Add few drops of the universaJ indicator into ~ and other items. .
U1e te s t tube containing tap water. 1 ( 3) Reuse means use th! ngs again and agam.

➔ Observe .
the water sample in the test tube {I e.g.. instead of th •.owing away used ·t'c envelopes.
bottles
0
for c l t d it again. The p1as I
our change. 1 reverse it an use , d ·tems Uke Jam
.., Test < buy various 10° •1 ·
Pl! using a lltmus paper, In the waler ) ln which you t rtng things In the
sa111 I be used for s o
p e Placed in a beaker. \~ or pickle can
' ~ip \he litmus paper Into the water In the ( kitchen. ns a product can no more
Ilea! Water body ( ( 4) Repurpose mea ose use il for some
, Obscrv , . er ,, ed for the ortgtnaI pu rp, , ,ked crockery or
0t, c colour changes of !he litmus pap . \ be us urpose. e.g.. c rac ,, d 10 grow
, 'cfltttton : :: oU1er uscfubl opken handles can be! birds. u~or
'te~t lttl , ' . .. ellow ',\ cups, wl lh r . I ,is frcdlnr,r1 vess('
., s
lt. t rmt :i l t1i11 <1 1·111 w:-Hcr, turns Y ·. 11 plants ,,rnc
11r r-. ' • :, sma
Wi t.Ji ;Hldltin 11 l,r p l r ind 1c:1tor.
,,.___
 204 10 (PART 2)
SCIENCE : STANDARD
1 ) Roacls
can be
built with cernent
( 5 ) Recyc le means makin g new products ~' 8 ( or Ii/·
An · mer plastic mix instead of , . llh
from the old, used ones. e.g. , recycle used paper, ., po1y toa.lt;
using cement and iron to 1
·t.
plastic bags, glass material and metals like tins. ~ ( 2 l BY
cans, foils. etc. beams and by using alurn1niu lo·<l~{:
~
fibreglass to make windows anct ; ()r
Q. 3. Expla in : The conce pt of sustai nable
we can reduce the usage of woou .or \
0

devel opme nt. OR

Susta inable devel opme nt implie s a change
in all aspec ts of life. Justify.
Ans. The concept of sustainable development
implies a change in all aspects of life. This can
be depicted by the following :
➔ It encourages various forms of growth that
meet curre nt basic needs.
➔ It preserves the resources for the needs of
future generation.
➔ It takes into accou nt the enviro nmen t
conservation, while not ignoring economic
development.
This depen ds upon the willingness of the
people to change their perceptions of the socio-
economic and environmental conditions around
them.
Activity 16.4 [T. B. Pg. 269]
• To visit a town or village after a few years of
absen ce, note down the major developmental
chang es there.
➔
Major developmental changes in a village are,
( i) New roads have been built
(ii) New house s have been constructed.
(iii) Factory and new mark et have been setup.
Ques tions :
1. Make a list of the mater ials for making
roads and buildings with their probable
sourc es.
Ans. Materials Probable sourc es
Grani te Rocks
Ceme nt Factories. Raw mater ials
Why do we need to manage
1,.1
1.---- resources ?
011 ~
~ I
g. 4 _Why do sustainable natural resource
management is neede d ?
AnS. The demand for all resources is increaSing ,
at an exp onential rate with tremendously increas1ng
human population.
- > Management of natur al resou rces is required
so that these will last for the generations lo
come and will not be exploited for short-terni i
gains.
- > This mana geme nt shoul d ensur e equitable
distribution of resou rces and benefits frorn
the development of resou rces for entire human
society.
➔ No damages cause d to the environment during
extraction or use of resou rces. For that,
sustainable natur al resou rces management Is
planned with prope r and safe disposal of wastes.
Activity 16.5 [T. B. Pg. 270]
• To prepare a report on traditional practices
for conservation of natur e in day-to-day life.
➔ Tradi tional pract ices for conservation of
natur e:
( 1 l Tulsi, Calot ropis, Asopalav, Ficus (Plpal),
Khejdo, Bany an trees and various other
trees are plante d, which are considered
sacre d and worsh ipped by the people in
majority of India n villages and towns.
( 2 l Several birds , cow and even snakes have
been consi dered sacre d. Therefore, U1ey
are prote cted.

obtain ed from natur e. ( 3 ) The conce pt of cultur al landscape such

Brick s as sacre d forests, sacre d corridors and
Soil
a variety of ethno -fores try pracuccs arr
Steel Mined from the soil
the mean s for prote ction of natu re ,iiH,l
Wood Fores t
natur al resou rce . Th ey are observe(l b''·
2. What are the ways in which the mater ials people.
used in const ructio n can be reduc ed ?
( 4) Several rivers have been rcntsld1·rrd ~in rd
 _,,/. Qllt::'=" .. •-··- ' ~. 4.0 . rg. 2
, . il~t 7 1J
ffl,_.,/"
,.;_,,/ cbanges can You
mttt tna1te i
6·~v Jl1C more environtn n Your
Ll· i,eco ent-frie
~ ,o make following ch lld.ly ?
,1~ ve c8ne
11 anges i
more enVironrne nt-f . n our
l '' ;, \· ·
, .vi pccoi rienct1 16.t ~
'. ,o Of paper b ags, Jute b ag . Y: Ot~&i&
.r
. . l)
use s lllsteact
Of "lld
, ,1dS· a· Q. 9. Wit Wildlife
,/ IJ': 1~ or cycle to cover short
distance
lltl Of
c 011
at is b
ioc:l.i
.•· \\ il the b·l ()(\i servat·l()ll. \1ersih, '>
. (Jl 00 not throw garbage anY\Vhere. . •:, . '1rL
\terstt of bi ·• qat is th
1:l l of r e newable .l\ns 13 · -:y h.ot sp Oc:l.i'V'ersity '> e tn.a.tn
use resources variety . lOdivers1t-,, . ots '? . 'What a.r
1l substances . and of s "J is th e
I dable ferns fl Peeies of e %nib
J ~f<1 rttching off electrical appliances ' 0 wer· life er ¾d
. cJ S\\ When reptiles lllg Plants fornis lb range of
t:i d , ete ) i , neniat acteria f
q11ire · The l'h~;,.., n an area. Odes, insects, b~gl,
. ft' not pollute and waste ltd
· . )
6
oo Water.
Preserve th
•q~l .
ai.rn of ea s,
.

I Wbat would be the adv e bioct· nservau

6, 'th antages t ivers1ty on is t
g, resources WI short-ten n . of orests are kn that We h o try anct
ititlg at111s ?
16 2 own as 'biod· ave inherited.
~o The advantages of exploiti · . , l St lVers1ty
AflS• . ng resourc ~ hot spots'
.terJ.11 aims are a s follows .• es
. ,11ort
) I·I )we will able to meet current b as1c. human A.ctiVity 16.6
• To kn [T. B. Pg. 27I J
_:JS,
ow about
our de
It will be beneficial for tll e resources. pendency on
12) present forest
•·1 racton. Questions:
·· )There will be rapid industrial growth 1. Make a 1.
13 ist of forest
jcultural growth and hence, economi~ commonly use. products that we
: t
,•, doprnen . Ans. Wood b
, amboo, fuel, timber .
g.7, How would these advantages differ from paper, medicine and , fnuts, herbs,
;eadvantages of using a long-term perspective that many 0ther products
we commonly use come from forests.
J lllanaging our resources ?
2. What do you th'mk a person liVing near
Ans, Using a long-term perspective is to reap
a forest would use ?
~r profit in a sustainab le manner so that the
Jura! resources willlast for generatio ns to Ans. A person liVing near a forest might use
wood, fodder, dry leaves, bamboo, fruits,
J1e and will not merely be exploited to hit
vegetables, herbs, etc.
iJrt-terrn gains.
3 . What do you think a person living in a
All the sections of society should be made
forest would use?
:-:are about conservat ion and pr otection of the
Jironment. Ans. A person living in a forest is almost entirely
dependent on the forest for all basic needs,
Q.S. Why do you think that there should
i.e., fire wood, small timber, fodder and
~ equitable distribution of resources ? What
tree8 grass, bamboo, nuts and medicines, food,
Est , W ould be working against an equitable
clothing, shelter, fishing, hunting, etc.
nbution of our resources ? n the person's
ow these needs depend upo
:r~s. There should be equitable distributio n 4. H
area in which they live ?
·.esourc-·es so that both rich as well as poor, . vill".l6e or town are
-. ~et benefltted. who live m a "'t,
Ans, Peop1e t than those who
Dr
0f t on fores
\ ,'>W<:rfuI and rich people take advantage less dependen
'• inn ~ near the forest.
, ,~ ~:~:_-'r
•.·,'rl,1,~d get
more benefit as compared 1
_

I .._ , ~.. ( '\ 1" \. l .~

uve in Or
 , . RD 10 (PART 2)
:mo SCIENCE: STANDA I few Industrialists anct
fitted on Y a a.qe,1
. -> lt l)euc t source of revenue for l\..4
9, 10. L-ist tbt- stnkcholdct"S Utat we ne ed ~ as an imporlan •1~

t\, h)nk ftw u,e- of forests '?

<.'lHtservation
An~ . ( I l l'h\' p('ol'k 11,·111 ~ (11 nr :1n 1u11d
t~, r-..'st.:- ; rtH' \' ;\ !'\' .lqw111knt
l ._, ' Ti t,' r~H-t'~( l\.' l\;\\ 111w11 t nf lhl' Cuvrruntcnl : ~
ir ,,,, n :-:. th1' l.\lld ,md ,\111 trPb tltr r c~o1t1Tl'/', l'ro11 1 \
, :~ \ l'lH'
lndn~tri:1li$!$ : Tht'Y ust v.1rlous rnw
:11.1:,'rt.d-:- ,i nd .in' thll dcµemknt on the forests ~
,a .my ,,n._, ,n·c,1 . l'h,•~· rxµl ott rrnm everywhere . \
l -{ 1 nw ~nthustasts : They \
N:1tnrc :md \Vildlit't·
:,c'.p t," ,,,,,1~,'rn' n:\tmT in its or.ig'inal form.
g. 11. Explain how are forest resources
aff~ted by major stakeholders.
Ans. }'on'st resources are affected by major
( 1 ) The Local People : These are the people
w lh.' lin' in or around forests.
- · They are dependent on forest products for
Y:arim1s needs of their life.
_.,. They need large quantities of firewood , small
timber and thatch for their living.
_., They usr bamboo for making slates of their
hut s and baskets for collecting and storing
fruits . ,·egetables and other food materials.
_.,. They use wood for making implements for
ag1icu lh1re. fishing and hunting.
_,, The local people usually remain busy in
rollecting fruits. nuts. fodder. medicines, etc.
from U1e forest.
➔ Their cattle also graze in forest area.
➔ For all these activities local people use forest
resources in a sustainable manner and do not
cause harm to forest in anyway.
( 2 ) The Forest Department of the
Government : The Forest Department of the
Government took over charge of forests from
the British in Independent India.
➔ They ignored needs of local people and started
converting vast tracts of forests to monocultures
of pine. teak or eucalyptus.
➔ They cleared of all vegetation of the area and
s tarted planting the trees of their own choice.
➔ This practice led to the
biodiversily to great extent in the given area.
\ l Department.
<
., Fores dustrialists : Forest biodive .
:, ( 3 ) The 1n . rslt\•
· , . ·s due to activities of Industria.i· •
1,11 liir c:-. t prod 11r (H \ suffers a gre<.1t 1os is~
~ ~ . U forests as merely a sou re
" who Joolc at 1e e Of
raw materials. .
ot bother for sustamabillty of th
,, -► They c1o n e
~ forest or ecological problems of the area.
~' ➔ They extr act the required materials
.
With out
. ing it for future generations.
\ replents11
· g the t eak trees .
ample after c1eann
\ For ex • 1n
one area,
they start new project of cutting tre
es
in another area.
( ) The Nature and Wildlife enthusiasts : They
4
are the people who work for conservation anct
management of forest and wildlife.
➔ These include local people who traditionally
work for conservation of forests.
Activity 16.7 [T. B. Pg. 272)
• To name any two products of forest used
in an industry and find out a sustainable
alternative for such products.
➔ Tendu leaves are used in Bidi industry.
Essential oils are used in the manufacture
of soaps and cosmetic industry.
➔ Over exploitation of forests is not sustainable
in the long run. We need to control our
consumption. Plantation of trees is necessary.
Q. 12. Prejudice against the traditional use of
forest area has no basis. Explain with example.
Ans. 'Prejudice against the traditional use of
forest areas has no basis.' This statement can be
explained with following example :
The great Himalayan park contain alpine
meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer.
Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the
velly every summer. This practice was banned.
when the National park was formed. Because of
no grazing, the grass first grew very tall and then
fell over ori the ground preventing fresh growth.
Hence the traditional use was helpful for thr
forest maintenance.
Q. l3. Explain Bishnois community as 8
stake for conservation of forests.
destruction of Ans. Bishnoi community lives in wrsten 1
RajaS th an on the Thar desert border.
 ·-- ~..., .l.VlJ\NAGE1wfE
N1' 0 F NA.l'lJlt.u_
, 11·c -lodng p e ople . conse rvation of ? llEsoultcEs
11
~1t1 J1:lS been a r e ligious te net for ~ ( 3 ) Los
.,· ,1i''.;,c11ifc .' sou eros1 s of forest cover
207
[ 4 ) olnn anct decrease
ln thcauses incr ease in
i 111. f ,, '!'
",1 ,·.~
11 i ·witi1 tJ1e basic philosop}1y that t creas e t
' ,1 •
,.. rt'
h a ve
livJ flg
a right to survive
<' Sanct ~ gr
ernperatu.re . e in the am
eenhou.s
in the
ert11ity of lanct.
,.,aunt f
, .,· , 1 . th lllo atrno h o CO2 and
.•pt. wl! 0 ,rces. e effects sp ere. l'h1·s
'. Ii' .. rcs t
1 . · leacts
i . ,111 conserving the flora and fauna [ 5 ) I) to i
·, 1t't LJ eefl . . . . . of i ll.e to loss f
~-1• . 11:1,·c of sacrif1cmg their lives to protect Oodweb break o habitat of wu . \
ii/) e~tent t becorne enct . As a result of ·t dlife, chains i

l
' ' t11l: 1:ronJllen . d angerect or exu i rnany organisrns
:, -11' ien t of In i a ins t ituted an ( 6 ) 'fhe net.
,11,· < vernn . to ecosystem b
·'1·1l ~ogisllnoi National Award for Wildlife deforestation anct alance is disturb d

·if.I1
acr '
· 1111:,
,: : •
oevl
r::'1 ~,uofl·
• ~war
d iS m
. the memory of Amrita DeV1·
s a crifice d her 11·ie aJong \Vl'th 363
~
,1,
functlonin
16
.2.2 Ma.nag
ement
irregulartti
g of biogeochern1ca1
r
,orest
.
e due
es arise in the
cycles I
..,.,,oi ,,~; 1 31 for the protection of Khej ri trees i Q. 16. Write a note on 'Chi
.,

1.. \

,:_~: ., ill 11 ge n ear Jodhpur in RaJ as t ha 11 . •,:' Ans. 'fhe Chtpko And Pko Andolan'
:::'1 ; rail vi a the T olan also k
. ~)it.I tion the significance of forests. :, r ees Movement'. nown as 'Hug
g 14• J'den · f r • > This And 1
. 5 s·gnificance
1 o ,orests: ( I l l•o q·:, t~ i.ln· ,' o an was launched b \
J\11 • 11 r e s o u rc e ::- . Fo o d . l'n< l ckr. l'lb r<·s , village people of R Y th e local

'" r
',invi' ·
. . ·r
i•altt<l J c

('<1 IC C
-~
:::-i~t fiicl woo d. rn c cl lcl nt·:-,; , g-nn1.
1111
.
l
resi ns. la< ·.
b , i111 b o n. et c. ~1n· n l l i1i1wd fr o m
.. ,
::
',:.
', ,
11 en 1 0 arhwal, high-up in tl
lrnaJuyas during the early
1970
- > The Chipko A.nclolan was the r It f
s_

esu o a gr
1e I
\
;:ibllt . t I I ass
,r61s. . ;: roo eve cffort lo end the alienation of people
· ·i 2 ) Bamboo~ o bwirn·cl 1nm, fo rl' s ts ; 1r(' lll ostly :: from forest.
➔ l'he mo"ement
;;,
,t" d 10
···1nll::-
111 :ik(' sl :11s for l u 1t:-- ;m e! b ::is lq:: ts for
,
•
. ,; th!11gs.
- •

( 3 ) Forests provide h a bi ta t l o 1111m c r o u s pla nts

:
?
',,

~
~
v
t ct f
·g1
0 n , na e
rom a dispute between
the local villagers and a logging contractor, who
h a d been allowed to fell trees in a forest close
Ii
:iid animals .
1,' to the village.
Pi a\_· a \T r _v impor ta nt role
( 4 J for es t s I

:J maintenance of e rn ·!ro n m e nt. T h ey play an > ➔ On the specific day. the contractor's workers
appeared in the forest to cut the trees while
l
J1portan t ro e · 1·1 L}1 e m a inte na n ce of s e asonal
1

,,rks. biorhem ica l cycle.<, . regu la r ity of rainfall j the men folk were absent.
- > Undeterred. the women of the village reached
;nd conservation o f so l !.
(5 J Forests r e d u c e irnpa c- t o f h eavy ra ins
~:, the forest and clasped the tree trunks and
Jd strong wi nd s . T h ey co n Lr o .1 e r o si o n o f s o il
prevented the workers from felling the trees.
<
,
2d leach ing. - > The Chipko movement quickly spread across
>
Q.15. What are
< .
communiti e s and me d ia. a nd forced the
the consequences of loss ~ t to whom the forest belongs, to
1
forest cover? OR i, governmen , use of forest
re th in k U1eir priorities in the
Mention serious effects of deforestation. '
. Ans. Fores t cover of the worl d is rapidly ~ prod uce .
t was the reason beh n
i d 'Hug
:'.Pleting. It is more ra pid in devel opinf! coun trie s. <' g. 17. Wba b t happened during
1..~e re ?· the t' and w a
,111 asons a re: r a pid lv inc reasing popu Ia t'1on •
......
> Trees Movemen f the movement ?
-- striat· . · t· of > t he result o
'•, 1 izauon and urb ani za tion. Destruc 1011 > it ?· What was 'H g the Trees
behind u
.:.·, ioresr is very rap1·d
particul a r ly in the trop ical < An s. The reason f , tung down the
,i'.lri . J , ~ the plan o cu
Movement' was to stop ·11, ge by togging contractor~-
f n ws : ',' f or est trees near Renl vi a t when ·,J1e contractor!. ~
-~<·no <
1, lis effects of defo res tati o n a re as O 0 .
1
· lIt Ind I and < D urin cr this movern en • t the wome,n of· t 1c
~~: cl t, c- r s tha nges in the regtona '. . ptopearcd In the fores · , s prevrnilnP: ihc
lll 1:-i rt.• .
wor k e r s a tree tr unks. t 1ll l
I ,wed the · ,.. . -.- I'!(' \°
t k::,;t ru r t to n nf fo re st s. !bc vill age iu&:i . s th e trtl S - "'.,,. """''"·'""'"""': . 7'oJ •
. ·k ·~rs fr Orn felltng
\ \10 1 t,
·';,i,.'i.:J:-,. ,,.. ..,
,···•·""'°:'
, 208
SCIENCE: STANDARD 10 (PART 2 l
The r esult was tl·1at tl
1e contractor had to
Wit l1draw ultimatcl . \
, Y a nd the gove rnment: of India
was forced to 1
. g vc a fresh thought to t11e proper
use of forest produce .
Q. 18 · Give an example where participation
of local people has led to the efficient
management of forests.
Ans. An example of participation of local
P~'o~le th a t has led to the efficient management
o t torests is as follows :
ln 1972 · th e West Bengal Forest Department
:ealised its failure in irnprovmg damaged 'Sal'
toreS t s in th e South Western district of the state.
Because of the efforts of forest officer,
~ - K. Banerjee, villagers were allowed to help
m the protection of 1272 hectares of severely
damacred 'Sal' fiore s t s m
· th e Arabari forest range
o
of Midnapore district.
In return, villagers were given work in both
silViculture and harvesting operations, 25 % of the
final harvest among other benefits. Also allowed
fuelwood and fodder collection on payment of
normal fee.
The active and willing participation of the
local community led the Sal forest of Arabari
underwent a remarkable recovery by 1983.
Activity 16.8 [T. B. Pg. 275]
• To debate following topics which are concerned
with the damage caused to forests :
( a ) Building rest houses for tourists in national
parks.
( b ) Grazing domestic anhnals in national parks.
( c ) Tourists throwing plastic bottles / covers
and other litter in national parks.
Conclusion :
( a ) The rest houses made in national park for
tourists become hub of actiVities , which
damage ecology of forests. Tourists see forest
as travel destination. They cause pollution
and disturb natural enVironment of forests.
( b ) Over grazing of domestic animals leaves little
or no grass for the herbivores animals that
live in forests. Thus their number slowly
decreases, in turn disturbs the upper trophic
levels of the food chains in the forests.
( c ) Tourists throwing plastic wastes in national
parks cause pollution. Plastic is non-
biodegradable wastes.
Decomposers cannot decoinpo
~ Se
and such dumped waste piles up. lt
131
~ components of national parks are adv 0 tit
~
' erseh,
affected.
!
J
lptext Questions [T. B. Pg, 275]
g. l9. Why should we conserve forests
anc:1.
wildlife?
Ans, we should conserve forests because the
( 1 ) Provide raw materials for va 1 Y.
r ous
industries.
( 2 ) Provide fruits, vegetables, fodder, grass,
etc.
( 3 ) Provide medicines, herbs, gum, resin,
catechu, etc.
( 4 ) ProVide habitat to animals.
( 5 ) Prevent soil el_"osion and flood .
( 6 ) Provide sources for economic and social
growth.
( 7) Play an important role in maintaining
co 2 - o2 balance in the atmosphere. Regulate
earth's average temperature.
Importance of wildlife conservation :
( 1 ) To maintain forest ecosystem and ecologtcal
balance in nature.
( 2 ) It helps into maintain forests by facilitating
growth of plants in different places by dispersing
seeds.
I 3 ) Flow of energy in trophic levels maintained
and biodiversity increases.
Q. 20. Suggest some approaches towards
conservation of forests.
Ans. Approaches towards conservation of
forests are :
( 1 ) Indiscriminate felling of trees for the
purpose of timber must be reduced.
( 2) The forest ecosystem must be protected
from fuel starved villages, fodder-starved catties
and commercial exploitation.
( 3 ) Replantation of trees and also plantation
of indiginous species to develop forests in all
available land.
( 4 ) Participation of local people and villagers
must be taken in conservation of forests .
( 5 ) Scientific research, monitoring and
spreading awareness about conservation of fore 5 ls
through education.
( ) - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -·· -0
r - - . '"'•'\.lilt ~AOt

~·
' iJ',f'
&
pare the traditiona1

5yfi J•1ous area or ·p lains

t,SJ..& Ot
~~l' or tiA
ii • co~e!II with the Ptobabie • _,..ate, :·
Ystents ,
\ f
( 2 l tI
~t'
kcts
1, lltso~
::t , oooll Plateau.. \, o fo~~ll , c\llerlJ,ql .
/ ,11~ , t lttc'\s. \ r fl tl'l:s ~ 21I
·, 111 : J·tiO!lal water harvesting :: ( ~I l 111 , • , ll<'h ,1~ C:Nc I
. ,1~· 't··w'
') J.1 ~. 'l• t·iinousarca1sdi1Tcrentf· , " RYslrt11 ill 1,' Olit orll ~tt' 'nf r1 t\
h _ ' n,;t1•·1e1
• (
10111 Plntn1-: ' . 11
.• ,~ 1\1(11111' trliilg l!tt('t ,
i ,1,1tc:n1 region. ~ l ·l l Pt· . lir<'p;1r,,
·' P ', '11 \lin cr lit;111 11 r('
.} •f\11
1 11 11 ill\' areas like Hi111aeha\ 11 l S 1·1·1 1:-, or t,r,rr
· ~ .
.=> •• }
; 111 1· • . . . · ,1dt'st1 ' 11, ,.., 11 111r l
., . . l system o 111 ig,1Uon t"1lt , l • \ ~lt1lln1 , ~111okP , lt'r of t
"~·· . l(lt\l • · . - . ,. - ,t c l\ntt.1~_·,. \ I~ l ltl(I <c1nu1 , t('e~.
1 1
·~· t10''·ing
i11 the slH ~111 - i •J \ lo . ()th f' r ig %t r
·,. ·· '" .,. . s s thve l·t ect lnto \' t cuiovt•, Ii .I
Ill<\ 11~1 rt(·•· _
0 lh<'rr1i,· 1
1 • ..,
• 1
sl PO •
' , l<i11lrl . 1 \l. i• r
•

. - .,1tir ·ttlnds which takes this , . \ Into ' rn1ftt1 ,.

.· i1 , c1i, v,,ter t \ %11o~pl ~• tse<.; f • 1lf We- I[ trr
. ..,;1,lt . l· l)·es down the hillside. o \ tcrc. . iefore di . . ,lt('d
;: , l • ,·1l ,l::- ~ sch,1r1;1n_1.( ii
·: 111:- 1, . . ' \ A.cuv'it
.lt'• ,-c;l~ w;lter tn ~ ams is. collected in check < • Tu n Y 16.11 (1'.
\\'lll i Ks tals 01 bundlus. ' nd 'Rays to . .8. Pg. 279 I
if t:Hl . th ~ COa.J. and reduce
./ ' 1NJ1d out e source of Wat ~ Petroleum our consumpuon
35, p er in \ ~ So . ~
~·
:aioll
I locality. Is water from this
,,11f ff_ t O all people living in that are ?
" .ble
source
a·
<
l (1
llle ways
Coal
01

to reduce our c· .
anct petroleu1n
are -1 f
.on st1rnriu(ir1
c,f
/llas s The source of water in our regton is ?< Take a Pllblic trans , s allows :
)

-~ .~ corporation supply of water and from < Your personal v:111·cpleort instrac1 or ustn,r
. iCJO' ( "'
,:i1l• ' ter source. 2) Use CFL . .
,,,ind wa . f ~ (3 ) instead of bulbs
/ '. is scarcity o water durino· surnm. ~ Install solar . ·
r11ere . . t::. er water heater
St people have to wait m long queues at ( 4 ) Walk or ·
. 4 n10 . . eye1e to nearb
.:..t· est rnumc1pal water tap to collect water of usino· . Y places lnsteact
·r near . ti motorised vehicle
·• . dailY consumption. ( 5 ) SWitch off h· s.
·: tl1eif - - - -----------..f '\
~l ( ve icles at red licrht
6 ) Use pressure or s 1
i d
t, s.
o ar cookers to cook

l(
~
~ , al alld petrOIeum ]_ oo , keep proper air pressure m· t·Ires,
etc.

g. 34, Why
we should use coal and
netroleum judiciously ? Explain.
1
Ans, We should use coal and petroleum t
-idiciously because -
(1l Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels which
::r exhaustible and non-renewable resource.
7
) Wearing an extra sweater instead of using
heater or sigri in cold days.
( 8 l Taking the stairs instead of using the lift
~ up to 3 - 4 floors.
\
( 9 ) Using efficient engines that ensures

I
complete combustion of fuels.
( 2) Reserves of coal and petroleum are limited.
Activity 16.12 [T. B. Pg. 279)
(3 )It takes millions of years for nature to
• To find out the norms for emission from
:cplenish these resources.
vehicles.
(4 l Burning of fossil fuels pollutes the
➔ Euro norms refer to the permissible emission
iunosphere by forming oxides of carbon, nitrogen level from petrol and diesel vehicles, which
llld sulphur, which accumulate in atmosphere.
have been implemented in Europe.
(5 l Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which . ns require manuiac ,'. ture1•s to reduce
leads to global warming. ➔ These nm 1 efficient manner
i sion levels in an
pollution em s . in the vehicles
Q.35. Suggest a few steps for controlling by ma kfno· o
technical changes
ctrbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. they manu fac ture · f carbon
• Ans. Steps for controlling carbon dioxide level s emissions 0
der the Euro norm , bons (HCs).
~ the trn ➔ Un t hydrocar
a osphere are as follows : onoxide (COL burn 1d suspended
m (NOX) at
1
(1l Reduce the consumption of fossil fuels id es of nitrogen . reg1tilated.
ox . (SPMl ate .
Petrol, diesel automobiles. Us ing public
Uch a8
~
0 par ticulate matte1 .
l unsport h
.._ ~ elps in reduction of petr 0 1 usage .
 11 atura•
ARD 10 fPIU' ' l~~ VU J"C e

scJE-NCE: sTAND overview

' -.
r
212

-➔ Tl1" E •.1ropca11 U111on

- '- ·' . ,~._ \H'l l
emission no rm s ' '·
standards in stn1'!cs :
. Ji as
,
,JS

--··•···-·
been upg rad l1tg
t he fu el Cl 11 "
,, 1,· 1:v
•
~
'
~
,
-- -
.An

g. 36
j
5 usta .na
rn~
ernent

. List anY
ble inana
tw o case
geinent o
1at1on :
s of our failure of
f natural resources.
.
With the mcrease in

n for natural resources is

- - ----- J~lplexnented >,:, .AJ1S , ( 1 ) popu
Nonns demand f f ·1
Euro l -- " 1992 ·· ~)~\ ~ population th e which is the rnaJor cause o a1 ure.
_ -- > l ~)})(j - D7 ,, also increasing al will lead to misery for
1 Euro II
~ selfish go s
I. Euro III .-- ' 20 00 ~ ( 2 ) Greed : and a total destruction
:W05 ' of peop1e
< a large number . slowly growing that causes
. I e norms h elp in \ vi onment is
..., T he cnt(1n·cn1e t1 ! o.l t tcs . 'l of our en r
. d to vel11cular <c
I
f resources.
r c,iuci n~ a ir pollutwn ue shortage 0
emi ssions .
I TEXTUAL EXERCISE J . h pter that there are four
in this c a
3. We saw when it comes to forests
1 . What changes would you suggest in your ·n stakeholders
home in order to be environment-friendly ? mai Wbi h among these should have
and wildlife. C
Ans. Certain changes can be applied in our . t 0 decide the management of
the autbonty
daily routine at home to be environment- ? Why do you think so ?
forest pro d uce ·
friendly. four main stakeholders, the
( 1 J Check the wastage of water. Not letting Ans. Out of the
the water run while brushing, soaping local people living near the forest areas
or washing. should given the authority to decide the
( 2 J Turning off lights and fans when not management of forest produce .
in use. Because these people know the
( 3 J Avoid wastage of water, food and traditional methods to use the natural
energy. resources in sustainable manner. These
( 4 ) Reusing the materials whenever
local p eople have been using the forest
possible.
and wildlife resources since the ancient
( 5) Use solar water heater and cookers.
times without causing any damage to
( 6 ) Reduce the garbage.
environment.
( 7) Make small rainwater harvesting system
if possible. 4. How can you as an individual contribute
2. Can you suggest some changes in your or make a difference to the management of
school which would make it environment- (a) Forests and wildlife, { b) Water resources
friendly? and { c ) Coal and petroleum ?
Ans. A school can become environment-friendly Ans. Contribution of an individual to the
by following ways : management of :
( 1 ) Growing plants and trees all around
( a ) ForeSt s and wildlife : Do not waste
the play ground.
paper, use less paper, recycle the
( 2 ) Making a rainwater harvesting system.
waS t e paper, minimise the wooder
( 3 ) Arranging solar cell pannel if possible.
furniture t h
' e c. elp into save trees.
( 4 ) Making compost of biomass waste
collected e.g., food waste, fallen leaves Any animal products like fm
etc. ' skin, tusk h
' orn, etc. should not 1J
used by killing them.
 ◄
214 jl!I:
SCIE.NCE: STANDARD 10 (PART 2) e6tiO the nainc of rnlcrohc tha i
911 5tiilC d a s afe level In th e n t h ,,~ II
Il yofl Ver c~1 r, ,. I
LADOITI O NAL QUESTION S AND ANSWERS I )JC the main ~ ga . I
5ccl t 1s cause or I
I
13 f the rlvcr Ganga? lh c (I
1Je~ l <J/1
9- 1 . Distinguish b etween : I
I~ I \,311ofl ow111ch source doei; we k I
( 1 l Recycle and Reuse
An$.
1~•~ oJ11
l 31 ff ievel In t 1e anga Is hlgh?I G now lhat II
I
1 I
1111t1°fl ecal c oliform are Lhc: I
I
Recycle Reuse t 11° ( I l fa increased i th rnt crob1a1 (
I. R ecyc le l s a process ~1 . <1f• t has n e r iver G I
of proch1<: t11g n c ,v rn a1crla ls l . Reuse Is using m a teria ls or Its pieces again for , ~ ¾ ~ I
I
from lnrJ11 ,;trla.l '1nd don1csttc '\Vas t cs . some other purpose. tivl~ 1evel. I

2 . In the process o f recycling. soni c energy Js 2 . In reuse energy Is not utilized. f1 \c11
si:ife lY untreated sewage Is durn d )
I
Utlllzr.d . tf.1'° z11.,a!ge ga w h ich is the main c Pe Into $
( 03 n ause for I
3. e.g .. Plasu c . p;,pcr g1ass. m etal p iece. etc. can 3 _ e.g .. Cups and plates m ade of Ch ina c lay, cerarnic ✓C:,t!h:n"r1l
river t1ofl·
b e n1cllcd a t a ppropriate tc,n pcraturc and new tiles can be used to make decorative Wall Pieces.
\
t·Y.11::~llri 1<.1 ,,1,1111
tll:t~ifla ca- central Pollution Control Board
' " " <lr t :-i
'-.._ _ - r• ,r•iot''1 . 1•11 n,1
m ateri a ls can be p roduced.
( 2 ) Coal and Petroleum
;O 1S l cP
;';,;;,(": ,I. (:~
Ans.

Coal PetrolCUJn
(Z l

'I
*"
..,,.~£p l :+-
"''
Pla nt
$
$ ~'l>c,,:~<l~t?i1
' $I
1 • It ls ca rbo n based fue l source .
2 . It Is solid form of fossil fuel.
l. It Is hydrocarbon based fuel source.
2. It Is liquid form of fossil fuel.
I
I
Questions . tf1\
Waler ( l l Wh Ith . ..____
3. Its energy can be con verted Into electricity and 3. lt Is used In forms of petrol, diesel. k eros ene, $ system ls . _,
( 2 l Inh · shcw 11 i
s team . fuel oil. etc. ~ $ Is w Ith st.at n g\vc11 1
adapted ? . c anc1 for , 'la~r,,111 '!
4.. It Is u sed as a fuel as such In homes and In 4. It Is mainly used In automobile vehicl es. Wh <ll Sll!·h
Industry or at thermal power plants to generate ( 3 l Stat · 8Nen,
h e some
electricity. ~:~., lb ) \ arvesung le h . narnt or th
c niques. c ancient .
Ans Water
Q . 2 . G ive scientific reasons for the following ( 4 ) Dams are useful to the society In the ( l l 1,0cate and name the w ater reservoirs in \ . ( l l Khad\n system
statem.cnts : various ways. (al 3!ld (b). ( 2 l ln Ra.Jasth
~alll water such an state an(\ lo l
Ans. Refer to the 'advantages of dams· In the adv antage of one over the
( l ) Few slm.plc s teps should be helpful to
(
2 l What is
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system is adapt ed. iarvcst the
conse rve energy resources. answer to Q. 22 In 'Questions and Answers' section. and why. ( 3 l Kulhs bundhis b
ij})er and kattas. ' · uncthurus.
Ans. ( l ) Switch off the lights. fans. television ( 5 ) Watershed management has its own nuct!s, tanks
and o ther electrical appliances when not in use . Importance.
( 2 ) Make use of stairs instead of lift at least Ans . Refer to the answe r to Q . 24 In O BJECTIVE QUE
'Questions and Answers' section. STIONS AND ANSWERS
up to two to three floor s in a building.
( 3 ) Pressure cookers shoul d be used to save g. 3. Carefully observe the given g. 1. Answer the follo wing questions in short:
Ans. Forests are called bl ct· -
the fuels . diagram/ chart and answer the questions related ( l ) What are five R's used to save b ecause range of d'ff o 1Vers1ty hot spots
with it: fun . f I erent ll[e forms. I.e .. bacteria
( 4 J Bicycles can be used to c over s hort !llvironment? gi., ems, flowering plants insects b'·d .
( 1) • , u s. reptiles
distances . Ans, The five R's to save enVironment are : nematodes, etc. are all found in the foresls. .
( 5 J Public transport system (local buses and ► .... '[" - Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, R epurpose and Recycle. ( 5 l State two objectives of sustainab\,
•n ■ •n
trains) in the cities should be made available so
people do not use their own vehicles to commute. ! ..,
e
1000000 \ 2) Name
md petroleum.
the main constituents of coal development.
Ans . Objectives of sustainable development
~ 0 Dcvprayag Varanasi
By such simple steps. we can save electricity 0 100000
l l l To provide the economic well being.
( Ans. Carbon, hydrogen. nitrogen, sulphur are
and fossil fuels. z l 2 l To maintain healthy environment [or [utt
~( ~ 10000 R
' inc main constituents of coal and petroleum.
( 2 ) We should use fossil fuels rationally I generations.
( .ii l 3) How does mining cause pollution?
and judiciously. I § 1000
l 6 ) State two disadvantags of monoculti
Ans . Refer to the answe r to Q. 34 In
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z ~ p.,..., Ans. Mining causes pollution because of the Ans. Disadvantages of monocnltme:
I
:;; 100
'Questions and Answers' section. ; ;; 'ege amount of discarded slag when a ton of ( l ) Large amount of biodiversity is dem
I
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l 10 nangotrl ll\al extracted .
( 3 ) We s hould adopt water harvesting. I ~ in the area.
:.
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lll shl h ~h
Ans. Refer to the answer to Q . 30 in l 2 l The varied needs of local people er
0 l 4 l Why are forests called as biodiversity
'Questions and Answers' section. ~t spots? longer be met from such monoculture.
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