Depar

tmentofmi
crobi
ology
Shahr
iarShami
m
Topi
c:Hy
drospher
e

Descr
ibest hewat er soft heEar t
h
 Wat erex istsonEar thinst ores
 At mospher e
 Oceans
 Lakes
 Ri v ers
 Soi ls
 Gl aci ers
 Gr oundwat er
 Wat ermov esf rom onest aget oanot her
 Ev apor at ion
 Condensat i
on
 Runof f
 Pr eci pitat ion
I nfiltr
at i
on
 Gr oundwat erf low
 Hy drologi ccy cle
 Theendl essci rcul ationofwat erfrom t heat mospher et otheEarth
andi tsr etur nt ot heat mospher et hroughcondensat i
on,
precipitat i
on, ev apor ation,andt ranspi ration
 Earthmoi stur ei nv ent ory
 Reser v oirr epresent sthewat ercont ainedindi ff
erent
stepswi thint hecy cle
 99%ofal lmoi st
ureonEar thisi nstor age
 Lesst han1%ofEar th'
smoi stureisact ivel
ymov i
ng
ar oundi nt heannual hy drologi ccycle
 Resi dencet ime: averaget i
meawat ermol eculewi l
l
spendi naspeci f
icreser v
oir
 Oceans, glaci ers, andgr oundwat erhav elongestr esi
dence
times
 At mospher ehasshor testresi dencet i
me
 Sur f
acewat ers
 Li mi tedamount s
 0. 25%oft hewor ld'stotalwat ersuppl y Hi ghlyv ari
ablein
space
 Usedf ordr inkingwat er,agriculture( sustaininghumanl if
e)
 Lake

 Bodyofwat ersurroundedbyl and

 Naturalbasi
nhav ingar est
ri
ctedoutlet
 Su:
cientinfl
owofwat ertokeepbasinfil
led
 Mar shes
 Bodyofwat erwi t
hwat ertol
erantplant
s,pr
imar
il
ygrasses
andsedges
 Swamps
 Bodyofwat erwi t
hwat er-
tol
erantplant
s,pr
edominant
lytr
ees
 Reserv oi
rs
 Ar ti
fi
ciall
ake
 Riversandst r
eams
• Nat ural
water
coursefl
owingtowar
dsandoceanor
anot
herbodyofwater Groundwater
• Wat erstor
edundergr
ound
• 2. 5ti
mesthatfoundi
nlakesandstr
eams
 • Foundi nmanypl aces, justneedt odig
• Noev aporat i
on
• Canl astal ongt i
me
• Oceans
Oneocean, brokendowni nt o4maj oroceans
• Paci fic,Atlantic,Indi anandAr cticOceans
Surfacecur r
ent s
• Dr i
v enbyat mospher icci rculation
• War m cur rents:west ernpar tofeachbasi n
• Col dcur rent s:east er npar tofeachbasi n
Under watercur rents
• Ther mohal ineci rculat i
on
• Dr i
v enbydensi t
ywhi chi scont roll
edbytemper at
ure
andsal i
nity
• Actasconv ectioncur r
ent sI ce
Thecr yospher e
• Secondonl ytot heoceansasapl acetostor
ewat er
Landi ce
• Al pi negl aciers,icesheet s,icecaps
• 10%oft hel andsur f
ace
• Oceani cice
• I cepack( fl
oat i
ngi ce),iceshel fcont i
nentali
cesheet
thatpr ojectsov ersea) ,icef l
ow
(
massoficethatbr eaksof ffrom l argeri cebodi es,fl
oati
ngindependently
),
iceber
g
(chunkofi cebr okenf r
om i ceshel f)
• Lar gesti cepacki nthear ct i
cocean
• Ex tentofper maf rost
• Per manent lycol dsubsoi l:groundwhi chremains
O
belowO Cf ormor et han2y ear s)