Article III

Bill of Rights
1987 Philippine Constitution

Atty. Tracy Sangalang-Reas

BSHM 4G
A.Y. 2021-2022
Discussion

01 Intoduction to Law

02 Concept of Tourism Law

Sources of Law Relevant to the

03 Tourism, Travel and Hospitality

Industry

04 Article III- Bill of Rights

1987 Philippine Constitution
Ignorantia Legis non excusat

Ignorance of the law

excuses no one
 What is “Law”?
It is a rule of conduct
Laws serves as guides of an individual in relation to his fellowmen
and to his community;

Law must be just

As a guide for human conduct, it should run as a golden threads
through society, to the end that law may approach its supreme
ideal which is the sway and dominance of justice;
 What is “Law”?
It must be obligatory
If laws are not enforced, the purpose for which they are inteded
will not be served;

Laws must be prescribed by Legitimate

Authority
Section 1, Article II of the Philippine Constitution:
“Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates from them”
 What is “Law”?
Laws must be ordained for the common
benefit
Laws should be applied equally to all citizens regardes of their
religion, political persuasion, and status in life;
Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto

“The welfare of the people

shall be the supreme law”
 KINDS OF LAWS

Classified as to scope:

1. General or Public law

– a law which applies to all of the people of the state or to all of a
particular class of persons in the state, with equal force and obligation.
Examples:
a. criminal law;
b. international law; and
c. political law.
 GENERAL AND PUBLIC LAW

a. Criminal Law

– a law dealing with crimes and their punishment, as well as the

procedure for that purpose;
b. International Law

– body of rules or principles of action governing the relations

between States.
c. Political Law

– law regulating the relations sustained by the inhabitants of a

territory to the sovereign.
 KINDS OF LAWS

Classified as to scope:

1. Special or Private Law

– a law which relates to particular persons or things of a class.
Examples:
a. civil law,
b. maritime law; and
c. mercantile law.
 SPECIAL OR PRIVATE LAW
a. Civil Law

– the mass of precepts which determines and regulates those

relations of assistance, authority, and obedience existing among
members of a family and those which exist among members of a society
for the protection of private interests.
b. Maritime Law

– the law dealing with commerce by sea, involving regulation of

ships and harbors and the status of seamen.
 SPECIAL OR PRIVATE LAW
c. Mercantile Law
the law of commercial transactions derived from the law of
merchant which includes, commercial paper, insurance and other types of
agency.
 TOURISM and HOSPITALITY

LAW

a body of rules or principles

of action which deals with the
regulation, authority, relations and
obedience among members of a
society involved in tourist travel
and accommodation.
 TOURISM and HOSPITALITY

LAW

It includes persons
traveling from place to place for
pleasure (tourist), and business
establishments or persons
engaged in the occupation of
providing various services for
tourists.
Sources of Law Relevant to the Tourism, Travel
and Hospitality Industry

(1) The Philippine Constitution

– It is the fundamental law of the land, to which all other laws must
conform.
Examples:
Article I – National Territory
Article III- Bill of Rights
Article IIII – Citizenship
Article XII -National Economy and Patrimony
Sources of Law Relevant to the Tourism, Travel
and Hospitality Industry
(2) Statutes or legislative enactments

– It is the written will of the legislative department rendered authentic by

certain prescribed forms and solemnities, prescribing rules of action, or
civil conduct with respect to persons, things or both.
Examples:
a. Dangerous Drugs Act,
b. Civil Code of the Philippines,
c. Labor Code of the Philippines,
d. Revised Penal Code, and
e. local government ordinances
Sources of Law Relevant to the Tourism, Travel
and Hospitality Industry
(3) Administrative or executive orders, regulations and rulings
– These are issued by administrative officials under legislative
authority.

Examples:
a. Rules and Regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Tourism to Govern the
Accreditation of Hotels, Tourist Inns, Motels, Apartels, Resorts, Pension Houses,
and Other Accommodation Establishments;
b. BIR circulars and rulings;
c. Administrative issuances by the Department of Foreign Affairs; and
d. Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code of the Philippines
e. IATF Resolutions
Sources of Law Relevant to the Tourism, Travel
and Hospitality Industry
(3) Judicial decisions or jurisprudence
– These refer to the decisions of the Supreme Court in
interpreting the laws or the Constitution.

(4) Custom
– It is a rule of conduct which in a given place and among given
groups of people, has been followed for an appreciable time.

(5) Other sources

– These refer to decisions of foreign tribunals and opinions of
textbook writers.
Mercury
 It is the sanctuary of protection for all
persons, citizens or non-citizens, against any and all
kinds of abuses of power and authority by the
government, or any of its officials and employees, or
even against any unwarranted violation of such
rights by any other person.
SUMMARY OF RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Right to be secure
against unlawful arrest Freedom of
and illegal Seach and Speech and of
Seizure Press

Sec. 1 Sec. 2 Sec. 3 Sec. 4 Sec. 5

Due Process
Privacy of Freedom of
of Law and
Communication Religion
Equal
and
Protection of
correspondence
the Laws
SUMMARY OF RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Taking of
provate
Right to property for
Information public use

Sec. 6 Sec. 7 Sec. 8 Sec. 9 Sec. 10

Prohibition
against
Liberty of impairment
Right of
abode and of obligation
Association
travel and contracts
 SUMMARY OF RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Right to remain silent and Due process in
to have a competent and criminal
independent counsel proceedings

Sec. 11 Sec. 12 Sec. 13 Sec. 14 Sec. 15

Free access
Right to bail Habeas
to Courts and
quasi-judicial Corpus
bodies and
adequate
legal
assistance
 SUMMARY OF RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Right against excessive
Right against self- fines, degrading or
incrimination inhuman punishment

Sec. 16 Sec. 17 Sec. 18 Sec. 19 Sec. 20

Speedy Freedom of
disposition of Right against
political belief imprisonment
cases before all and freedom
judicial, quasi- for debt or non-
against payment of a
judicial or involuntary
administrative poll tax
servitude
bodies
SUMMARY OF RIGHTS GUARANTEED UNDER
THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Double Jeopardy

Sec. 21 Sec. 22

Right against ex
post facto law
and
bill of attainder
servitude
 “No person shall be deprived of
life, liberty and property without
due process of law, xxx”

-Article III Section 1.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
 -It is means essentially a fair and impartial procedure and
reasonable opportunity to be heard.

Purpose: To Prevent undue encroachment against life, liberty and

--
property of indivicuals
Liberty includes: Property includes:

* right to be free to use his/her *anything which is or may be the

faculties in all lawful ways;
* to live and work where he/she
wills;
* to enter into contracts,
* Not to work, not to marry
object of appropriation;
*right to earn one’s daily wage;
*right to engage in business
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

FACTS:
-

- The City Council of Manila enacted Ordinance No. 7783 which

prohibited the establishment or operation of business within
Ermita-Malate area which “provides certain forms of
amusements, entertainment where women are used as tools for
entertainment and which tend to disturb the community, among
the inhabitants and adversely affect the social and moral welfare
of the community.”
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

FACTS:
-

- Malate Tourist Development Corporation (MTDC) is a

corporation engaged in the business of operating hotels, motels,
hostels and lodging houses. It built and opened Victoria Court in
Malate which was licensed as a motel although duly accredited
with the DOT as a hotel.

- The Ordinance violates its constitutional rights because it is

confiscatory and an invasion of its property rights.
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

ISSUE:
-

-Whether or not the Ordinance is invalid and unconstitutional?

RULING:
-

The Ordinance is invalid and unconstitutional.

-
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

RULING:
- There is a clear invasion of personal or property rights,
personal in the case of those individuals desiring of owning,
operating and patronizing those motels and property in terms of
investments made and the salaries to be paid to those who are
employed therein.
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

RULING:
- The City of Manila cannot order the closure of the
establishments without infringing the due process clause. These
lawful establishments may be regulated but not prohibited from
carrying on their business.
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

RULING:
- It likewise violates the equal protection clause.

- No reason exist for prohibiting motels and inns but not

pension houses, hotels, lodging houses or other similar
establishments.

- Nor was prohibiting the business and operation of motels in

the Ermita-Malate area but not outside of this area.
 CITY OF MANILA VS. LAGUIO (2005)

RULING:
- It is also discriminatory.

Prostitution is not a profession exclusive to women.

-

Motels are not injurious to the rights of property, health or

-

comfort of the community. It is a legitimate business.

 “xxx, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of
the laws.”

-Article III Section 1.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
 -Persons similarly situated should be similarly treated;

-The benefits of membership in a state as well as the burdens

should be distributed in equal measure;

- Uniformity of treatment should be the rule.

-
-
 Mayor Villegas v. Hiu Ching Tsai Pao Hao (1978)
FACTS:
- Ordinance No. 6537 of the City of Manila makes it unlawful
for non-filipino citizens to be employed or to be engaged in any
kind of trade, business or occupation within the City of Manila,
without securing an employment permit from the Mayor of Manila.

ISSUE:
- Is the said Ordinance void and unconstitutional?
 Mayor Villegas v. Hiu Ching Tsai Pao Hao (1978)
RULING:
- The Ordinance was declared void and Unconstitutional.

While it is true that the Philippines as a State is not obliged

-

to admit aliens within its territory, once an alien is admitted,

he cannot be deprived of life without due process of law.

This guarantees includes the basic right of livelihood.

-
 Mayor Villegas v. Hiu Ching Tsai Pao Hao (1978)
RULING:
- It is likewise unreasonable because it fails to consider valid
substantial differences among individual aliens who are required
to pay it.
- There was no distinction whether the alien is a casual or
permanent, part-time or full-time, rank-and-file or executive
employee. Hence, violates the equal protection clause.
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
FACTS:
- Petitioner Pedro A. Tecson signed a contract of employment
as Medical Representative with Glaxo Wellcome Philippines
which stipulates, among others, that he agrees to study and
abide by existing company rules; to disclose to management any
existing or future relationship by consanguinity or affinity with
co-employees or employees of competing drug companies and
should management find that such relationship poses a possible
conflict of interest, to resign from the company.
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
FACTS:
- Tecson entered into a romantic relationship with Bettsy, a
Branch Coordinator in Albay for Glaxo’s competitor, Astra
Pharmaceuticals. Despite receiving several reminders from his
District Manager regarding the possible conflict of interest which
may arise from his relationship with Betty, Tecson married Bettsy
on September 1998.
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
ISSUE:
- Whether Glaxo’s policy against its employees marrying
employees from competitor companies is valid
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
RULING:
- Glaxo’s policy prohibiting an employee from having a
relationship with an employee of a competitor company is a valid
exercise of management prerogative. Glaxo has a right to guard
its trade secrets, manufacturing formulas, marketing strategies
and other confidential programs and information from
competitors, especially so that it and Astra are rival companies in
the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry.
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
RULING:
- The prohibition against personal or marital relationships with
employees of competitor companies upon Glaxo’s employees is
reasonable under the circumstances because relationships of
that nature might compromise the interests of the company.
 Duncan Assoc. of Detailman v. Glaxo wellcome
Phil, Inc. (2004)
RULING:
- The commands of the equal protection clause are addressed
only to the state or those acting under the color of its authority.

- The equal protection clause erects no shield against merely

private conduct, however, discriminatory or wrongful.
 “The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable
searches and seizures of whatever
nature and for any purpose shall be
inviolable, xxx”
-Article III Section 2.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
It is a protection of:

1. The sanctity and privacy of a person himself; and

2. The inviolability of a person’s home and his possessions.

“xxx no search warrant or warrant of
arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause”

-Article III Section 2.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
Warrant of Arrest

- is issued by a judge ordering Police to arrest a person after

personally evaluating the report and supporting documents
submitted by the prosecutor on the existence of probable cause.
When can a person be arrested without a warrant?

a. When the person to be arrested has committed, is committing

or is attempting to commit an offense in his presence;

In flagrante delicto
(caught in the act)
When can a person be arrested without a warrant?

b. When an offense has just been committed and there is

probable cause to believe, based on his personal knowledge of facts or
other circumstances, that the person to be arrested has committed the
offense;

c. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has

escaped from a penal establishment or place where he is serving final
judgment or temporarily confined while the case is pending, or has
escaped while being transferred from one confinement to another
Search Warrant

-is an order in writing, issued in the name of the People of the

Philippine Islands, signed by a judge or a justice of the peace, and
directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal
property and bring it before the court.
Instances of a valid warrantless search and seizure:
a. A person caught in flagrante delicto selling prohibited drugs may be
searched as an incident of the arrest;
b. An unlicensed firearm may be seized from a person arrested as an
incident of the arrest;
c. The search and seizure of a prohibited article in plain view of an
officer may be effected as an incident to a lawful arrest

Plain view – evidence was inadvertently discovered by the police who had
the right to be where they are;
Instances of a valid warrantless search and seizure:

d. A moving vehicle may be searched without a warrant. (check point)

For as long as the vehicle is neither searched nor its occupants

subjected to a body search, and the inspection of the vehicle is
limited to a visual search, said routine checks cannot be regarded as
violative of an individual’s right against unreasonable search.
Instances of a valid warrantless search and seizure:
e. A warrantless search may be done with the consent of the accused.
f. Customs search;
g. Stop and frisk
- The interest of effective crime prevention allows police
office to approach a person in appropriate cases for purposes of
investigating possible criminal behaviour even though there is no
probable cause to make an arrest.
h. Exigent and emergency circumstances.
 “The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable
except upon lawful order of the
court, or when public safety or order
requires otherwise, as prescribed by
law” xxx
-Article III Section 3.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
Republic Act No. 4200, also known as “The Anti-Wiretapping Act

Whether the conversation was made in the confines of a private

space such as a house or private room, or in a public place, such as a
park or restaurant, the audio or video recording of a conversation, done
without the consent of both parties, is still illegal and punished under the
Anti-Wiretapping Law.
 ZULUETA v. COURT OF APPEALS , et.al. (1996)
FACTS:
- Cecilia Zulueta broke into her husband’s office, Alfredo
Martin, who is a doctor of medicine, and obtained his alleged
private correspondence with his paramours.

ISSUE:
- Whether or not the evidence taken admissible against the
husband?
 ZULUETA v. COURT OF APPEALS , et.al. (1996)
RULING:
- No. the pieces of evidence are not admissible against the
husband.

There is no question that the documents and papers in

question belong to private respondent, Dr. Alfredo Martin, and
that they were taken by his wife, the herein petitioner, without
his knowledge and consent.
 ZULUETA v. COURT OF APPEALS , et.al. (1996)
RULING:
- The constitutional injunction declaring "the privacy of
communication and correspondence [to be] inviolable" is no less
applicable simply because it is the wife (who thinks herself
aggrieved by her husband's infidelity) who is the party against
whom the constitutional provision is to be enforced.
“No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or
of the press, or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress
of grievances”
-Article III Section 4.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
Freedom of speech and press
-implies the right to freely utter and publish whatever the citizen
may please, and to be protected from any responsibility for so doing,

Except:
-so far as such publication, from their blasphemy, obscenity, or
scandalous character, may be a public offense, or as by their falsehood
and malice they may be a public offense, or as by their falsehood and
malice they may injuriously affect the standing reputation or pecuniary
interest of individuals.
Freedom of expression includes:

1. Free speech and free press;

2. Freedom of assembly;
3. Freedom of petition;
4. Freedom of religion;
5. Right of association or the right to form associations; and
6. Right to religious freedom .
Freedom of expression examples:

1. Right to freely utter, print and publish any statement without

previous censorship of the government;
2. Right to a peaceful picketing;
3. Right to a lawful strike;
4. Right to disseminate information concerning the facts of a labor
dispute;
5. expression by means of radio, tv, motion pictures, tweet, post, etc.
6. Right to express grievances or criricism against the government;
Freedom of expression is not absolute

It is always subject to some regulation of the State.

-premised on the need to protect society or the community from
injurious exercise of the said freedom.

It is likewise subject to the police power of the State.

-premised on the need to promote or protect public welfare, pubic
safety, public morals and national security;
Aspects of Freedom of Press

1. Freedom from prior restraint;

2. Freedom from subsequent punishment
3. Freedom of access to information
4. Freedom of circulation
 “No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof. The free
exercise and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed.”
-Article III Section 5.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“The liberty of abode and of changing the
same within the limits prescribed by
law shall not be impaired except upon
lawful order of the court” xxx

-Article III Section 6.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“xxx Neither shall the right to travel be
impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or
public health, as may be provided by
law.”

-Article III Section 6.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
LIBERTY OF ABODE AND TRAVEL guarantees:

(a) freedom to choose and change one’s place of residence and dwelling
place; and
(b) freedom to travel within or outside the country.
Liberty of abode and travel is not absolute.
- It is subject to the Police Power of the State:

Example:
1. Insane persons who roam around in Roxas Boulevard;
2. Persons against whom warrant of arrest have been issued;
3. Travel Ban (lock down, hold departure order)
4. Persons residing in danger zone areas
- evacuation (flood, volcano eruption, etc)
 Villavicencio vs. Lukban (1919)

FACTS:
-

- In their desire to clean the City of Manila of prostitutes, the

Mayor and the Chief of Police of the City of Manila gathered some
170 women of “ILL REPUTE” in the City and shipped them to
Davao.

ISSUE:
-

Whether or not the order of the mayor valid?

 Villavicencio vs. Lukban (1919)

RULING:
-

-No. The order is invalid.

These women despite their being in a sense lepers of society are

-

nevertheless not chattels but Philippine citizens protected by the

same constitutional guaranties as are other citizens .

Right to liberty of abode and travel

-
“xxx The right of the people to information
on matters of public concern shall be
recognized.”

-Article III Section 7.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
Right to Information guarantees:

1. Right to information on matters of public concerns, and

2. Right to access to official records, and to documents, and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy development;
“The right of the people, including those
employed in the public and private
sectors, to form unions, associations,
or societies for purposes not contrary
to law shall not be abridged.”

-Article III Section 8.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
CASE SCENARIO:

Junie Bustillos, a room attendant, has been employed at a

Quezon City hotel for five years. In his late twenties, Junie is a
hardworking and very idealistic employee. He has seen many abuses
by management especially in the past three years in the hotel.
Approximately 70% of the employees feel low morale because of
these abuses and they would readily support any move to form a
union. Junie took the initiative in talking to some potential leaders
who will form the core group of a possible union. He believes that
this is the only way they can protect the rights of the hotel workers.
CASE SCENARIO:

Upon learning of Junie’s plans, top management gradually

worked on a plan on how to get rid of Junie. After three months,
Junie was convicted of serious charges resulting in his dismissal
from the hotel.

QUESTION: Did the hotel management do the right thing?

Did the hotel management violate any law?
LEGAL OPINION:

Yes, the hotel management violated the Labor Code of the

Philippines and the 1987 Constitution. By terminating Junie because
of his initiative to form a possible union constitutes unfair labor
practice in violation of Section 8, Article III of the Philippine
Constitution. This may be construed as union-busting.
Right of Association guarantees:

1. Right to self-organization;
2. Right to form, join or assist labor unions for purposes of collective
bargaining;
3. Right to Strike.

Note: Both rights may be availed of by RANK-AND-FILE employees.

Limitations - Right of Association :

A. Managerial Employees And Confidential Employees

- Not eligible to form, join or assist labor unions.

B. Supervisory Employees
-not eligible for membership in the collective bargaining
unit of rank-and-file employees, but may join, assist or form separate
collective bargaining units and/or labor unions of their own.
Limitations - Right of Association :

Government employees are now given the right to form unions. However,
their right to strike is not included in the right to form unions.

Unlike those employed in the private sector, Government

employees do not have the constitutional right to strike as a
mandate under civil service rules and regulations prohibiting
government employees to strike. (See Social Security System
Employees Association (SSSEA) et al. vs. The Court of Appeals et al.,
G.R. No. 85279, July 28, 1989.)
“Private property shall not be taken for
public use without just compensation.”

-Article III Section 9.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed.”

-Article III Section 10.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
F. Y. I.
“Free access to the courts and quasi-
judicial bodies and adequate legal
assistance shall not be denied to any
person by reason of poverty.”

-Article III Section 11.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
 “Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and
to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice”xxx
-Article III Section 12.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“xxx If the person cannot afford the services of
counsel, he must be provided with one. These
rights cannot be waived except in writing and
in the presence of counsel.”

-Article III Section 12.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation,
or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention
places, solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar forms of detention are prohibited”.
-Article III Section 12.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
 “Any confession or admission obtained in
violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.”
-Article III Section 12.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“All persons, except those charged with offenses
punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties,
or be released on recognizance as may be
provided by law.”
-Article III Section 13.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
 -Article III Section 14.
-1987 Philippine Constitution

Rights of the accused in all criminal proceedings:

1. The accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved;
2. The accused shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and
counsel;
3. To be informed of the nature and cause of accusation against
him;
 -Article III Section 14.
-1987 Philippine Constitution

Rights of the accused in all criminal proceedings:

4. To have speedy, impartial and public trial;

5. To meet the witnesses face to face;
6. To have compulsory process
“The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall
not be suspended except in cases of invasion
or rebellion, when the public safety requires
it.”
-Article III Section 15.
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“All persons shall have the right to a speedy
disposition of their cases before all judicial,
quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.”

-Article III Section 16.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No person shall be compelled to be a witness
against himself.”

-Article III Section 17.

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No person shall be detained solely by reason of
his political beliefs and aspirations..”

-Article III Section 18 (1).

-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist
except as a punishment for a crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted

-Article III Section 18 (2).

-1987 Philippine Constitution
 “Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel,
degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither
shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it”
-Article III Section 19
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-
payment of a poll tax”
-Article III Section 20
-1987 Philippine Constitution
 “No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of
punishment for the same offense. If an act is
punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to
another prosecution for the same act.”
-Article III Section 21
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be
enacted.”
-Article III Section 22
-1987 Philippine Constitution
“No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be
enacted.”
-Article III Section 22
-1987 Philippine Constitution
 Nulla Poena Sine Lege

There is no crime when

there is no law punishing it.
Article III
Bill of Rights
1987 Philippine Constitution

Atty. Tracy Sangalang-Reas

BSHM 4G
A.Y. 2021-2022