Lesson 9: Writing Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
● Primarily, this part presents a general statement about the study. This can be an issue or a
claim.
● Remember to provide necessary support to your general statement by way of citing very
substantial literature review.
● This segment consists of statements on what prompted you to launch the study.
● A brief historical background could be given by way of citing very important pieces of
information from previous researches that triggered your interest in conducting this research.

You may begin with:

● Previous studies have shown that...
● In a 2012 survey of the World Health Organization (WHO), it was revealed that…
● About 99% of rabies victims die… , according to a study conducted by…
● Around 5 million people suffer…, according to a worldwide survey conducted by…

Introduction
● This part must be clear and logical in describing briefly the trends in the field that render the
chosen topic problematic.
● You must write the introduction in a way that your intention is for your readers to gain a
deeper understanding of the situation, circumstance, or phenomenon as to why your study is
worth conducting.
● You may also state (if applicable) how your paper will provide a better way of doing or
improving something.
● Remember: There must be a sentence or two that should link your introduction and your
statement of the problem.

Objectives of the Study

● Composed of a declarative sentence

General Objective:
The primary aim of this research was to determine whether the secondary metabolites secreted by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa display antimicrobial property against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida
albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger obtained from clinical isolates.

Specific Objectives:
This study specifically sought to:
1. establish which among the isolated microorganisms is most susceptible to the secondary
metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
2. determine the concentration of the secondary metabolites that would display the most antimicrobial
property against the clinical isolates.
Significance of the Study
● Who are the main beneficiaries of your research?
● Why is it important to conduct your study?
● How can your beneficiaries benefit from this research?

Conceptual Framework
● Discusses the interconnections of concepts of the study
● Include schematic diagram here.

Scope and Limitation

● State the inclusion and exclusion criteria of your study.
● State the things included in your study.
● State the things NOT included in your study.
● State the limitations and research barriers of the study.
● This likewise includes the period when the study will be conducted starting from the
preparation, data gathering, experiment process, and writing of the manuscript.

Include the following as well:

● actual place where the study will be conducted
● duration of the study
● inclusions of the study (specific aspects)
● limit of the number of plant/s, test animals, and type of animal to be used

Definition of Terms
● Start with: The following terms were operationally defined / used in this paper:
● Terms must be alphabetically arranged.
● Not numbered; not bulleted
● Do not include all terms. Include only those terms which special or operational meanings.
● Definition of Terms

Follow my specific format:

● Use hanging indention
● Single space for the definition
● Double space after each term
● No period (as much as possible)
● No need to write a complete sentence for definition
● For more information, actual guide, and thesis samples of the latest format, visit the Graduate
School Section of the UST Miguel de Benavides Library on the third floor.
● You were given a soft copy of the letter to the library. Kindly fill in the necessary information,
print it, and let me sign it.

Nothing follows.