PHASE DIAGRAM

(IRON-IRON CARBIDE)
(Part – 3/3)
Prepared by
VISHAL MEHTA

Reference : Material Science and Engineering,

An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr
 CONTENTS
Iron-Iron Carbide System Eutectoid Reaction
Iron-rich portion Iron Carbide/Cementite
Commercially Pure Iron Pearlite
Steel Coarse & Fine Pearlite
Hypoeutectoid Steel Proeutectoid Ferrite
Hypereutectoid Steel Proeutectoid Cementite
Cast Iron Bainite
Hypoeutectic Cast Iron Martensite
Hypereutectic Cast Iron BCT Structure
Alpha-iron/Ferrite Tampered Martensite
Polymorphic Transformation Eutectic Reaction
Gamma-iron/Austenite Ledeburite
Delta-iron/Ferrite Peritectic Reaction
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 2
 IRON-IRON CARBIDE PHASE DIAGRAM
Fe Fe3C

•In this topic, detail of Iron-Iron Carbide

diagram will be discussed with various
terms, phases generated &
transformation occurred.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 3
• IRON-IRON CARBIDE system may be
divided into two parts

0 wt% C 6.70 wt% C 100 wt% C

100 wt% Fe 93.30 wt% Fe 0 wt% Fe

Iron-rich portion Carbon-rich portion

Pure Pure
Iron Graphite
or
Carbon
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 4
• Iron-rich portion may be divided into
three parts

0 wt% C 0.008 wt% C 2.14 wt% C 6.70 wt% C

100 wt% Fe 99.992 wt% Fe 97.86 wt% Fe 93.30 wt% Fe

Commercially Steel Cast Iron

Pure Iron

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 5
• Steel may be divided into two parts

0.008 wt% C 0.76 wt% C 2.14 wt% C

99.992 wt% Fe 99.24 wt% Fe 97.86 wt% Fe

Hypoeutectoid Hypereutectoid
Steel Steel
Less than eutectoid More than eutectoid
Eutectoid
Steel

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 6
• Cast Iron may be divided into two parts

2.14 wt% C 4.30 wt% C 6.70 wt% C

97.86 wt% Fe 95.70 wt% Fe 93.30 wt% Fe

Hypoeutectic Hypereutectic
Cast Iron Cast Iron
Less than eutectic More than eutectic
Eutectic
Cast Iron

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 7
 At room
temperature
stable form of
pure iron is
present called,
FERRITE.
Ferrite is also
called as
-iron.

It has BCC
Structure.

Temperature is
below 912OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 8
 Ferrite or -iron or -ferrite
• Interstitial solid solution of Carbon in BCC iron (Fe).
• Stable form of iron at room temperature to 912OC.
• The maximum solubility of Carbon is 0.022 wt% at 727OC
• Transforms to FCC γ-austenite phase at 912OC.
• It dissolves only 0.008 % C at room temperature
• Ductile
• Highly magnetic
• It has a low tensile strength of approximately 2800 Kg/cm2
• It is soft phase.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 9
 POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION
• It is a transformation in which a component
changes its crystal structure.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 10
 POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION
• It is a transformation in which a component
changes its crystal structure.

Type 1 component/metal
Type 1 crystal structure

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 11
 POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION
• It is a transformation in which a component
changes its crystal structure.

Type 1 component/metal Polymorphic

Type 1 crystal structure Transformation

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 12
 POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATION
• It is a transformation in which a component
changes its crystal structure.

Type 1 component/metal
Type 1 component/metal Polymorphic (same component/metal)
Type 1 crystal structure Transformation Type 2 crystal structure

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 13
 At 912OC Ferrite
experiences
polymorphic
transformation to
AUSTENITE.
Austenite is also
called as
γ-iron.
It has FCC
Structure.

Temperature is
between
912OC to 1394OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 14
 Austenite or γ-iron or γ-austenite
• Interstitial solid solution of Carbon in FCC Fe.
• The maximum solubility of Carbon is 2.14 wt % at 1147°C .
• Transforms to BCC δ-ferrite at 1395 °C.
• Is not stable below the eutectic temperature (727 ° C) unless cooled rapidly.
• It is stable above 727°C .
• This phase plays an important role in the phase transformations of steels.
• High formability, most of heat treatments begin with this single phase.
• It is normally not stable at room temperature. But, under certain
conditions, it is possible to obtain austenite at room temperature
• It is generally soft
• Ductile
• Non- magnetic
• It is denser than ferrite.
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 15
 At 1394OC
austenite
experiences
polymorphic
transformation to
FERRITE.
It is also called as
-iron.

It has BCC
Structure.

Temperature is
between
1394OC to 1538OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 16
 Ferrite or -iron or -ferrite
• Interstitial solid solution of Carbon in BCC Fe
• The same structure as -ferrite.
• Stable only at high Temperature , above 1395 °C.
• Melts at 1539 °C.
• Maximum carbon solubility: 0.09-0.10 wt.%.
• BCC structure
• Paramagnetic

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 17
 912OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

0 OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 18
 1394OC

Austenite γ-iron FCC

912OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

0 OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 19
 1538OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

1394OC

Austenite γ-iron FCC

912OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

0 OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 20
 Above 1538OC Liquid phase
1538OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

1394OC

Austenite γ-iron FCC

912OC

Ferrite -iron BCC

0 OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 21
 Above 1538OC Liquid phase
1538OC

Ferrite -iron BCC The -ferrite

is virtually
1394OC the same as
-ferrite,
Austenite γ-iron FCC
except for the
912OC range of
temperatures
Ferrite -iron BCC over which
each exists.
0 OC
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 22
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Recall….
• What is eutectoid reaction ?

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 23
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Recall….
• What is eutectoid reaction ?

EUTECTOID REACTION

Type-1 solid phase

Type-2 Type-3
solid phase solid phase

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 24
EUTECTOID REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 25
EUTECTOID REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectoid
Reaction
is at
727OC
and
0.76 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 26
EUTECTOID REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectoid
Reaction
is at
727OC
and
0.76 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 27
EUTECTOID REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectoid
Reaction
is at
727OC
and
0.76 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 28
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Austenite Ferrite Iron Carbide

• Cementite is the hardest structure appears on
or
diagram. Cementite
• Crystal structure of cementite is Orthorhombic
• Cementite has low tensile strength but high
compressive strength.
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 29
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Schematic representations of
the microstructures for an
iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid
composition (0.76 wt% C)
above and below the
eutectoid temperature.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 30
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
The microstructure for this
eutectoid steel that is slowly
cooled through the eutectoid
temperature consists of
alternating layers or lamellae
of the two phases ( and
Fe3C) that form
simultaneously during the
transformation.
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 31
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
This microstructure is called
pearlite.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 32
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Schematic
representation
of the formation
of pearlite from
austenite;
direction of
carbon
diffusion
indicated by
arrows.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 33
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Pearlite has properties

intermediate between the
soft, ductile ferrite and the
hard, brittle cementite.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 34
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
COARSE PEARLITE
• At temperatures just below the eutectoid, relatively thick
layers of both the -ferrite and Fe3C phases are produced; this
microstructure is called coarse pearlite

FINE PEARLITE
• The thin-layered structure produced in the vicinity of 540OC is
termed fine pearlite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 35
 Coarse Fine
Pearlite Pearlite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 36
 HYPOEUTECTOID COMPOSITION
(Hypoeutectoid steel)

Schematic representations of the

microstructures for an iron–
carbon alloy of hypoeutectoid
composition (containing less
than 0.76 wt% C) as it is cooled
from within the austenite phase
region to below the eutectoid
temperature.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 37
 HYPOEUTECTOID COMPOSITION
(Hypoeutectoid steel)

In fourth figure of
microstructure, proeutectoid
ferrite/ means it is already
formed in previous upper phase
(above eutectoid temperature) &
eutectoid ferrite/ means newly
formed which is part of pearlite.

(Proeutectoid means pre- or before eutectoid)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 38
 HYPOEUTECTOID COMPOSITION
(Hypoeutectoid steel)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 39
 HYPEREUTECTOID COMPOSITION
(Hypereutectoid steel)

Schematic representations of the

microstructures for an iron–
carbon alloy of hypereutectoid
composition C1 (containing
between 0.76 and 2.14 wt% C),
as it is cooled from within the
austenite phase region to below
the eutectoid temperature.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 40
 HYPEREUTECTOID COMPOSITION
(Hypereutectoid steel)

In fourth figure of
microstructure, proeutectoid
cementite/Fe3C means it is
already formed in previous
upper phase (above eutectoid
temperature) & eutectoid
cementite/Fe3C means newly
formed which is part of pearlite.

(Proeutectoid means pre- or before eutectoid)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 41
 HYPEREUTECTOID
COMPOSITION
(Hypereutectoid steel)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 42
 EXAMPLE PROBLEM
For a 99.65 wt% Fe–0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature
just below the eutectoid, determine the following:

(a) The fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases

(b) The fractions of the

proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite

(c) The fraction of eutectoid ferrite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 43
 (a) The fractions of total ferrite
and cementite phases

• Assume the given point in

question is “ f ” indicated in
figure below eutectoid.
• Here to find fraction we
have to apply “Lever Rule”
for the given point.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 44
 LEVER RULE or
THE INVERSE LEVER RULE
• After solving Eq.1 & Eq.2

𝑪𝜶 − 𝑪𝟎 𝑺
𝑾𝑳 = =
𝑪𝜶 − 𝑪𝑳 𝑹+𝑺

𝑪𝟎 − 𝑪𝑳 𝑹
𝑾𝜶 = =
𝑪𝜶 − 𝑪𝑳 𝑹+𝑺

Expression of lever rule

(For this particular situation of binary isomorphous system)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 45
 (a) The fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases

• Here we apply
lever rule for
our problem.
• So,
𝑿
• 𝑾𝜶 =
𝑻+𝑿
𝟔.𝟕𝟎−𝟎.𝟑𝟓
• 𝑾𝜶 =
𝟔.𝟕𝟎−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐

• 𝑾𝜶 = 0.95
0.35

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 46
 (a) The fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases

• And
𝑻
• 𝑾𝑭𝒆𝟑𝑪 =
𝑻+𝑿
𝟎.𝟑𝟓−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐
• 𝑾𝑭𝒆𝟑𝑪 =
𝟔.𝟕𝟎−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐

• 𝑾𝑭𝒆𝟑𝑪 = 0.05

“OR”
one can use the relation
0.35
𝑾𝜶 + 𝑾𝑭𝒆𝟑 𝑪 = 𝟏

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 47
 (b) The fractions of the proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite
• Now for question (b) the
composition range is
changed & is up to
eutectoid reaction.
• So,
𝑻
• 𝑾𝒑 =
𝑻+𝑼
𝟎.𝟑𝟓−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐
• 𝑾𝒑 =
𝟎.𝟕𝟔−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐

• 𝑾𝒑 = 0.44
• (fraction of pearlite)

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 48
 (b) The fractions of the proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite
• And,
𝑼
• 𝑾𝜶′ =
𝑻+𝑼
𝟎.𝟕𝟔−𝟎.𝟑𝟓
• 𝑾𝜶′ =
𝟎.𝟕𝟔−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐

• 𝑾𝜶′ = 0.56
• (fraction of
proeutectoid ferrite)

“OR”
one can use the relation
𝑾𝜶′ + 𝑾𝒑 = 𝟏

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 49
 (c) The fraction of eutectoid ferrite
• All ferrite is either as proeutectoid or eutectoid (in the pearlite).
Therefore, the sum of these two ferrite fractions will equal the
fraction of total ferrite; that is,
Fraction of Fraction of Fraction of
Proeutectoid Eutectoid Total
ferrite ferrite ferrite

𝑾𝜶′ + 𝑾𝜶𝒆 = 𝑾𝜶
𝑾𝜶𝒆 = 𝑾𝜶 − 𝑾𝜶′
𝑾𝜶𝒆 = 0.95 − 0.56
𝑾𝜶𝒆 = 0.39

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 50
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Now again recall
the concept of formation of Pearlite

• The microstructure for eutectoid steel

that is slowly cooled through the
eutectoid temperature consists of
alternating layers or lamellae of the two
phases ( and Fe3C) that form
simultaneously during the
transformation.
• This microstructure is called pearlite.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 51
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• So basically,
γ austenite Slow
cooling
ferrite + Fe3C cementite

Pearlite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 52
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• So basically,
γ austenite Slow
cooling
ferrite + Fe3C cementite

Pearlite

What happen, if
cooling rate is not
slow ?

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 53
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 54
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Moderate Cooling….

γ austenite Moderate
cooling
ferrite + Fe3C cementite

Bainite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 55
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Bainite forms as
needles or plates,
depending on the
temperature of the
transformation; the
microstructural details
of bainite are so fine
that their resolution is
possible only using
electron microscopy

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 56
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Bainite forms as
needles or plates,
depending on the
temperature of the
transformation; the
microstructural details
of bainite are so fine
that their resolution is
possible only using
electron microscopy

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 57
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Rapid Cooling….

γ austenite Rapid
cooling
Martensite
(BCT structure)

Martensite is a nonequilibrium single-phase structure.

It is a super-saturated solid solution of carbon in ferrite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 58
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
Body Centered Tetragonal Iron atoms

May be
occupied
by carbon
atoms

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 59
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Martensite microstructure

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 60
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
Tampered Martensite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 61
 EUTECTOID REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

Tampered Martensite
Tempering is accomplished by heating a martensitic steel to a
temperature below the eutectoid for a specified time period.
Normally, tempering is carried out at temperatures between 250
and 650OC; internal stresses, however, may be relieved at
temperatures as low as 200OC.This tempering heat treatment
allows, by diffusional processes, the formation of tempered
martensite, according to the reaction

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 62
Just for information…
Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to
increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is
usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the
excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to
some temperature below the critical point for a certain
period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 63
 Tempered Martensite Microstructure

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 64
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Recall….
• What is eutectic reaction ?

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 65
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Recall….
• What is eutectic reaction ?

EUTECTIC REACTION

Liquid phase

Type-1 Type-2
solid phase solid phase

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 66
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 67
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectic
Reaction
is at
1147OC
and
4.30 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 68
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectic
Reaction
is at
1147OC
and
4.30 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 69
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Eutectic
Reaction
is at
1147OC
and
4.30 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 70
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

During
eutectic
reaction L
phase
transforms in
to eutectic
mixture of
γ and Fe3C.

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 71
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

This
eutectic
mixture of
γ and Fe3C
is called
Ledeburite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 72
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Hypoeutectic

Austenite
+
Ledeburite
+
Cementite

Pearlite
+
Ledeburite
+
Cementite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 73
 EUTECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Hypereutectic
L + Fe3C

Ledeburite
+
Cementite

Ledeburite
+
Cementite

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 74
 PERITECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM
• Recall….
• What is Peritectic reaction ?

PERITECTIC REACTION

Type-1 Liquid
solid phase phase

Type-2 solid phase

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 75
 PERITECTIC REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Peritectic
L + Fe3C
Reaction
is at
1493OC
and
0.18 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 76
 PERITECTIC REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE
SYSTEM

Peritectic
L + Fe3C
Reaction
is at
1493OC
and
0.18 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 77
 PERITECTIC REACTION
FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE +L
SYSTEM

Peritectic
Reaction
is at
1493OC
and γ
0.18 wt% C

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 78
 PERITECTIC REACTION FOR
IRON-IRON CARBIDE SYSTEM

+ L Peritectic
Reaction
γ
Ferrite + Liquid Austenite

• Almost no engineering application

Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 79
 END…
Prepared by VISHAL MEHTA || Reference : Material Science and Engineering, An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr 80