Challenging Math By Wilson

Advanced Extra Counting Problems

1) Five standard 6–sided dice are rolled, what is the probability

a) Such that exactly 3 of them a “6”
b) At least 3 of a “6”

2) Four standard 6–sided dice are rolled, what is the probability

A) Such that exactly 3 of them are “5” or greater

B) Such that at least 3 of them are 5 or greater

C) Such that at least 3 of them are 4 or greater

3)

(AoPs) 7 people are having a water balloon fight. At the same time, each of the 7
people throws a water balloon at one of the other 6 people, chosen at random.
a) Find the numbers in which any particular pair is throwing at each other
b) Find the numbers in which any particular 2 pairs is throwing at each other
c) Find the numbers in which any particular 3 pairs is throwing at each other
d) Find the numbers that there are 2 people who throw the balloon at each other?
e) What is the probability that there are 2 people who throw the balloon at each
other?

4) n people are having a water balloon fight. At the same time, each of the n people
throws a water balloon at one of the other people, chosen at random.
f) Find the numbers in which any particular pair is throwing at each other
g) Find the numbers in which any particular 2 pairs is throwing at each other
h) Find the numbers in which any particular 3 pairs is throwing at each other
i) Find the numbers that there are 2 people who throw the balloon at each other?
j) What is the probability that there are 2 people who throw the balloon at each
other?

5) 16 teams in a football league, each team plays each other twice, how many games are
there in the football league in total?
 Challenging Math By Wilson

6) (AIME1996) In a five-team tournament, each team plays one game with every other team.
Each team has a 50% chance of winning any game it plays. (There are no ties.) Let m/n be the
probability that the tournament will produce neither an undefeated team nor a winless
team, where m and n are relatively prime integers. Find m+n.

(find the probability that a team win all games)

(find the probability that a team loss all games)

7) Eight points are chosen on a circle, and chords are drawn connecting every pair of points. No
three chords intersect in a single point inside the circle. How many triangles with all three
vertices in the interior of the circle are created?
Challenging Math By Wilson

Find the number of triangles formed by all chords between 6 points on a circle such that their
apexes could be on circumference of circle or intersection points of chords and side of
triangles is on chords?

Find the number of triangles formed by all chords between n points on a circle such that
their apexes could be on circumference of circle or intersection points of chords and side of
triangles is on chords?

There are 5 points on circumference of circle, find the number of pairs of disjoint chords (does
not intersect) in a circle?

There are n points on circumference of circle, find the number of pairs of disjoint chords
(does not intersect) in a circle?

(Math League)In a regular 10-sided polygon, two pairs of different vertices (four vertices
altogether) are chosen at random, so that all points are distinct from each other. What is the
probability that the line segments determined by each pair of points do not intersect?
Challenging Math By Wilson

How many triangles can be constructed by joining the vertices of a hexagon (6-sided polygon)

1)One sides common with the convex polygon

2)Two sides common with the convex polygon

3)none of the sides of the triangles is the side of the hexagon?

How many triangles can be constructed by joining the vertices of 15-sided polygon?

1)One sides common with the convex polygon

2)Two sides common with the convex polygon

3) none of the sides of the triangles is the side of the hexagon?

Challenging Math By Wilson

A regular polygon has 20 sides. How many triangles can be drawn by using the vertices, but
not using the sides?

How many hexagons can be constructed by joining the vertices of a 15 sided polygon if none
of the sides of the hexagon is also the side of the 15-gon.

How many n-sided polygon can be constructed by joining the vertices of a k-sided polygon if
none of the sides of the n-gon is also the side of the k-gon? (n<k)

Grid Path Problem

Challenging Math By Wilson
Challenging Math By Wilson

Find the number of paths from A to B

a)

b)
Challenging Math By Wilson

In how many ways can the shape at the far left be tiled with 4 rectangle
tiles such that each tile has integer side lengths?
Challenging Math By Wilson

How many n digit palindrome numbers can be formed?

a) n is even
b) n is odd

(AMC) what is the sum of all the 5-digit palindromes?

Challenging Math By Wilson

On the Cartesian grid, A wants to travel from (0, 0) to (2, 1) and passes through all 6 points how many
ways are there for A to start from (0, 0) to (2,1) so that A never crosses his own path?
Challenging Math By Wilson

A spider walks from one corner of a cube to the diagonally opposite corner.
If the spider walks along the edges only and never backtracks.
How many different paths can it take?

Consider a 2 × 2 × 2 cube, as illustrated below. A spider wants to travel

from A to B; it can only walk on the lines. The path must be the shortest
(i.e., 2 up, 2 left, and 2 forward). In how many ways can the spider travel? 

The spider now wishes to travel on a 3 × 3 × 3 cube subject to the same

conditions as before. In how many ways can the spider travel?

In how many ways the spider can travel from A to B ?

Challenging Math By Wilson
Challenging Math By Wilson

Timmy creates nine-digit positive integers by using the digits from 1 to 9 each exactly once.

a) How many of these nine-digit integers are a unit digit that is an 8?

b) How many of these nine-digit integers are a multiple of 4
c) How many of these nine-digit integers are a multiple of 4 and have a units digit that is an 8?
d) How many of these nine-digit integers are a multiple of 4 or have a units digit that is an 8?
Challenging Math By Wilson

Random Probability with greatest integer function

(Math League)

On the number line from 0 to 1, two random points are chosen.

a) What is the probability that the difference between the greatest and least is
greater than 1/3?
b) What is the probability that the difference between the greatest and least is
less than 1/3?
Challenging Math By Wilson

On the number line from 0 to 2, two random points are chosen.

a) What is the probability that the difference between the greatest and least is
greater than 1/2?

b) What is the probability that the difference between the greatest and least is
less than 1/2?

On the number line from 0 to 1, three random points are chosen. What is the
probability that the difference between the greatest and least is less than 1/3?
Challenging Math By Wilson

From a box contains 5 red balls, 4 green balls, and 3 blue balls, With replacement,
find probability of randomly selecting 2 red balls, 1 green balls and 1 blue balls

A and B throw a Fair die one after another. Whoever throws 6 first wins

1) If A first throw, what is the probability that A wins?

2) If B first throw, what is the probability that A wins?

A and B throws a pair of dies alternatively, A wins the game if he gets a total of 7
and B wins the game if he gets a total of 10. If A starts the game, then find the
probability that B wins

How many ways can you pick 3 non-consecutive integers from 1 to 10?

How many ways can you pick 7 non-consecutive integers from 1 to 16?

How many ways for picking m non-consecutive numbers in a string of n

consecutive numbers?
Challenging Math By Wilson

(MIT Math) Let X1 and X2 be independent random variables with the continuous uniform distribution
over [0, 1]. Find the Probability where X1 < X2

(MIT Math) Let X1, X2 and X3 be independent random variables with the continuous uniform
distribution over [0, 1]. Find the Probability where X1 < X2

Let X1, X2, and X3 be independent and identically distributed random variables with the uniform
distribution on [0, 1]. What is the probability P{X1 is the largest}?

(MIT Math) Let X1, X2, and X3 be independent random variables with the continuous uniform
distribution over [0, 1]. Find the Probability where X1 < X2 < X3
Challenging Math By Wilson

Let X1, X2, … and Xn be independent and identically distributed random variables with the uniform
distribution on [0, 1]. What is the probability P{X1 is the largest of Xi}?

Let X1, X2, … and Xn be independent and identically distributed random variables with the uniform
distribution on [0, 1]. What is the probability P{X1< X2< … < Xn }?
Challenging Math By Wilson

How many different positive integers’ solutions are there to the equation x1 + x2 + x3 = 10,

a) Where x1, x2 and x3 are positive integers? (Count “x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 7” and “x1 = 2, x2 = 1, x3 =
7” as two separate solutions).
b) where X1 < X2
c) where X1 < X2 < X3

There are 6 boxes numbered by 1,2,3,4,5,6 each, as 6 balls respectively, in how many ways can the 6
balls be left in the 6 boxes, one ball per box, so that for every box, the sum of the box’s number and
number of the ball left in the box is even number?

There are 5 boxes numbered by 1,2,3,4,5 each, as 5 balls numbered 1,2,3,4,5 each respectively, in how
many ways can the 5 balls be left in the 5 boxes, one ball per box, so that for every box, the sum of the
box’s number and number of the ball left in the box is even number?
Challenging Math By Wilson

(Math league) The fourteen cabins of the Titanic Mail Boat are numbered consecutively from 1
through 14, as are the 14 room keys. In how many different ways can the 14 room keys be placed in
the 14 rooms, one per room, so that, for every room, the sum of that room's number and the number
of the key placed in that room is a multiple of 3?

Birthday Problem
Suppose five people are in a room. What is the probability that there is at least one shared
birthday among these five people?

Suppose 30 people are in a room. What is the probability that there is at least one shared
birthday among these 30 people?

Suppose 30 people are in a room. What is the probability that there is exactly two will have
same birthday among these 30 people?

Suppose 30 people are in a room. What is the probability that there is exactly three will have
same birthday among these 30 people?

Suppose N people are in a room. What is the probability that there is exactly k will have same
birthday among these N people?

Suppose 30 people are in a room. What is the probability that there is at least three will have
same birthday among these 30 people?
Challenging Math By Wilson

Expected Value
If h is the number of heads obtained when 6 coins are each tossed once, what is the Expected
Value (average) of h?

Math league

Suppose we have a six-sided die marked with five 3 and one 6. What would you expect the average of
6000 rolls to be?

A company makes electronic gadgets. One out of every 50 gadgets is faulty, but the company doesn't
know which ones are faulty until a buyer complains. Suppose the company makes a $3 profit on the sale
of any working gadget, but suffers a loss of $80 for every faulty gadget because they have to repair the
unit. , what is the expected value?
Challenging Math By Wilson

(AMC)Suppose we draw cards out of a 52-deck without replacement. How many cards do we expect to
draw out before we get an ace?

(AMC) Draw from a standard 52-card deck until you get four red cards. What is the expected number of
draws?

Draw from a standard 52-card deck until you get 4 diamond cards. What is the expected number of
draws?

Draw from a standard 52-card deck until you get 26 red cards. What is the expected number of draws?

Draw from a standard 52-card deck until you get n K-cards. What is the expected number of draws?
Challenging Math By Wilson

In how many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the 10 digits (0-9), if

a) Digit Repetitions are allowed; Digit Repetitions are not allowed

b) The numbers begin with 40;

Digit Repetitions are allowed; Digit Repetitions are not allowed

c) The numbers are even;

Digit Repetitions are allowed; Digit Repetitions are not allowed

d) The numbers are divisible by 5.

Digit Repetitions are allowed; Digit Repetitions are not allowed

AIME I 2020 #7
Challenging Math By Wilson

How many four digits numbers when scanned from left to right have an increasing
value of digits?

When throwing the die n times with results X1,X2…,Xn, Find fn(x) be the
probability that x≤X1≤X2≤…Xn

How many positive integers are there, whose digits strictly increase from left to
right?

Among the positive integers whose digits strictly increase from left to right, how
many have at most one even digit?

How many three-digit positive integers are there such that the three digits are in
increasing order (like 145) or decreasing (like 321)?
Challenging Math By Wilson

A bowl contains 25 cookies each red or blue AI chooses 2 cookies,

1) Find expression of how many ways for AI to choose 2 cookies of same

color.
2) Find expression of how many ways for AI to choose 1 of each color
3) If #of 1) same as # of 2), what is the least and the most possible number of
red cookies in the bowl?

Distinct Objects in a Fixed Order

How many ways are there to arrange the letters in the word NUMBER if the
consonants must remain in the original order?

How many permutations are there of the letters in the word EXPLAIN if the
vowels must be in alphabetical order?

How many ways are there to arrange the “12AB3” if the order of number is 1-2-3,
letter’s order is A-B? ie 1-A-2-3-B or A-1-B-2-3