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Equilibrium, HL, PP
Pack [39 marks]
1. What is correct when temperature increases in this reaction at [1 mark]
equilibrium?
2 NOCl (g)⇌ 2 NO (g)+ Cl2 (g) ΔH = +75. 5 kJ
3. What is the equilibrium constant expression for the following equation? [1 mark]
2NO2 (g) + F2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2F (g)
2[NO2F]
A.
2[NO2]+[F2]
2[NO2F]
B.
2[NO2][F2]
[NO2]2[F2]
C.
[NO2F]2
[NO2F]2
D.
[NO2]2[F2]
4. Consider the reaction: [1 mark]
2N2O (g) ⇌ 2N2 (g) + O2 (g)
The values of Kc at different temperatures are:
6. Which factor does not affect the position of equilibrium in this reaction? [1 mark]
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) ΔH = −58 kJ mol−1
A. Change in volume of the container
B. Change in temperature
C. Addition of a catalyst
D. Change in pressure
7. What will happen if the pressure is increased in the following reaction [1 mark]
mixture at equilibrium?
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO3− (aq)
A. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will decrease.
B. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will increase.
C. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will increase.
D. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will decrease.
9. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the following [1 mark]
reaction?
2NH3(g) + 2O2(g) ⇌ N2O(g) + 3H2O(g)
3[H2O][N2O]
A.
2[NH3]2[O2]
[NH3]2[O2]2
B.
[N2O][H2O]3
2[NH3]2[O2]
C.
3[H2O][N2O]
[N2O][H2O]3
D. 2 2
[NH3] [O2]
10. What happens when the temperature of the following equilibrium system [1 mark]
is increased?
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) ΔHθ = -91kJ
11b. The value of the equilibrium constant for the first dissociation at 298 K is [1 mark]
5.01 × 10 −4.
State, giving a reason, the strength of citric acid.
11c. The dissociation of citric acid is an endothermic process. State the [2 marks]
effect on the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], and on the equilibrium
constant, of increasing the temperature.
13. What effect does increasing both pressure and temperature have on the [1 mark]
equilibrium constant, Kc?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH = −45.9 kJ
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Remains constant
D. Cannot be predicted as effects are opposite
15. What is the effect of increasing the temperature in this reaction? [1 mark]
CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCO3−(aq) ΔH < 0
A. The pH will decrease.
B. The pH will increase.
C. CO2 pressure will decrease.
D. The equilibrium position will shift to the right.
16. Which variable affects the equilibrium constant, Kc? [1 mark]
A. Atmospheric pressure
B. Catalyst
C. Concentration of reactants
D. Temperature
17. Which change will favour the reverse reaction in the equilibrium? [1 mark]
2−
2CrO2− +
4 (aq) + 2H (aq) ⇌ Cr2 O 7 (aq) + H2 O(l) ΔH = −42 kJ
A. Adding OH− (aq)
B. Adding H+ (aq)
18. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for the formation of [1 mark]
hydrogen iodide from its elements?
19. Which combination of temperature and pressure will give the greatest [1 mark]
yield of sulfur trioxide?
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g) ΔH = −196 kJ
20. Which statement is correct for a spontaneous reaction? [1 mark]
22. Kc for 2N2O (g) ⇌ 2N2 (g) + O2 (g) is 7.3 × 1034. [1 mark]
What is Kc for the following reaction, at the same temperature?
N2 (g) + 12 O 2 (g) ⇌ N2O (g)
A. 7.3 × 1034
1
B.
√7.3×1034
1
C.
7.3×1034
1
D.
2×7.3×1034
23. Which is correct for a reaction with a positive change in Gibbs free [1 mark]
energy, ΔG θ?
A. The formation of reactants is favoured.
B. The formation of products is favoured.
C. The reaction is at equilibrium.
D. The reaction is spontaneous.
24. Iodine and bromine gases were mixed and allowed to reach equilibrium. [1 mark]
26. 1.0 mol of N2(g), 1.0 mol of H2(g) and 1.0 mol of NH3(g) are placed in a [1 mark]
1.0 dm3 sealed flask and left to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium the
concentration of N2(g) is 0.8 mol dm−3.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
What are the equilibrium concentration of H2(g) and NH3(g) in mol dm −3?
8
27. At 700 ºC, the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction is 1.075 × 108. [1 mark]
2H2 (g) + S2 (g) ⇌ 2H2S (g)
Which relationship is always correct for the equilibrium at this temperature?
A. [H2S]2 < [H2]2 [S2]
B. [S2] = 2[H2S]
C. [H2S] < [S2]
D. [H2S]2 > [H2]2[S2]
28. The graph shows values of ΔG for a reaction at different temperatures. [1 mark]
29. Components X and Y are mixed together and allowed to reach [1 mark]
equilibrium. The concentrations of X, Y, W and Z in the equilibrium
mixture are 4, 1, 4 and 2 mol dm −3 respectively.
X + 2Y ⇌ 2W + Z
What is the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc?
1
A. 8
1
B. 2
C. 2
D. 8
30. Which is correct for an isolated system in equilibrium? [1 mark]
31. A mixture of 0.40 mol of CO (g) and 0.40 mol of H2 (g) was placed in a [1 mark]
1.00 dm3 vessel. The following equilibrium was established.
CO (g) + 2H2 (g) CH3OH (g)
At equilibrium, the mixture contained 0.25 mol of CO (g). How many moles of
H2 (g) and CH3OH (g) were present at equilibrium?
32. The equation for the reaction between two gases, A and B, is: [1 mark]