INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL & LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

𝑑𝑢
= ln| 𝑢 | + 𝑐
𝑢

𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 + 𝑐

𝑎
𝑎 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
ln|𝑎|

Examples:

1.∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 =𝑥 −1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 + 𝒄
𝑢

2. ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 + 2 2(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = = 2
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1) 𝑥+1
𝑢 =𝑥+1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
2 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝒄
𝑢

3. ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
−𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
 = 𝑒 (−𝑑𝑢) = − 𝑒 𝑑𝑢

𝒙
= −𝒆 +𝒄

4. ∫ 5𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− = 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢 5
5 𝑒 − = − 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
2 2
𝟓 𝒙𝟐
= − 𝒆 +𝒄
𝟐

5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑢=
𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑒 (−𝑑𝑢) = − 𝑒 𝑑𝑢

𝟏
= − 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄

6.∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝟐𝒙
𝑎 𝑑𝑢 = +𝒄
𝐥𝐧|𝟐|

7. ∫ 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢= 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑢
2 2
𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒙 𝟒𝒙
= +𝒄= +𝒄
𝟐 𝐥𝐧|𝟒 | 𝐥𝐧|𝟏𝟔 |

8. ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑒 ∙ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥

𝑢= 𝑒
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝒙
𝑒 𝑑𝑢 = 𝒆𝒆 + 𝒄

9. ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = ln 𝑒
1
𝑑𝑢 = (𝑒 )𝑑𝑥
𝑒
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄

10. ∫ ( )

𝑢 = 3 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝐥𝐧|𝟑 + 𝒍𝒏𝒙| + 𝒄
𝑢
11. ∫

(𝑒 + 𝑒 − 𝑒 )𝑑𝑥
=
𝑒 +1
𝑒 (𝑒 + 1) 𝑒
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 + 1) 𝑒 +1
𝑒
= 𝑒 − 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1
𝑢 = 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑒 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
= 𝒆𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧| 𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏 | + 𝒄

12. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

Divide numerator by denominator:

𝑥 8
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4 − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+2 𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 − 8
𝑥+2
𝑢 =𝑥+2
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟑
= − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟖 𝐥𝐧|𝒙 + 𝟐| + 𝒄
𝟑

13. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

𝑢 =𝑥

𝑢 = √𝑥

𝑢 = √𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 =
2√𝑥
2√𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=
1+𝑢
𝑢+1−1
=2 𝑑𝑢
𝑢+1
𝑑𝑢
=2 𝑑𝑢 − 2
𝑢+1
= 2𝑢 − 2 ln|𝑢 + 1| + 𝑐

= 𝟐√𝒙 − 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 √𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒄

14. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 =𝑥−1
𝑥 = 𝑢 +1

(𝑥 − 1) = (𝑢 ) = 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 = 6𝑢 𝑑𝑢

. ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑢 + 1)𝑢(6𝑢 𝑑𝑢)

= (6𝑢 + 6𝑢 )𝑑𝑢

6𝑢 6𝑢
= + +𝑐
13 7
𝟔 𝟏𝟑 𝟔 𝟕
= (𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟔 + (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟔 + 𝒄
𝟏𝟑 𝟕