INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

STEP 1: Assign value of u.

STEP 2: Get the derivative of u with respect to x.
STEP 3: Substitute u and du to the given functions.
STEP 4: Integrate.
STEP 5: Substitute the original value of u back to the equation.

Examples:

1. ∫(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 =𝑥+3
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
20 + 1

𝑢
= +𝑐
21

(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐𝟏
= +𝒄
𝟐𝟏

2. ∫(2𝑥 − 1) 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
4+1
𝑢
= +𝑐
5
 (𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝟓
= +𝒄
𝟓

3. ∫ ( )

𝑢 = 𝑥 −1

𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3

𝑑𝑢 1
𝑢 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 3

1 𝑢
= +𝑐
3 −4 + 1

1 1
= − [𝑢 ]+𝑐 = − +𝑐
9 9𝑢

𝟏
= − +𝒄
𝟗(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝟑

4. ∫ (3-4w) (4w 2 -6w+7)10 dw

u= 4w²-6w+7
du= 8w-6
du
-2
= -4w+3 dw
1
= − 2 ∫ u10 du

1 u10+1
= − 2 ∫ 10+1 du

1 u11
= −2∫ 11
du

1 (4w 2 -6w+7)11
= −2 [ 11
]+C

(4w 2 -6w+7)11
=- 22
+C
5. ∫
√

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
(𝑥 + 2)
𝑢 = 𝑥 +2
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑢 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 3

1 𝑢
= +𝑐
3 1
−4 + 1

1 4𝑢
= +𝑐
3 3

𝟑
𝟒(𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐)𝟒
= +𝒄
𝟗

6. ∫ 3𝑥 √1 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 1 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −4𝑥𝑑𝑥
−𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
4
−𝑑𝑢 1
= 𝑢 = − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4 4

1 𝑢
= − +𝑐
4 1
2 + 1

1 𝑢
= − +𝑐
4 3
2
𝟏 𝟑
= (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟐