INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

1. ∫ sin u du = − cos u + C
2. ∫ cos u du = sin u + C
3. ∫ tan u du = ln(sec u) + C
4. ∫ cot u du = ln(sin u) + C
5. ∫ sec u du = ln(sec u + tan u) + C
6. ∫ csc u du = ln(csc u − cot u) + C
7. ∫ sec u tan u du = sec u + C
8. ∫ csc u cot u du = − csc u + C

9. ∫ sin u du = u − sin 2u + C

10. ∫ cos u du = u + sin 2u + C

11. ∫ tan u du = tan u − u + C

12. ∫ cot u du = −cot u − u + C
13. ∫ sec u du = tan u + C
14. ∫ csc² u du = −cot u + C

Examples:

1. ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

1
𝑢= 𝑥
2

1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2

2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 (2𝑑𝑢) = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢

𝟏
= −𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐
2.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

−𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢) = − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢
= − +𝑐
3

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
= − +𝒄
𝟑

3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

= ∫ cos 𝑥 (1 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 1 − sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑥 • 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−1

= -∫ 𝑑𝑢

= -[2𝑢 ] + 𝐶

= −𝟐√ 𝟏 −𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 +𝑪

4. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

= 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) + 𝒄
 ( )
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥

1
𝑑𝑢 = • 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= ∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= ln (sin 𝑢) + 𝐶

= 𝐈𝐧 [𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐥𝐧 𝒙)] + 𝑪

6. ∫ csc 5𝑥 cot 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥

𝑑𝑢 5
= 𝑑𝑥
5 5
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
5
= ∫ csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= [−csc 𝑢] + 𝐶

𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟓𝒙
=− +𝑪
𝟓
7. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢
= +𝑐
4
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 𝒙
= +𝒄
𝟒
8. ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥
2
 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + sin 2(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + sin(4𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑑𝑢

𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 4𝑥 ; = 𝑑𝑥
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (2𝑥) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(2𝑥) + (−𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥) + (2𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(2𝑥) +𝑐
2 2 4 4 2 2 4
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙
=𝒙− +𝒄
𝟒

9. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑙𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑢 = ln 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
1
𝑑𝑢 = ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃

= 𝑢𝑑𝑢

𝑢 𝑢
= +𝑐 = +𝑐
1+1 2
(𝒍𝒏 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜃)𝟐
= +𝒄
𝟐
10. ∫ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
=
√1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

= 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢
= +𝑐
1
−2 + 1
 𝑢
= + 𝑐 = 2√𝑢 + 𝑐
1
2

= 𝟐√𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄