Gravitation in One Shot

Episode 1

with

ABHISHEK K R
B.Tech - Aerospace, Alliance University

CBSE Expert | Inventor of RocketPro

6+ Years Teaching Exp | Mentored more than 5000 students
Helped 1000s of students get 10 CGPA in CBSE X
GRAVITATION
Universal law of Gravitation & its numericals

Kepler’s law of planetary motion

Free fall and acceleration due to gravity

Mass and Weight of an object

Gravitation
Gravitation

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/light-road-speed-3oGRFrD8HqAUe5CXIc
Motion of moon around the earth is
due to centripetal force
An invisible force of attraction between the
earth and moon provides the centripetal
force

This force of attraction is called

Gravitational Forced
The force of attraction
between objects is called
Gravitational Force

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/light-road-speed-3oGRFrD8HqAUe5CXIc
Q1. Ocean tides are the result of

A B
Gravitational Gravitational
force between sun force between sun
& earth & moon

C D
Gravitational Gravitational
force between force between
earth & moon earth & venus
Q1. Ocean tides are the result of

A B
Gravitational Gravitational
force between sun force between sun
& earth & moon

C D
Gravitational Gravitational
force between force between
earth & moon earth & venus
Universal Law
of Gravitation
Newton stated that,

Every object in the universe attracts

every other object with a force
which is proportional to the product
of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance between them. The force is
along the line joining the centres of
two objects.

This is known as Universal law of

Gravitation

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/light-road-speed-3oGRFrD8HqAUe5CXIc
F∝M×m
F∝M×m
Universal Gravitational Constant

SI unit of G is Nm2/Kg2
The value of G was found out by Henry
Cavendish (1731 – 1810) by using a sensitive
balance.

The accepted value of G is 6.673 × 10–11 N m2

kg–2.
Why is earth not moving towards apple?
mearth >> mapple
mearth >> mapple

aearth << aapple

 Q2. What will happen to the force of
gravity if the distance between two
objects is reduced to half?

A B
Becomes half of
Remains same
the initial value

C D
Becomes 4 times Becomes 2 times
the initial value the initial value
 Q2. What will happen to the force of
gravity if the distance between two
objects is reduced to half?

A B
Becomes half of
Remains same
the initial value

C D
Becomes 4 times Becomes 2 times
the initial value the initial value
 Q3. If the mass of one body is doubled,
then the gravitational force F between
two bodies become

A B

3F 4F

C D

2F F
 Q3. If the mass of one body is doubled,
then the gravitational force F between
two bodies become

A B

3F 4F

C D

2F F
 Q4. Universal law of gravitation does not
explain

A B
Motion of moon Motion of Planets
around the sun around the sun

C D
Tides on earth due Motion of electrons
to the moon in an atom
 Q4. Universal law of gravitation does not
explain

A B
Motion of moon Motion of Planets
around the sun around the sun

C D
Tides on earth due Motion of electrons
to the moon in an atom
Kepler’s Laws Of
Planetary Motion
Kepler’s first law states that the orbit of a planet
follows an ellipse with the sun at one foci .

FOCI
Kepler’s 2nd law- “ Law of Areas”

The line joining the planet and the Sun

sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Kepler also wanted to bring the relationship
between distance of planet from the sun
and its orbital period.
It states that - The cube of the mean
distance of a planet from the Sun is
proportional to the square of its orbital
period T.
 Kepler’s law of Planetary
motion

1st Law: - Law of Orbits - The orbit of

a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at
one of the foci.

2nd Law: - Law of Area - The line

joining the planet and the Sun sweep
equal areas in equal intervals of
time.

3nd Law: - Law of Periods - The cube

of the mean distance of a planet from
the Sun is proportional to the square
of its orbital period T.
 Q5. Knowing how long a planet takes to
orbit the sun, helps scientists determine
the distance that planet is from the sun.
Is this Kepler's 1st, 2nd or 3rd Law?

1st 2nd

C D

3rd None of these

 Q5. Knowing how long a planet takes to
orbit the sun, helps scientists determine
the distance that planet is from the sun.
Is this Kepler's 1st, 2nd or 3rd Law?

1st 2nd

C D

3rd None of these

 Q6. Kepler’s second law explains

Law of orbit Law of Period

C D

Law of area None of these

 Q6. Kepler’s second law explains

Law of orbit Law of Period

C D

Law of area None of these

Free Fall
Whenever objects fall towards the earth under
gravitational force alone, we say that the objects are
in free fall.
Whenever an object fall towards earth acceleration is
involved.

This is due to Earth’s Gravitational Force

This acceleration is called acceleration due to gravity

Since Gravitational force acts downwards , acceleration
due to gravity also acts downwards.
Value of ‘g’
By newton’s second law of motion

F = ma

Here Acceleration is g

So, F = mg
By universal law of gravitation , we have

R- Radius of earth
Equating

F = mg
We get, g = 9.8 m/s2
Variation of ‘g’ with
distance
Earth is not a perfect sphere

It is flattened at the poles and bulged at the

equator.

Radius at equator > Radius at poles

 As R g

‘g’ at Equator < ‘g’ at Pole

Motion due to gravity
In applying these equations, we will take 'g 'to
be positive when it is in the direction of motion.

motion g

g is positive

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/light-road-speed-3oGRFrD8HqAUe5CXIc
'g' will be taken as negative when it opposes
the motion.

motion g

g is negative

Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/light-road-speed-3oGRFrD8HqAUe5CXIc
 Q7. As we go from pole to equator, the
acceleration due to gravity ____.

A B

Goes on decreasing Goes on increasing

C D

Remains constant Either (A) or (B)

 Q7. As we go from pole to equator, the
acceleration due to gravity ____.

A B

Goes on decreasing Goes on increasing

C D

Remains constant Either (A) or (B)

 Q8. An object is thrown vertically
upwards and rises to a height of 10 m.
Calculate
(i) the velocity with which the object
was thrown upwards and (ii) the time
taken by the object to reach the highest
point.

A B

(i) 10 m/s (ii) 1.43 s (i) 7 m/s (ii) 2.6 s

C D

(i) 14 m/s (ii) 1.43 s (i) 9.8 m/s (ii) 2.6s

Q8. An object is thrown vertically
upwards and rises to a height of 10 m.
Calculate
(i) the velocity with which the object
was thrown upwards and (ii) the time
taken by the object to reach the highest
point.
 Q8. An object is thrown vertically
upwards and rises to a height of 10 m.
Calculate
(i) the velocity with which the object
was thrown upwards and (ii) the time
taken by the object to reach the highest
point.

A B

(i) 10 m/s (ii) 1.43 s (i) 7 m/s (ii) 2.6 s

C D

(i) 14 m/s (ii) 1.43 s (i) 9.8 m/s (ii) 2.6s

 Q9. Mass of moon is 7.31x1022 kg and its
radius is 1.7 x 106 m.
Determine acceleration due to gravity
on its surface. (G= 6.7x10-11 Nm2 kg-2).

A B

9.8 m/s2 1.54 m/s2

C D

2.22 m/s2 1.72 m/s2

Q9. Mass of moon is 7.31x1022 kg and its
radius is 1.7 x 106 m.
Determine acceleration due to gravity
on its surface. (G= 6.7x10-11 Nm2 kg-2).
 Q9. Mass of moon is 7.31x1022 kg and its
radius is 1.7 x 106 m.
Determine acceleration due to gravity
on its surface. (G= 6.7x10-11 Nm2 kg-2).

A B

9.8 m/s2 1.54 m/s2

C D

2.22 m/s2 1.72 m/s2

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Mass & Weight
Mass of an object is the amount of matter
contained in a substance.
of an objects remains the same whether the object is in earth,
moon or outer space.
We know earth attracts every object towards it due to Gravitational Force
According to newton’s second law, F = ma

Acceleration involved is g

F = mg

This force of attraction of the earth on

an object is known as the weight of the
object

W = mg
Weight always acts downwards

Weight
Weight of an object is the
force of attraction of the
earth on an object.

SI unit of weight is N.

Weight acts downwards.

It is a vector Quantity.
 Q10. Weight of an object is highest at

A B

Equator Centre of earth

C D
Above the earth’s
Poles
surface
 Q10. Weight of an object is highest at

A B

Equator Centre of earth

C D
Above the earth’s
Poles
surface
 Weight of an object on moon is the
Force with which the moon attracts the object!
Let, mass of an object be m.
weight on the earth be We
mass of the earth be Me
radius of the earth be Re

Then, by applying the Universal Law of

Gravitation,
Weight of an object on earth will be

…………………………(ii)
 Weight of the Body on Earth

Substituting the value of Me and Re

Weight of body of mass m on earth is

 Weight of the Body on Moon

Substituting the value of Me and Re

Weight of body of mass m on moon is

Weight of object on moon = 1 weight of object on earth
6
Since, gravity of moon is less, skipping keeps movement
vertical and we don’t slip.

The hops are longer as gravity is less.

 Q11. Find the weight of a person whose
mass is 85 Kg

A B

720 N 833 N

C D

880 N 98 N
 Q11. Find the weight of a person whose
mass is 85 Kg

A B

720 N 833 N

C D

880 N 98 N
 Q12. What will be the weight of a body on
Moon if it weighs 48 N on the Earth?

A B

48 N 8N

C D

9.8 N 98 N
 Q12. What will be the weight of a body on
Moon if it weighs 48 N on the Earth?

A B

48 N 8N

C D

9.8 N 98 N
Q13. If the gravitational force between a
man weighing 68 kg and a woman
weighing 52 kg is 1.48 x 10-8 N, at what
distance are they standing ?
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