Work, Energy and Power In One Shot

with
ABHISHEK K R
B.Tech - Aerospace, Alliance University

CBSE Expert | Inventor of RocketPro

6+ Years Teaching Exp | Mentored more than 5000 students
Helped 1000s of students get 10 CGPA in CBSE X
WORK, ENERGY & POWER
Scientific work & its numericals

Kinetic Energy & its numericals

Potential Energy & its numericals

Law of conservation of energy : State

and proof with its numericals

Power and Commercial Unit of Energy

WORK
Work is the transfer of energy from one object
to another, especially in order to make the
second object move in a certain direction.
For a work to be done → two conditions must be
satisfied.

1 . A force should act on an object.

For a work to be done → two conditions must be
satisfied.

2. The object should get displaced.

Let a constant force F is acting on an object in the
direction of displacement.
Work done by a force is acting on an object is
equal to the magnitude of the force multiplied by
the distance moved in the direction of the force.
Let W be the work done.

W = Force x displacement

W=FxS
If the boxes are pushed with the same force→ same
work is done→ in both the directions.

This shows that→ work has only magnitude, but no

direction.
Work done is equal to the force (F)
multiplied by displacement (s).
W=Fxs

Unit of Work is Joules (J).

Work is a Scalar Quantity.

Positive & Negative Work
Positive & Negative Work
 ZERO WORK

The work done if the force and displacement are 90°

to each other
 Q1. Calculate the distance between a
man and a box when 100 J of work done
to move the box with a force of 15 N.

A B

16.6 m 26.6 m

C D

6m 6.6 m
Q1. Calculate the distance between a
man and a box when 100 J of work done
to move the box with a force of 15 N.
 Q1. Calculate the distance between a
man and a box when 100 J of work done
to move the box with a force of 15 N.

A B

16.6 m 26.6 m

C D

6m 6.6 m
 Q2. If a force of 1 N is acting on an object
that is moving through 10 m in a
direction perpendicular to the force, then
the work done is

A B

1J 10 J

C D

100 J Zero
Q2. If a force of 1 N is acting on an object
that is moving through 10 m in a
direction perpendicular to the force, then
the work done is
 Q2. If a force of 1 N is acting on an object
that is moving through 10 m in a
direction perpendicular to the force, then
the work done is

A B

1J 10 J

C D

100 J Zero
Energy
Energy is defined as the capability to
do work.

SI unit of Energy is Joule

 When energy is more → When energy is less → less
more work is done. work is done.

High Energy Low Energy

The energy possessed by an object, can be measured in

terms of its capacity to do work.
Different forms of Energy
 Types of Energy

Mechanical Heat Chemical Electrical Light Sound

Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy

Potential Kinetic
Energy Energy
Kinetic Energy
Energy of an object due to its motion is called
Kinetic Energy.
When the car moves with greater velocity displacement of the
box is more.
As the Kinetic energy → velocity

Kinetic energy ∝ Velocity.

When the truck pushed the But, when a bicycle pushed
block → it moves at a longer the block → it does not
distance. moved.

This happens because truck has more mass.

if the mass of an object → Work done is → its kinetic energy

Kinetic energy ∝ Mass.

Mathematical Expression for
Kinetic Energy
When a force F is applied on it.

The object get displaced at point B at a distance s

with final velocity v.
Thus, the kinetic energy possessed by an object
of mass m and uniform velocity v is

Kinetic energy ∝ mass and Velocity.

 Q3. A moving body of mass 30 Kg has
60 J of Kinetic Energy. Calculate the
speed.

A B

4 m/s 2 m/s

C D

1 m/s 5 m/s
Q3. A moving body of mass 30 Kg has
60 J of Kinetic Energy. Calculate the
speed.
 Q3. A moving body of mass 30 Kg has
60 J of Kinetic Energy. Calculate the
speed.

A B

4 m/s 2 m/s

C D

1 m/s 5 m/s
 Q4. What should be the change in
velocity of a body, if its mass is
increased by four times for the same K.E
of the body?

A B

Doubled Halved

C D

No change Quadrupled
Q4. What should be the change in
velocity of a body, if its mass is
increased by four times for the same K.E
of the body?
SOLUTION
 Q4. What should be the change in
velocity of a body, if its mass is
increased by four times for the same K.E
of the body?

A B

Doubled Halved

C D

No change Quadrupled
Potential Energy
 Potential Energy

The energy of an object due to its

position or configuration relative to the
other objects.
Potential energy of the ball = mgh

h
The initial and final position of the object is
same same.

B B

Path Path
h
1 2

A A
Hence, same work is done.
So, the potential energy is also same.
Potential energy is the energy
possessed by the object by virtue of
its position or configuration.

The potential Energy of an object at

an height is Ep = mgh.

The potential energy depends only

on the initial and final position of the
object not on the path.
 Q5. Find the energy possessed by an
object of mass 25kg when it is at a
height of 2 m above the ground. Given, g
= 10 m/s2.

A B

250 J 200 J

C D

500 J 450 J
Q5. Find the energy possessed by an
object of mass 25kg when it is at a
height of 2 m above the ground. Given, g
= 10 m/s2.
 Q5. Find the energy possessed by an
object of mass 25kg when it is at a
height of 2 m above the ground. Given, g
= 10 m/s2.

A B

250 J 200 J

C D

500 J 450 J
 Q6. A body of mass 5 Kg is taken from a
height 5 m to 10 m. Find the increase in
its potential energy. (g = 10ms-2)

A B

250 J 190 J

C D

280 J 75 J
Q6. A body of mass 5 Kg is taken from a
height 5 m to 10 m. Find the increase in
its potential energy. (g = 10ms-2)
 Q6. A body of mass 5 Kg is taken from a
height 5 m to 10 m. Find the increase in
its potential energy. (g = 10ms-2)

A B

250 J 190 J

C D

280 J 75 J
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Transformation of
Energy
When the gates of Dam’s are opened,

The potential energy of water is transformed

into Kinetic energy.
Other examples of transformation of energy
Conservation of
Energy
Agar Ye aa gaya tho, sb aa gaya

B
h

h-x

C
When an object fall from an height

Its Potential Energy & Kinetic Energy

Thus, It is just transformed from one form to other
form.
It is never created, and it cannot be destroyed.
Variation in KE and PE with height above
the ground
Thus, It is just transformed from one form to other
form.
It is never created, and it cannot be destroyed.

This is the Law of Conservation of Energy

 Law of Conservation of energy

According to this law, energy can only be

converted from one form to another; it
can neither be created nor destroyed.
The total energy before and after the
transformation remains constant.
 Q7. A hammer of mass 1kg falls freely
from a height of 2 m .Calculate (I) The
velocity and (II) The KE. Of the hammer
just before it touches the ground.

A B

(i) 6.32 m/s (ii) 20 J (i) 6.32 m/s (ii) 10 J

C D

(i)2.5m/s (ii) 12 J (i) 3.32 m/s (ii) 20 J

Q7. A hammer of mass 1kg falls freely
from a height of 2 m .Calculate (I) The
velocity and (II) The KE. Of the hammer
just before it touches the ground.
 Q7. A hammer of mass 1kg falls freely
from a height of 2 m .Calculate (I) The
velocity and (II) The KE. Of the hammer
just before it touches the ground.

A B

(i) 6.32 m/s (ii) 20 J (i) 6.32 m/s (ii) 10 J

C D

(i)2.5m/s (ii) 12 J (i) 3.32 m/s (ii) 20 J

 Q8. A ball of mass 0.20 kg is thrown
vertically upwards with an initial velocity
of 20m/s. Calculate the maximum
potential energy it gains as it goes up.

A B

10 J 20 J

C D

30 J 40 J
Q8. A ball of mass 0.20 kg is thrown
vertically upwards with an initial velocity
of 20m/s. Calculate the maximum
potential energy it gains as it goes up.
 Q8. A ball of mass 0.20 kg is thrown
vertically upwards with an initial velocity
of 20m/s. Calculate the maximum
potential energy it gains as it goes up.

A B

10 J 20 J

C D

30 J 40 J
POWER
Power is the rate of doing work or the rate
of transfer of energy.
Unit of Power

Unit of Work is Joule (J) and Time is Second (s).

Unit of Power is Joule/second Or Watt

1 W is the power when 1 joule of work is done in 1

second
 Q9. Calculate the power of an electric
motor that can lift 800 kg of water to
store in a tank at a height of 1500 cm in
20s. (g=10m/s2).

A B

10 KW 600 W

C D

6 KW 60 KW
Q9. Calculate the power of an electric
motor that can lift 800 kg of water to
store in a tank at a height of 1500cm in
20s. (g=10m/s2).
 Q9. Calculate the power of an electric
motor that can lift 800 kg of water to
store in a tank at a height of 1500cm in
20s. (g=10m/s2).

A B

10 KW 600 W

C D

6 KW 60 KW
Commercial Unit of
Energy
Joule is a small unit. It is inconvenient to
represent large quantities.

Thus, a bigger unit of energy called

kilowatt hour (kWh) is used → to
represent large quantities.

1 kilowatt = 1000 watts

So, 1 kilowatt hr = 1000 watts hr

 DERIVATION

1 kilowatt hr = 1000 watts x 1 hr → (i)

Also, watts = J/sec and 1 hr = 3600 sec→ (ii)

On substituting these values in equation no. 1

we have
The electric meter measures energy
consumed in units of electricity.
kWh unit of energy is used to express the
energy used in household, industries and
commercial establishment.
 Q10. An electric heater of 1000 W is used
for two hours in a day? What is the cost
of using it for a month of 28 days, if one
unit costs 3.00 rupees?

A B

Rs 196 Rs 249

C D

Rs 168 Rs 100
Q10. An electric heater of 1000 W is used
for two hours in a day? What is the cost
of using it for a month of 28 days, if one
unit costs 3.00 rupees?
 Q10. An electric heater of 1000 W is used
for two hours in a day? What is the cost
of using it for a month of 28 days, if one
unit costs 3.00 rupees?

A B

Rs 196 Rs 249

C D

Rs 168 Rs 100
Q11. Calculate the electrical energy
consumed in Joules if a toaster of 60 W
is used for 30 minutes?
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